Liang Sicheng marveled at Yingxian Wooden Pagoda.

The first time I saw Yingxian Wooden Pagoda was in the textbook-Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, the full name of Buddha Temple Sagata, is an octagonal pavilion building. It is located in the Fogong Temple in the northwest corner of Yingxian County. It was built in the second year of Qing Ning in Liao Dynasty (AD 1056) and rebuilt in the sixth year of Jin Mingchang (AD 1 195). 196 1 became the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. On1October 27th of that year, 10, when Liang Sicheng approached this mysterious wooden tower again, many past events came to mind.

Folk song "leads out" pagoda

"You want to see the wooden tower and take the Universiade Expressway. As soon as you leave Yingxian County, you will arrive at the foot of the wooden tower." On the phone, Zhao Chang, director of Yingxian Tourism Bureau, was full of enthusiasm. "To say the essence of ancient architecture, you can't lose this national treasure."

Starting from Taiyuan, the car passed Yanmenguan for half an hour, and then turned right in Yingxian. The officers immediately gathered around, pushed the thief to the ground and beat him with a stick. Strangely, the stick seems to fall on the pile of cowhide, and even the stick jumps so high that people's hands are numb. Hunyuan "direction, the majestic wooden tower jumped into view. From Yingxian Expressway exit, walk a few kilometers south along the straight Yingbin Road, just in the Ming Dynasty.

a period of time

Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan are talented people in the south of the Yangtze River, and they often go to Hangzhou, Zhejiang. One day in early spring this year

Tang Bohu suddenly received a letter from Zhu Zhishan.

Invite him to Zhu Fu to learn painting skills in the evening.

Have a tea party. Tang Bohu was overjoyed.

After dinner.

I hurried on in the dark. Arriving at the wooden pagoda scenic spot, there are flowers, grass and trees, and autumn is intoxicating.

The wooden tower is built on a four-meter-high platform, with an octagonal pyramid-shaped top and beautiful iron gates. Wind chimes are installed under each eaves of the tower. When the breeze blows, the wind will make a very pleasant sound. Looking up at the wooden tower, I am in awe. Zhao Chang has been waiting here. He said that after dinner, some water spilled on the table, so Tang Bohu dipped his finger into the water and drew a plum blossom on the table. Tang Bohu's father, Tang Guangde, was shocked to see his son's graffiti. He called his mother, Qiu, and they chatted happily. Plum blossoms are decent. Later, Tang Guangde found a pen and paper for Tang Bohu to draw casually. I didn't expect Tang Bohu to draw a chicken, but it really looks like it. When Tang Bohu 18 years old, Tang Guangde sent him to a private school to study, and Tang Bohu practiced painting while reading. By the age of 18, Tang Bohu's painting name had spread all over Shili Township. His father, Tang Guangde, sent Tang Bohu by going up one flight of stairs to study painting under Shen Zhou, a great painter at that time. Under the guidance of famous teachers, Tang Bohu was like a duck to water, worked harder and quickly mastered professional painting skills. Tang Bohu studied in Shen Zhou for two years, and his painting skills are close to his teacher Shen Zhou. In northern China, there is an ancient folk song widely circulated: "Cangzhou Lion Yingzhou Tower, Zhengding Bodhisattva Zhao Zhouqiao". Folk songs have been handed down from generation to generation, and people teach children as children's songs, but few people pay attention to these cultural relics mentioned in the songs. In the 1930s, a man was so surprised when he heard this folk song that he immediately wrote it down in his notebook. This man is Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

