He' nan xinxian county style photography

Guiyu Island in Chaoyang was once the seat of Puning County. According to the Records of Puning County, the first county government was located in Rongshui residential building, and the ancient city was first built in the forty-second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1563). It was not until the 14th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1586) that he moved to Hou Yu (now Hongyang). 1949, 1 In July, Puning County was founded in quicksand, and the county seat was changed to quicksand, so Puning has two old cities.

Chaoyang County: Wenguang Pagoda

1. Why did Chaoyang County set up Puning County in three places?

Chaoyang County was established in the first year of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (397), with a history of 1600 years. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, with the population growth and land development, Wu Yang, Rongshui and Huangkeng in the west of Chaoyang County, Chaozhou Prefecture became increasingly prosperous, but they were more than 170 miles away from the county seat. "It is difficult to control the situation remotely. What is important is to disturb the mountains repeatedly."

Master of the Flying Dragon: Zhang Lian

However, the "Zhang Lian Uprising" was the real trigger for the establishment of Puning County. In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560), Zhang Lian, a native of Raoping County, proclaimed himself emperor in Baisongguan at the junction of Raoping County in Guangdong Province and Pinghe County in Fujian Province, and changed his name to "Li", "Lord of Feilong" and "Feilong" to fight against the Ming Dynasty. In the face of the uprising in Zhang Lian, the imperial court sent Zhang Hao, the satrap, and other troops to unite the officers and men of Jiangxi and Fujian provinces to suppress Zhang Lian. In the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), in September, after the imperial court sent troops to suppress the peasant uprising, in order to strengthen the rule, Chen and Zhang Gang, the magistrate of Guangdong and Guangxi, put forward the suggestion that "the three capitals were divided into counties and were unified and named Puning", which was approved by the imperial court. According to the Records of Chaoyang County, Puning County was established in Wu Yang, Rongshui and Huangkeng of Chaoyang County in the 42nd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1563).

Raoping County: Longfei Temple

The Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty clearly and completely recorded the reasons, process and approval time of Chenghai and Puning. Volume 517 of Records records the first month of Jiajing's forty-two years, including: "Ding Wei, Zhang Gang, and Gu Yan, the imperial advisers of Guangdong and Guangxi, have done three things to deal with the aftermath of Guangdong: the king of Haiyang in Chaozhou is the gateway for Japanese slaves to invade, so it is advisable to set up a county in the south of Chaozhou to increase vassals and break the capital." In Chaoyang melting water, it is advisable to set up a county to cut it, in order to control Haifeng, Huilai and Changle (now Wuhua), and to cut it; ..... Shu Shang Yun Hang is located in Chenghai County in Wangbi and Puning County in Rongshui ". On the first day of the 42nd year of Jiajing (1February 20th, 563), the Ming court approved the analysis of Wu Yang, Rongshui and Huangkeng to the west of Chaoyang County, meaning "general peace", and decided Puning County as the first building to build a castle.

The First Law of Puning: Guiyu Ancient City

2. Guiyu in Chaoyang was once the seat of the first government of Puning County.

Guiyu in Chaoyang used to be the seat of Puning County. Both the Annals of Puning County and the Annals of Guiyu Town of Chaoyang County record that Zhao Yue, the first county magistrate of Puning County, took office in the forty-fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1565), and the county seat was located in Rongshuidu residential building in Chaoyang County. According to the appraisal of architecture and appellation, the battlements of the first county of Puning should be located in Nan 'an and Beilin Township of Guiyu, Chaoyang. There are five bases for judging: First, the old name of Wumenlou, which is still used today on the west side of Nan 'an School (Yangjia Temple), was the county government at that time; Secondly, the city wall still exists, and the walls of the two townships are closed into a unified whole, surrounded by rivers, which conforms to the organizational system that the ancient capital city must set up a city for self-defense; Thirdly, there are six gates: Wentian at the east gate, Wuzhen at the west gate, Qingping at the south gate, Li Le at the north gate, Watergate and Jinxianmen. Jinxianmen is the entrance and exit of officials. If it is not a county magistrate, how can it be called "Jinxianmen"? Fourth, the two townships are called Wenci, Tianhou Palace and Guandi Palace. Fifth, there are Liu Tong Temple, Xixing Temple, Nansheng Temple and Arctic Academy outside the city, which is in line with the layout of "East Temple and West Temple looking at North and South Courtyards" outside the county.

