Briefly describe five main art classification methods.

Briefly describe five main classification methods of works of art, and what are the commonly used classification methods of works of art? The first is to divide art into time art (music, literature), space art (sculpture, painting) and space-time art (drama, film and television) on the basis of the existence of artistic works.

Second, based on the perception of artistic works, art can be divided into auditory art (such as music), visual art (such as painting) and audio-visual art (such as drama).

Thirdly, based on the reflection of artistic works on the objective world, art can be divided into expressive art (music, dance, architecture, lyric poetry, etc. ) and reproduction art (painting, sculpture, drama, novel, etc.). Fourthly, according to the materialized form of artistic works, art is divided into dynamic art (music, dance, drama, film and television, etc.). ) and static art (painting, sculpture, architecture, practical technology, etc. ).

Fifth, the emerging classification in Europe and America divides art into visual art, including painting, sculpture, photography, architecture and technology, as well as modern art design, advertising art, film art and computer three-dimensional animation. Performing arts, including music, dance, drama and musicals popular in developed countries in recent years. The advantage of this classification method is that it adapts to the development trend of modern art and accommodates emerging and popular art categories or styles in time. However, this classification method has just appeared after all, and it has not stood the test of time, especially at present, it has not been widely recognized by the art, academic and educational circles all over the world, even in developed countries.

There are many kinds of commonly used classification methods for works of art? Commonly used classification methods are as follows. Based on the social function of the work? Art can be divided into aesthetic art and practical art. The so-called aesthetic art refers to the art with aesthetic function first and practical function second, so it is mainly for aesthetic appreciation? Such as music, art, literature, dance, drama, etc? The so-called practical art refers to the art with practical function first and aesthetic function second, which can be used and appreciated at the same time? Such as architecture, gardens, practical arts and crafts, etc. Within the aesthetic art? In the way that aesthetic subjects perceive works? Corresponding to different media used in works of art? Based on what? Art can be divided into visual art. Art, etc? , the art of hearing? Music and other literature and art? The art of imagination? And audio-visual comprehensive art? Drama, film and television drama, etc? . Within the aesthetic art? Based on the existence of works of art in time and space? Art can be divided into time art? Music, literature, etc? Also known as dynamic art? , space art? Painting, sculpture, etc? Also known as static art? And the comprehensive art of time and space? Drama, film and television drama, etc? . Besides that? Art can also be divided into reproduction art, performance art and reproduction performance comprehensive art from different angles. The result of art classification is relative.

Briefly describe the principles and methods of art classification.

[explanation] 1. Images reflect reality but are more typical than reality, including literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, drama, movies, folk art and so on.

2. refers to a creative way. For example: the art of leadership.

3. Unique and beautiful shape.

People who know art say that art is art.

People who don't understand art say that art is rubbish.

Then how do you understand it? . This is a matter of personal thought.

There are ten kinds of arts: painting, sculpture, craft, architecture, music, dance, literature, drama, movies and games.

Why do many people simply can't understand the beauty of an art painting? . And people who paint really pay attention to feelings.

Art can usually be understood from three levels. First, from the spiritual level, art is regarded as a field of culture or a form of cultural value, alongside religion, philosophy and ethics. The second is to understand art from the level of activity process, and think that art is an artist's self-expression, creative activity or imitation of reality. Third, from the level of activity results, art is considered as a work of art, and the objective existence of art is emphasized.

It is generally believed that art is a way for people to grasp the real world, and artistic activities are a spiritual practice for people to grasp the objective objects intuitively and integrally and create artistic images in the form of symbols. Finally, it appears in the form of works of art, not only because of the artist's understanding and reflection of the objective world, but also because of subjective factors such as the artist's own feelings, ideals and values. It is a spiritual product.

The difference between art and other ideologies lies in its aesthetic value, which is its most important and basic feature. Artists express and convey their own aesthetic feelings and ideals through artistic creation, and appreciators gain aesthetic feeling through artistic appreciation to meet their own aesthetic needs. Besides aesthetic value, art also has other social functions, such as cognitive function, educational function and entertainment function. Among them, the social function of art is that people know nature, society, history and life through artistic activities, which is different from the cognitive function of science. The educational function of art is to edify and infect people with truth, goodness and beauty through artistic activities, and subtly cause profound changes in thoughts, feelings, attitudes towards life and values. It is different from moral education. The concept of artistic entertainment is that people can meet aesthetic needs and get spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic pleasure through artistic activities, which is different from physiology.

There are many kinds of art, according to different classification standards, art can be divided into the following categories:

According to the existing mode of artistic image, art can be divided into time art, space art and space-time art. Art is a kind of space art. According to the aesthetic mode of artistic image, art can be divided into auditory art, visual art and audio-visual art. Art is visual art. According to the materialized form of art, art can be divided into dynamic art and static art. Art is mainly a static art. According to the aesthetic principle of art classification, art can be divided into practical art, plastic art, performing art, language art and so on.