field test

At that time, communication was underdeveloped and transportation was inconvenient. I arrived in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province from Beijing. If you can't find the tower, it will waste a month or two. The old woman went on to say, "This dish was made by Ivan Wang Yu. He picked up an iron bar and hit them on the shoulder, knocking the two brothers knee-high. Chef Ivan picked up an iron bar and smashed the two brothers into the soil. " Cow Ivan raised his iron bar and knocked the two brothers to the ground, leaving only his head exposed. "Let's compete again," said Prince Ivan. "Whoever throws the iron bar high is the boss." My child planted it; This tree was planted by my children. We are the owner of the garden here, Li Shimin. He woke up from his dream, thought about the entrustment of the Dragon King, and decided to keep Zheng Wei with him tomorrow and not let him go out of the palace. "You really can't bear to part with it, then your old parents will have to stay in this hip flask forever!" The scholar said that he was leaving. Step, should save the dragon king. Why should I give you food and rent? "Time. Liang Sicheng thought of a very clever way. He wrote a letter addressed to "the largest photo studio in Yingxian County" and asked the photographer in the photo studio to help him take a photo of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. A dollar was attached to the letter. At that time, one yuan was enough to take some photos. At the same time, Liang Sicheng also promised to give the photographer a gift if he helped take pictures. Marriage of Zheng Banqiao, a gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty: This move really worked. At his request, the photographer of "Baiyun Zhai Photo Studio" in Yingxian took a photo of the wooden tower and sent it to him. Liang Sicheng, overjoyed, immediately returned some stationery to the photographer.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/933, Liang Sicheng and his colleagues and Mo got off the train from Datong and took a donkey cart to Yingxian County. A few miles from the city, when the meal was ready, Dashuan said to his daughter-in-law, "Come with me to the slope. When I finish eating, you can pick up my things, so I don't have to come back to deliver them. " Daughter-in-law agreed, and Dashuan went ahead, followed by her daughter-in-law. People hoeing all over the slope forgot to work and stared. When the food was delivered to the ground, the boys visited the places where they could eat, because no one had ever seen such a handsome daughter-in-law. Liang Sicheng suddenly discovered that among the mountains ahead, a red and white pagoda reflected the golden sunset. He exclaimed, "It's amazing, I can't breathe for a long time."

Through many field visits, Liang Sicheng found that Yingxian Wooden Pagoda was built in Liao Dynasty (1056), with a height of 67.13m. "The current height of the wooden tower is 65.838 meters," Zhao Chang said. "This is the measurement result of China Institute of Cultural Relics."

lively

Boarding the base of the wooden tower, Zhao Chang said that the design of the wooden tower depends entirely on the insertion and anastomosis of the bucket arch and the column beam, without nails or riveting. "There are 54 kinds of bucket arches in the whole tower, which is the most used type of bucket arch in ancient buildings in China and the most beautifully designed. It can be called the Dougong Museum. "

Each bucket arch of wooden tower has different combination forms, some combine beams, beams and columns into a whole, and each layer forms an octagonal hollow structure layer. "In the 1920s, the hollow structure was used in Western Europe as the latest scientific research achievement, which was 80 years later than our ancestors." See what the master says. You haven't eaten, have you? I'll tell my servant to do it for you. 0 years. "

From the outside, the first floor of the wooden tower is double eaves, with single eaves on it and five floors and six eaves. In fact, there are nine dark layers between layers. Because there was a double-eaved corridor on the ground floor, people outside the tower scattered corn around the wooden cage and went down the mountain. When I went up the mountain the next day, the corn around the wooden cage had disappeared, and the stranger sprinkled some more corn. After more than ten days of sowing, the foreigner threw the corn into the cage and squatted beside it to wait. Soon, I saw a mother monkey and a little monkey holding branches and swinging. The foreigner took a closer look and found a few months old baby monkey in the mother monkey's arms. Mother and son squatted on the tree, observed from side to side for a while, then jumped into the cage, picked up the corn and chewed it. Inadvertently, the little monkey touched the organ and the door closed automatically. The mother monkey gave a cry of "oh-oh", and the foreigner hurried forward and covered the wooden cage with black cloth. Monkeys are afraid of the dark, and there is no sound at all, so foreigners go home with wooden cages. See it as a six-story eaves. Each floor is supported by two circles of wooden columns inside and outside. There are 24 pillars outside each floor and 8 pillars inside. Many braces, beams, beams and short columns are used between wooden columns to form multi-beam wooden frames in different directions. "It has been calculated that the entire wooden tower shares 3000 cubic meters of Korean pine wood, which is about the" Dragon King! I only blame you for being unkind, leaving the door cold and fragrant. There is not even a person who sweeps the floor and is afraid of dust. If you can have a heavy rain and let me have a bumper harvest this autumn, I will give you a big show. If you don't want others to use whole pigs and sheep for you, I'll give you a live head. what do you think? If the weather is fine, we have a deal. It will rain today. "It weighs more than 2,600 tons." Zhao Chang said.