Today, the ruins of the first ancient city in Puning (that is, the governing wall of Guiyu ancient county) still exist. In Nan 'an and Beilin villages, there is still an old city wall surrounded by a moat. Although this ancient city tower has experienced hundreds of years of wind and rain, it is intact. The town still retains the Temple of Literature, Guandi Palace, Shuangzhong Office, Dakui Building, Xianda Temple and Meizhou Ancient City.

3. Guiyu and Hongyang both found the "Qusi Monument".

It is worth mentioning that after Zhao Yue, the first magistrate of Puning County, left office, the people set up a "Thinking Monument" in the first year of Wanli to show their virtue. The inscription reads: "Parents are Zhao Hou, taboo,no. Huaiquan, from Changting, Fujian. Jiajing Yijiu (1565) was ordered to know about Puning. Pucheng has not been built, and it is a treasure island for tide control. Be a refugee and wait for them. An official is still at home, loving the people like a son, loyal and stubborn, and benefiting the country and the people. Ordinary people, Darrow's name is Du. Bitiao stayed at the earthquake site. Love the present, concentrate on thinking, comparable to Gan Tang, eternal reputation. In the first year of Wanli (1573), Yang, Su Junde, Yang Xigeng, etc.

"Sibei" is an inscription made by local people in memory of this official after he left office. Now this monument is embedded in the outer wall of Gongbei Sanshanwang Temple in Beilin Village, Guiyu Town. It is 40 cm above the ground, 235 cm high and 90 cm wide. The crease of the tablet body is broken, and the word "to think" on the tablet is a rare calligraphy art in Ming Dynasty. Its inscription is a masterpiece in ancient Chinese literature. The inscription not only has a brief introduction to the object of the monument, but also states that in the forty-second year of Jiajing (1563), Puning County was evacuated from Chaoyang, and Zhao Lai was appointed as the magistrate of Puning County, but he worked in Guiyu because the county was not built. Then it is further clarified that the reason for erecting the monument is that the home environment of the magistrate is simple, sympathetic to the sufferings of the people, loving the people like children, honest and clean, and won the love of Puning and Chaoyang people.

Coincidentally, last year, someone published an article, "The first memorial tablet of Puning is in Guiyu, and it is also in our big Hongyang, but it is already …", saying: "Today, I received a report from a friend in Hongyang that there is a broken memorial tablet near the south gate of Hongyang Town, because the stone tablet is incomplete, and it is impossible to tell whether it is the official who misses Puning." I hope this "ideological monument" is also an inscription set by the local people to eulogize those retired officials who "love the people as their children, are honest and clean". At the same time, I also hope to hear the news that the relevant departments have collected this stone tablet. Perhaps this "thinking monument" in Puning Hongyang has some historical connection with the "thinking monument" in Chaoyang Guiyu!

Puning Hongyang: Old Town Site

Fourth, Puning was later appointed as the magistrate of a county, and Liu bluntly said that "Hongyang City" should be built.

In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Zhao Yue, the first magistrate of Puning, took office, and the county government was established in Guiyu Village, Rongshui (now Guiyu Town, Chaoyang District, Shantou City). However, due to the sharp increase of "corvee begging" after the establishment of the county, the court lacked follow-up financial support for the new county governance, and the county governance was delayed. According to the Records of Puning County, during the three years of Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1575), Fang Liqi wrote a letter, demanding that the county seat be moved to Hou Yu area in Huangkeng, and said that he would "give up two places as county sites" and "break my residence and set up Yayu". Liu Chong, a magistrate of a county, gave up the temporary county administration of Rongshui Guiyu for financial reasons. In the tenth year of Wanli (now Hongyang) (1582), the wall of Hongyang City began to be built, with a circumference of about 2000 meters and a height of 6 meters. There are four gates, namely Ninghe Gate, Fucai Gate, Yingxun Gate and Gong Ji Gate, all of which have buildings. In the same year, Tunxi became a city around the city. At that time, Wu Yang and Rongshui belonged to Chaoyang County, and Puning County only had the capital of Huangkeng, which was divided into Shangshe, Zhongshe and Xiashe, covering an area of 456 square kilometers. In the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586), Zhao Xianqian, the magistrate of a county, moved his capital to Hou Yu (now Hongyang). Hongyang has since become the county administration and cultural center of Puning County, and thus "Hongyang City" has become the second old city in Puning today.