According to the forms of artistic image, art can be divided into performing art and copying art. Art is expressive and reproducible.

It should be pointed out that there are some differences between the East and the West in the meaning and scope of application of "art" and "fine arts". Understanding these differences will help us to better grasp their concepts and apply them.

In the west, both "art" and "fine arts" originated from Latin "art" in ancient Rome. The original meaning refers to "artificial skills" as opposed to "natural creation", and generally refers to various hand-made works of art, music, literature, drama and so on. At that time, art in a broad sense even included skills in clothing, cultivation, boxing and medical technology. In ancient Greece, the concept of art was still skill and technology, but in the fifth century BC, when painting and sculpture in ancient Greece developed to a mature stage, a set of standards of classical beauty had been basically established, which laid the foundation for the evolution of artistic significance in the future. It was not until the Renaissance that art gradually equated with "beauty". /kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, the concept system of art based on beauty was formally established, and art became the main object of aesthetics. Today, the word "art" in English is still interpreted as both "art" and "art". It can be used to refer to music, dance, literature, drama, movies and other artistic categories, and sometimes it can also be used to refer to visual arts including painting, sculpture, crafts, architecture and so on. In many western works, we can even see that the author's "art" actually refers to a part of art that China thinks: painting. And their "art" (which we translate directly as "art") still refers to poetry, music, painting, sculpture, architecture and so on.

Since the New Culture Movement in China, the word "art" has been widely used by artists and educators. When Cai Yuanpei used the word "art" at that time, it also included poetry and music. Since then, the concepts of "art" and "art" have been gradually separated in China's literary and art circles and education circles. "Art" is the general name of all art categories. It is an adult literature theme that reflects nature and society and expresses human feelings by different visual means. It includes art, music, poetry, dance, drama, movies, calligraphy and so on, as well as clothing, gardens and so on. And "art" refers to an important branch of art-that is, the visual art part.

In short, we have two words "art" and "fine arts" in Chinese, which have different meanings and different scopes. In English, there is only one word "art", which is used to refer to all kinds of arts, and can also refer to a part of all kinds of arts-fine arts, and even one aspect of fine arts-painting. This is the difference between the East and the West in the meaning and scope of application of the words "art" and "fine arts".

Art is an art that uses materials as a medium to create a rather static artistic image that occupies a certain plane or three-dimensional space. It is a social ideology that expresses the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is also a form of production.

Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which are carried out in space and express and appeal to human vision. /kloc-When this name was first used in Europe in the 0/7th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this word widely around the May 4th Movement, it also had the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 19 13, he wrote: "Art is a word ... translated from English love. People who love clouds originally came from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China translated "love" with the word "art", and the word "art" became the name specifically referring to visual arts such as painting.

Briefly describe the classification method of steel bridges. According to the stress system, bridge structure can be divided into beam bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge, rigid frame bridge and composite system bridge. The load-bearing components (beams) of beam bridges are mainly subjected to bending, the load-bearing components (arch rings) of arch bridges are mainly compressed, the load-bearing components (main cables) of suspension bridges are mainly subjected to tension, the load-bearing components (beams) of rigid-frame bridges are mainly subjected to bending and shearing, and the columns are mainly subjected to bending and compression. Different elements in the composite system bridge bear different forces, such as the compression of the arch in the tie bar, the bending of the tie beam and the tension of the suspender.

Briefly describe four classification methods of motor skills. Motor skills are generally divided into different types according to the following different standards:

First, according to whether sports skills need to use certain tools (or loads), they can be divided into instrumental sports skills and non-instrumental sports skills. Instrumental motor skill refers to the motor skill of using a certain tool (or device). For example, writing, drawing, playing ball, riding a bike, using experimental instruments and flying a plane. Non-instrumental sports skills refer to sports skills that do not require the use of some tools (or instruments). Such as boxing, walking, swimming, singing, dancing and other sports skills.

Secondly, according to the size of muscles and movements involved in motor skills, they can be divided into fine motor skills and big motor skills. Fine motor skills are mainly achieved through small muscle movements (such as wrist and finger movements), which are carried out in a narrow space and require exquisite coordination skills. Such as writing, typing, carving, embroidery, knitting and other skills. Large-scale sports skills are realized by large-scale muscle movements, which require great strength and large-scale motor skills. Such as running, swimming, playing ball and lifting weights.