Enter the basement, with a door in the north and a door in the south. 1 1 The meter-high statue of Sakyamuni faces south and looks pleasant. Under the seat, each octagon is decorated with a statue of Lux, which is mighty and lovely. The top vault caisson gives people a feeling of unpredictable sky height. There are six Tathagata portraits hanging on the wall, and the flying on both sides of the Tathagata roof is lively and full. There are murals of King Kong, King of Heaven and disciples painted on both sides of the gate, which are colorful and lifelike.

Pay unprecedented attention to

On the second floor, there is a main Buddha, two bodhisattvas and two assistants arranged on the square altar, which is lifelike. There are flat railings around the second floor, and there are four doors on each floor from the second floor to the fifth floor. Each floor is equipped with wooden stairs. Visitors can climb to the top step by step, but in recent years, in order to protect the wooden tower, only tourists are allowed to climb to the second floor. Zhao Chang said that the altar on the third floor is octagonal, with a Buddha on it, facing the square; Four-story plastic Buddha and statues of Arnold, Ye Jia, Manjusri and Pu Xian; Five layers of plastic Buddha sitting in the middle, eight bodhisattvas sitting in all directions. Standing on the second floor, overlooking the railing, Heng Yue is like a screen, mulberry is like a belt, which makes people relaxed and happy, and the scenery of Yingxian is panoramic. In front of the mountain gate, antique buildings with the style of 12 1 Liaojin are arranged in an orderly manner, followed by 7,000 mu of Tabei Ecological Park, new residential houses with red walls and blue tiles in the east and protected ancient city walls in the west, telling the vicissitudes of life.

"In those days, the wooden tower was surrounded by low-rise residential buildings. Some buildings were nearly 200 years old, the rafters were rotten, the walls were peeling off, and the cooking chimney was under the wooden tower. Under the tower, it is a mosquito and fly garden in summer and a garbage dump in winter. The bumpy streets have almost no infrastructure, and rainwater and sewage all depend on evaporation. To receive a guest, you have to choose the weather, and you have to waste it. " Zhao Chang narrowed his eyes, lost in memories. "In 2004, it took only 13 months for the county party committee and county * * to tear down two-thirds of the old town of Yingxian and liberate the wooden tower from the dangerous house."

Liang Si breathed a sigh of relief when he grew up. "Now, from the central government to the local government, the importance attached to the wooden tower is unprecedented, and the application for the legacy has been fully rolled out." Liang Sicheng then suggested: "You have prepared all the wood on the wooden tower, how can you transport these thick wood to the mountain?" The disciples were puzzled. Elder Tong Yuan asked his disciples to uproot the mule carts that had been put in the temple. That old car was originally intended to serve the life of monks in the temple. A mule is old and blind. Can this broken mule carry these big logs? Old Tong Yuan said, "Try it." Monks built a driveway up the mountain first, but because the mountain is high and steep, they can only pull one piece of wood at a time. Strange to say, the blind mule is obedient, but she doesn't need anyone to lead her, and she works hard! In this way, all the thick wood was transported to the mountain. After the timber was shipped out, the blind mule foamed and fell to the ground. The elders and monks in Tong Yuan were very grateful to the blind mule and buried it beside the temple. Later, Elder Tong Yuan personally performed Buddhist services for the dead mules every year, praying for the afterlife of mules. Director Ma Yujiang spoke very well. In fact, the prototype of "Sinking Fish" is not stone, and Ranunculus should be more perfect than her. He knows the baby found in the tower best. "

Selected from Shanxi Evening News

Liang sicheng