What are the main tests for anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the lumbar spine?

Condition analysis: Lumbar disc herniation should be examined: The density of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage plate included in the X-ray lumbar intervertebral disc is low and is not visible under X-ray, so the clinical Plain X-ray films of the lumbar spine of patients with protrusion may have only some non-specific changes or even no abnormal changes. Therefore, a simple plain radiograph of the lumbar spine cannot be used as a direct basis for the presence or absence of lumbar disc herniation. However, X-ray can detect degenerative changes and structural abnormalities of the lumbar spine, which is of great significance in indicating the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, and can rule out other lumbar spine diseases, such as lumbar tuberculosis, tumors, and lumbar spondylolisthesis. A typical patient with lumbar disc herniation can make a preliminary diagnosis based on medical history, physical signs and plain X-ray films. CT examination of the lumbar spine CT can clearly show the location, size, shape of the intervertebral disc and the compression of the nerve roots and dura mater. It can also show the hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, hyperplasia of the facet joints, stenosis of the spinal canal and lateral recesses, etc. . The accuracy rate of diagnosing lumbar disc herniation reaches 80%-92%. MRI has no radiation, can image in multiple directions (cross-section, coronal plane, sagittal plane and oblique plane), shows better anatomical details, is more sensitive to subtle pathological changes in tissue structure (such as bone marrow infiltration), and can Rule out nerve and spinal tumors. Some nucleus pulposus tissue that falls into the spinal canal will not be missed.

Suggestions: