What are the swimming postures and what are the action characteristics?

Common swimming postures are generally divided into freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly and backstroke. Freestyle is the fastest, breaststroke is beautiful, butterfly is the most explosive and backstroke is the least labor-saving.

1. The basic technical feature of freestyle is that the human body is prone in the water, and the head and shoulders are slightly higher than the water surface. When swimming in, the trunk rolls around the longitudinal axis of the body properly, and the arms take turns paddling to push the body forward. After the hand enters the water, the paddling route is S-shaped, and the breathing and paddling movements are coordinated. When the arm is paddling hard, use the water flow to inhale in the valley formed on both sides of the head.

Freestyle is the fastest swimming posture with reasonable structure, labor saving and small resistance.

Specifically, in the whole freestyle movement, the leg movement not only has propulsion, but also plays a role of balance, maintaining the stability of the body and coordinating the arms to do powerful paddling. The stroke arm can be divided into front cross, middle cross and back cross.

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Second, the essentials of breaststroke movements

1. The swimmer is in a sliding position and his body is close to horizontal. About 80% of the head is submerged in the water, the face is slightly forward, the arms are extended, and the palms are inclined outward.

2. The water receiving action starts from about 7~9 inches underwater, and both hands paddle horizontally. At this time, the exhalation action begins.

3. There is no obvious flexion of the arm, continue to paddle outward, and the exhalation continues to increase.

4. When the swimmer's head starts to lift slightly, the elbow joint starts to flex and the upper arm starts to rotate.

5. When the arms reach the maximum width, the elbow flexion is about 1 10 degrees, and then the elbow posture is obvious.

6. Raise your head, and when your mouth comes out of the water, finally exhale. Your hand begins to move inward to complete the final push.

7. When your arm is ready to go backwards, start inhaling. Don't pull your elbow under your ribs. Your knees will start to flex and the leg withdrawal will begin.

8. Close your mouth, inhale, bring your feet to your hips, keep your elbows extended, and keep your arms moving forward.

9. Leg return movement continues.

10. The neck bends and the head continues to tilt downward. The instep flexes, the legs begin to move backwards, the water pushes and the arms return.

1 1. Push your feet back and start to close together. Then the swimmer holds his breath until the next stroke begins.

12. Arms are fully extended, hands are slightly lower than shoulder level, and the pedaling of legs is nearly completed. When the swimmer finishes kicking, he concentrates on keeping his body in a straight line. He will keep this sliding posture for a short time, and then when he feels slower, another arm stroke cycle begins.

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Third, the basic action of modern butterfly (dolphin swimming) is that when the arms are separated after entering the water, the palms are outward and then turn to the side to paddle. At this time, keep the elbow posture high, so that the hands and forearm form a better posture to meet the water, and start paddling from front to back and from outside to inside. When paddling to the abdomen, the elbow flexion reaches the maximum, and the hands are close together. Then push the water back and forth to end the stroke. With the help of the inertia of paddling, the hands and thighs come out of the water, and the arms move forward around the semicircle from the air until they reach the front and enter the water. The water entry point is shoulder width. Leg movements, legs together in the water fluctuation. When the leg draws water, the trunk exerts force, the thigh sinks, and the knee joint bends, so that the calf and the foot surface are aimed at the water surface backwards, and then the water is pressed backwards and downwards. When the calf and foot are pressed into the water, lift the thigh in time to form a whip-like water action, and constantly push the body forward. In butterfly, the coordinated action of arms and legs is 1:2, that is, the arm strokes 1 time, the leg strokes twice, the arm strokes 1 time when entering the water, and the leg strokes for the second time when the arm strokes to the back, while raising the head and inhaling. One of the technical characteristics of modern butterfly stroke is that the body is wavy when swimming in. This is considered unreasonable for other swimming postures. But butterfly successfully uses the wave action to push the body forward. Because of this, some people once advocated the use of big waves in butterfly swimming, and some athletes have succeeded in history. However, judging from the technical development trend in recent years, many excellent butterfly swimmers have adopted the small wave swimming action.

Fourth, backstroke, the body should stretch naturally, lying on the water, the head and shoulders are slightly higher, the waist and legs are horizontal, the angle of attack formed by the longitudinal axis of the body on the horizontal plane is about 10 degrees, and the waist and legs are underwater.

Head posture plays a "rudder" role in backstroke technology, which can control the body to turn left and right. The head should be relatively stable. Don't rock up and down, but don't be too nervous about your neck muscles. The back of the head is in the water, the water level is near the ears, and the eyes are above the legs.

Waist posture When swimming backstroke, the waist muscles should be kept moderately tense, so as to avoid the body being too straight and the hips bending into a sitting position. Lift your ribs, not your chest. When swimming fast, the angle of attack of the body can raise the posture, and the athletes with higher level should not only show their shoulders and chest, but also their abdomen.

Rotation of the body When swimming backstroke, the longitudinal axis of the body should naturally roll with the strokes of the two arms, and the rolling angle is slightly different according to the individual's situation. People with good shoulder flexibility have less rollover, and vice versa, generally at an angle of about 45 degrees.

The main purpose of body rolling is to help the paddling arm in a better angle and strengthen the paddling strength; Can keep a certain depth of arm flexion and paddling; It is beneficial for the arm to come out of the water and move forward. Note that the rolling angle should not be too large, otherwise it will not only cause fatigue, but also affect the forward speed.