Thirdly, according to the consistency of movements, it can be divided into continuous motor skills and intermittent motor skills. Continuous motor skills refer to a series of motor skills completed in a continuous and uninterrupted way. It needs to constantly adjust the external situation. Such as typing, skating, running, dancing, playing the piano, driving and other activities. Among these skills, the action lasts for a long time, and there is no obvious new starting point between actions. Discontinuous motor skills refer to skills composed of sudden movements. This motor skill only contains a short sequence, and its accuracy can be counted. Such as archery, weightlifting, shooting, javelin throwing, pressing buttons, emergency braking, etc. These skills have a short duration (generally less than 5 seconds), and the starting point and ending point of the action are clearly identifiable.

Fourth, according to the utilization degree of foreign * * *, it can be divided into closed sports skills and open sports skills. Closed motor skills refer to motor skills without reference to individual external conditions. For example, the high jump is a continuous and closed skill, because the external environment remains relatively unchanged every time an athlete tries to jump. Archery is a discontinuous closed skill. Closed sports skills generally have quite fixed action patterns. Open sports skill refers to the skill that the movement can change with the change of individual external situation. For example, playing table tennis is a continuous open skill, and drivers' emergency braking is a discontinuous open skill. Open sports skills require people to have the ability to deal with external information and predict events.

Briefly describe customer classification methods and coping skills. I think customers are generally divided into two types: one is long-term, such as companies, factories or self-employed, which can be contacted frequently and given certain discounts. The other is short-term, and you usually buy it when you feel good. I should choose some of the best quality so that my friends around me can like it when they take it out.

Three Classification Methods of China National Instrumental Music

First, play musical instruments.

The pronunciation of wind instruments in China is mostly made of bamboo or wood. According to the different ways of vibration starting, it can be divided into three categories:

The first category includes flutes, flutes (Qu Di, Bangdi), flutes, etc., which are blown into the mouthpiece by airflow, causing the vibration of the orchestral strings.

In the second category, there are suona, sea flute, pipe, double pipe, throat and other musical instruments that make the orchestral string vibrate when the airflow blows over the whistle.

The third category includes Sheng, Baosheng, Paisheng and the Eighth Five-Year Plan. Due to the different pronunciation principles, the types and timbres of musical instruments are extremely colorful and have strong personality. And because of the differences in playing skills of various instruments, as well as the differences in regions, nationalities, times and performers, wind instruments in national instrumental music have formed extremely rich playing skills in the long-term development process, with unique playing styles and genres.

Typical musical instruments:

Sheng, Lusheng, Paixiao, Hulusi, Flute, Pipe, Bawu, Lian, Suona and Xiao.

Second, play musical instruments.

The plucked instruments in China are divided into horizontal and vertical types. Horizontal styles, such as: Zheng (guzheng and tuning Zheng), guqin, dulcimer and piano solo. Vertical, such as: Pipa, Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Dongbula, Zamu Nie.

Playing musical instruments is bright and crisp. There are two ways to play the right hand: fake nails and Paizi. Most of the instruments played are rhythmic, except solo, but the aftertaste is very short, so you need to roll or turn long notes. Generally, the strength of plucked instruments does not change much. In the band, except guqin, other instruments have strong sound penetration.

In addition to single stringed instruments, plucked instruments mostly divide the pitch by code (or column), and vertically divide the pitch by phase and quality, which can be divided into two types: no phase and no quality. Generally speaking, it is easy to tune except the common zither arranged in five tones.

All kinds of playing instruments have a good effect on the playing of overtones. Besides piano solo, you can play two notes, chord, pipa and interval jump.

China's musical instrument playing styles are varied, and the names and symbols of playing techniques are not consistent.

Typical musical instruments:

Pipa, Zheng, dulcimer, lyre (guqin), Rewap, Dongbula, Ruan, Sanxian, Yueqin, playing Brin. ? l

Third, percussion instruments.

China has a wide variety of national percussion instruments, rich skills and distinctive national style.

According to their different pronunciations, they can be divided into:

1, ringing copper, such as: big gong, small gong, cloud gong, big and small cymbals, bell, etc. ;

2, ringing wood, such as: board, bangzi, wooden fish, etc.

3. Leather, such as drums, drums, drums, elephant feet drums, etc.

China's percussion music is not only a rhythmic instrument, but each percussion group can play independently, which plays an important role in setting off music content, drama plot and increasing musical expression. Western orchestras in China often use national percussion instruments.

National percussion music can be divided into fixed pitch and non-fixed pitch. There is no fixed pitch, such as drum, gong, cymbal, board, bang, bell, etc. Have a fixed pitch, such as drums, drums, cymbals, etc.

Typical musical instruments:

Tanggu (Big Drum), Ding Rinrin, Drum Drum, Fixed Tone Drum, Bronze Drum, Korean Long Drum, Big Gong and Small Gong, Small Drum, Pai Drum and Big Clam.

Fourth, play stringed instruments.