Hongyang Ancient Town: Panorama

Hongyang City has Dongguan Emperor Temple and Longqing 'an in the east, Confucius Institute and Confucius Temple in the west, and Chenghuang Temple and Wenchang Pavilion in the northeast. And Youfu Huian in the east of the north gate. At that time, "the city is 20 feet 5 inches high and 700 feet around. There are four doors, each with its own floor." Among the four gates, each gate has its own watchtower, and there are bunk beds on the left and right sides of the gate, which is a great ring city. As for the layout of the four roads outside Hongyang, namely, Han Wengong Temple, Kungang Academy, Yutang Temple and Hongshan Temple, these four sites are the third of the eight ancient scenes in Puning, namely, Kungang Songyun, Hui Ling Ganquan and Hongsi, with many poets.

Shishi on Taiping Bridge in Yaqian, Old County

In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the county magistrate Zeng Youwen demolished Chengheng, changed Yuancheng Street into Zhongshan Road, built Baili Bridge and built Zhongshan Bridge. Today, only the ruins of the city base, Shuiguan and Nanmenkou are left in the old city. Hongyang ancient city, also known as Puning ancient city, was the administrative and cultural center of Puning from the 14th year of Wanli (1586) to 1949 in 363. This 300-year history is very short in the long river of history, but the historical and cultural remains it covers are very rich, and it is an important part of Puning culture.

Attachment: Notes of Puning County

In the forty-second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1563), in the first month, the court approved the analysis of the new address of Puning County, Wu Yang, Rongshui, Xihuangkeng in Chaoyang County.

In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Zhao Yue, the first magistrate of Puning, took office, and the county government was temporarily stationed in Guiyu Minshe.

In the third year of Wanli (1575), Liu Dunding, a magistrate of a county, decided to build a county seat in (today's Hongyang), and to build Puning County Ya and Puning Academy.

In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), the city wall was built, with a circumference of about 2000 meters and a height of 6 meters. There are four doors, namely Ninghe Gate, Fucai Gate, Yingxun Gate and Gong Ji Gate, all of which have buildings. In the same year, Tunxi became a city around the city.

In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), Zhao Xianqian, the magistrate of a county, moved to Hou Yu, which is now Hongyang, and Hongyang has since become the county administration and cultural center of Puning County.

In the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1655), Zheng Chenggong led his troops to attack Puning City, razed the city wall to the ground, and demolished Gong Xue's government offices and tiles, and transported them to Jieyang City to stick to them.

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Zhang Rubang, the magistrate of a county, supervised the civilian worker to repair the city wall as old as before.

In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), on April 22nd, Liu Jinzhong, the company commander of Chaozhen, rose up against the Qing Dynasty and sent Liu Bin to occupy Puning City. /kloc-in June of 0/6, Liu Jinzhong fell to the Qing Dynasty, and Puning City returned to the rule of the Qing court.

In the 40th year of Kangxi (170 1), Andingmei (with red flag) was appointed as the magistrate of Puning County. During his tenure, he was widely benevolent and deeply loved by the people. After leaving office, the people converted a study around the county government into an Gong Temple to commemorate it with a stone statue.

In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Lan Dingyuan was appointed as the magistrate of Puning County. During his tenure, he solved many mysteries and left many legends.

In the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), Xiao Qizhi, a magistrate of a county, advocated the construction of Peifeng Tower in the east of the city.

In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), Xiao Qizhi, a magistrate of a county, built Kun 'an Academy in the east of the city, and set the back pavilion as the Chinese temple.

In the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), on October 19th, Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy and governor of Guangxi, went to Puning on business, and died in Wenchang Pavilion in Puning on 22nd.

In the tenth year of Tongzhi (187 1), Fang Yao, the main soldier of Chaozhou Town, seized land in the east of the city and built the mansion "De 'anli".

In the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920), Puning No.1 Middle School was founded in Puning, Gong Xue.

In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the first branch of the Communist Youth League in Puning County was established in Huifeng Pavilion, Gong Xue (No.1 Middle School of Puning County), with Fang Fang as the branch secretary.

In the thirty-third year of the Republic of China (1944), in February of 15, the Japanese invaders occupied Puning County, and in June of 18, the Japanese army retreated.

In the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), Puning County fell for the second time on October 28th, and the Japanese army retreated on October 28th. On March 8, Puning County fell for the third time. On May 7th, all the invading troops withdrew from Puning.

1949 may 1, quicksand is liberated. 1 year in July, Puning County People's * * * was established, and Dingxian County was located in quicksand with the approval of * * * Chaoshan District Committee. From then on, Hongyang no longer became the seat of county administration.

Magistrate (7) Puning (1) Chaoyang (1)