Learn more about moon science articles

The moon is a satellite of the earth, because it is natural for us to contact each other since childhood, but unnaturally, the ratio of the moon to the earth is extremely rare in the matching of the sizes of planets and satellites.

You see, the diameter of the earth is 13000 km, and the diameter of the moon is 3500 km, which means it is almost an order of magnitude.

Let's look at Jupiter, with a diameter of 654.38+0.4 million kilometers, which is 654.38+00 times that of the earth. Jupiter has *** 16 satellites, of which the largest diameter is 3/4,2600 kilometers of the moon. The remaining three are all over 1000 km in diameter, and the remaining 12 are all tens of kilometers in diameter. Compared with the planets around them, it is dust. The same is true of other planets, and the size of satellites is particularly different from theirs.

But only the moon and the earth are brothers.

Therefore, the most popular view about the birth of the moon is that about 4.5 billion years ago, there was a growing earth in the earth's orbit, and then there was a super collision in space.

On the other side is a meteorite the size of Mars. After the collision, the big one is the embryonic form of the earth now, and the small one is the embryonic form of the moon now. And they all maintained a certain speed and did not merge.

At a distance of hundreds of thousands of kilometers, they gradually reached a balance, and they turned more and more round, and finally formed the moon and the earth.

One of the reasons is that the moon core and the earth core are very similar in structure and composition, and they are both liquid iron cores.

Rumors about the moon

1. You can't see the Great Wall on the moon.

There are many rumors about the moon. For example, after Apollo 1 1 landed on the moon for the first time, three astronauts said they could see the Great Wall on the moon, which made many people in China proud.

But this is completely whimsical. If you climb the Great Wall, you will feel it. When you climb high, look back at the road you climbed. Sometimes it needs careful identification. It's only five or six kilometers away.

What's more, you are hundreds of thousands of kilometers away. In fact, photos of the earth taken from the moon are not difficult to find. You can find that even the boundary between the mainland and the ocean is not clear, let alone the Great Wall, which is only 20 meters wide.

The moon is solid.

There are also rumors that the moon is a base for aliens lurking near the earth. The interior of the moon is hollow and there are aliens inside.

This rumor was really verified by Apollo. They installed a lunar seismograph on the surface of the moon, and judged the composition of the moon by measuring the echoes generated after vibration. Just now, we said that there is a liquid iron core about 300 kilometers away from the moon's core, which is the result of detection and analysis by the lunar seismograph.

Therefore, the interior of the moon is solid.

It is true that the United States landed on the moon.

The biggest rumor about the moon is that the American landing on the moon is fake. They have never set foot on the moon. Those photos were carefully taken in the studio.

This problem has a long history. I remember watching it when I was in junior high school, but I watched it carefully at that time. At that time, the most popular popular science books were UFO Exploration, The Mystery of the World 100 and The Discovery of the Wild Man in Shennongjia. I was kidnapped by aliens. All these books are of this kind.

What are those doubts? For example, the photos of astronauts walking on the moon have no stars in the background and the moon has no atmosphere, so the sky will be very dark. Where are the stars? Have you forgotten the p on the map?

Also, the shadows of many objects in the moon landing photos are not in one direction, which seems to be the effect of taking pictures in the background of multiple light sources. There is only one sun, so your shadow should be in one direction.

Also, why do the backgrounds of hundreds of photos of astronauts landing on the moon look highly consistent? That's impossible.

In addition, the astronauts planted the American flag on the surface of the moon. Why are the stars and stripes still flying in the wind? There is no air on the moon. How did you make this flag fly?

Subsequently, NASA explained them one by one. The reason why the stars can't be seen in the background is that the moon landing time is in the morning of the moon time, and the sun will shine on the surface of the object, especially the spacesuit is bright white, so it looks like a luminous body when taking pictures, so the exposure time of taking pictures is very short. The starlight in the distant night sky is too different from the light reflected by the object to be photographed. Then why don't you go to the moon on a moonlit night? That's nonsense. I can't see anything in the dark. I can't take any pictures of how dangerous it is to go to the moon.

The reason why shadows have different angles is that in the morning of the moon, the angle of the sun is very low, the shadows of objects are very long, and the shadows left by objects at different distances are not parallel from the side. I believe that everyone has seen similar effects in many documentaries that pursue a sense of lens.

The reason why the background colors of most photos look so consistent is that there is no atmosphere on the moon. Because of the earth's atmosphere, the sky color and atmospheric transparency presented in the same place almost every day are different, so it is difficult to keep consistent. However, the clarity and transparency of the vision on the moon are always the same. If the shutter parameters are adjusted unchanged, the background color of the photos will be highly consistent.

The Stars and Stripes are flying because the national flag carried by astronauts has its own wire and has a supporting role. Otherwise, there will be no air on the moon. If you bring a national flag, it will naturally droop, and no one can see what the national flag is. It's just that the astronauts didn't straighten the wires at that time, so it looked like dancing. As a result, when the photos came out, NASA saw that the effect was quite good. Simply don't straighten it in the future, just want this kind of high-flying effect.

In fact, logically speaking, this explanation still cannot completely overturn the doubt. What can be overturned is physical evidence. Because humans landed on the moon 12 times, they brought back nearly 400 kilograms of lunar materials from the moon, including rocks, meteorites, soil and so on. These things are essentially different from the earth's matter. For example, the moon's rocks are zero moisture. But water molecules will be found in rocks on earth.

Moreover, because the moon has no atmosphere and is often exposed to the background of high-energy cosmic rays, radioactive isotopes in lunar materials are more likely to be collided and decayed by high-energy rays. These isotopes are extremely rare on earth. also

Because there is no atmosphere, most of the moon rocks are covered with dense pits, which are all traces of being hit by small meteorites. In fact, we don't know that 99% of meteors shot near the earth's orbit are substances below 0. 1 g. Meteorites may be bigger, such as a few grams. If they shoot at the earth, they usually burn in the atmosphere. A little bigger, lucky enough, there was no heat generated by friction before landing and it burned out, and there were obvious scorch marks on the appearance.

But the moon has no atmosphere, so all the materials exposed on the surface of the moon are craters that have been hit. You don't need to be an expert in astronomy to detect this difference, and even the general public can clearly feel the difference in lunar material.

Some people will also question that these substances may have been chiseled out by yourself with a small chisel. Cultural relics are antiques, and it is no problem to make these effects with modern technology.

Then the last negative evidence is the laser mirror we left on the moon, which is used to measure the distance between the earth and the moon at any time. Scientists also use this to find that the moon is 3.8 cm away from the earth every year on average. When we emit laser light in a specified direction, we will receive the reflection from the reflector, which is a permanent trace left by human civilization on the moon.