String instruments mainly refer to huqin instruments. Although its history is shorter than other national musical instruments, it is widely used in solo, ensemble, ensemble and accompaniment because of its beautiful pronunciation, rich expressive force and high playing skills and artistic level.

Most stringed instruments have two strings, and a few use four strings, such as:

Hu Si, Gehu and Ai Jieke. Snake skin, python skin, sheepskin, etc. Covered by most piano tubes; Several boards were used, such as coconut trees and banhu. A few are flat or oblate, such as, Hu, Banhu, etc. And their timbres are elegant and soft, and some are clear and bright; Some are full of vigor and vitality, cheerful personality and full of singing.

Typical musical instruments:

Erhu, Banhu, Gehu, Ma Touqin, Jinghu, Zhonghu and Gao Hu.

Seawater Quality Standard 1 Brief Introduction of Seawater Quality Classification Method

According to the different use functions and protection objectives of the sea area, the seawater quality is divided into four categories:

The first category is applicable to marine fishery waters, marine nature reserves and rare and endangered marine life reserves.

The second category is applicable to aquaculture areas, bathing beaches, marine sports or entertainment areas where people are in direct contact with seawater, and industrial water areas directly related to human consumption.

The third category applies to general industrial water use areas and coastal scenic tourist areas.

The fourth category is applicable to marine port waters and marine development operation areas.

2 seawater quality standards

Various seawater quality standards are listed in table 1.

Table 1 seawater quality standard

(mg/L)

serial number

Special investigation case

First kind

the second type

The third category

The fourth category

1

Floating substance

There should be no oil film, floating foam and other floating objects on the sea surface.

There is no obvious oil film, floating foam and other floating objects on the sea surface.

2

Color, smell and taste

Seawater should not have different colors, smells or peculiar smells.

Sea water must not have disgusting and unpleasant colors, smells or tastes.

three

suspended matter

Artificial increase ≤ 10

Artificial increase ≤ 100

Artificial increase ≤ 150

four

Escherichia coli ≤

(per liter)

10000

The water quality of shellfish culture for human consumption is ≤700.

-

five

Fecal coliforms ≤ (per liter)

2000

The water quality of shellfish culture for human consumption is ≤ 140.

-

six

pathogen

The water quality of shellfish culture for human consumption shall not contain pathogens.

seven

Water temperature (℃)

The temperature rise of artificial seawater shall not exceed 65438 0℃ in summer and 2℃ in other seasons.

The temperature rise of artificial seawater shall not exceed the local temperature at that time.

4 ℃

eight

pH value

7.8~8.5

At the same time, it shall not exceed 0.2pH unit within the normal variation range of the sea area.

6.8~8.8

At the same time, it shall not exceed 0.5pH unit within the normal variation range of the sea area.

nine

Dissolved oxygen >;

six

five

four

three

10

Chemical oxygen demand ≤(COD)

2

three

four

five

1 1

Biochemical oxygen demand ≤(BOD5)

1

three

four

five

12

Inorganic nitrogen ≤ (calculated as nitrogen)

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

13

Nonionic ammonia ≤

(in Newton)

0.020

Continued table 1

Serial number Item Category I Category II Category III Category IV

14

Active phosphate ≤

(so that the unit is Shi)

0.0 15

0.030

0.045

15

Mercury ≤

0.00005

0.0002

0.0005

16

Cadmium ≤

0.00 1

0.005

0.0 10

17

Lead ≤

0.00 1

0.005

0.0 10

0.050

18

Hexavalent chromium ≤

0.005

0.0 10

0.020

0.050

19

Total chromium ≤

0.05

0. 10

0.20

0.50

20

Arsenic ≤

0.020

0.030

0.050

2 1

Copper ≤

0.005

0.0 10

0.050

22

Zinc ≤

0.020

0.050

0. 10

0.50

23

Selenium ≤

0.0 10

0.020

0.050

24

Nickel ≤

0.005

0.0 10

0.020

0.050

25

Cyanide ≤

0.005

0. 10

0.20

26

Sulfide ≤

(in seconds)

0.02

0.05

0. 10

0.25

27

Volatile phenol ≤

0.005

0.0 10

0.050

28

Oil ≤

0.05

0.30

0.50

29

BHC ≤

0.00 1

0.002

0.003

0.005

30

DDT ≤

0.00005

0.000 1

3 1

Malathion ≤

0.0005

0.00 1

32

Methyl parathion ≤

0.0005

0.00 1

33

Benzo (a) pyrene ≤

(Microliter)

0.0025

34

Anionic surfactant (calculated as LAS)

0.03

0. 10

35

* Radiation

Sex nucleus

plain

(Bq/L)

60Co

0.03

90Sr

four

106Rn

0.2

134Cs

0.6

137Cs

0.7