Photography skills of digital camera

The improvement of photography technology is the accumulation of experience, and learning from the knowledge and skills of predecessors can quickly improve our photo shooting level. In the film era, after the accumulation and convergence of countless photographers' experience, twelve simplified and most practical photography techniques have been formed. These simplified photography skills will help you cope with many difficult shooting scenes.

1. Sixteen rules of sunshine

For landscape photography, it is often impossible to obtain the best shooting effect by relying too much on the photometric results of the camera. For example, when there is a large dark field in the scene, the camera's metering system will increase the exposure, and the obtained photos will show the effect of overexposure, and the sky will become pale without any details.

At this time, if the "Sixteen Laws of Sunshine" were adopted, this would not happen. The intensity of sunlight is relatively fixed. When the camera aperture is set to f 16 and the shutter speed is set to1125 seconds (iso is 100), you can take a landscape photo with strong colors and normal exposure. According to this rule, f/22 aperture should be used in the environment with strong reflection, such as shooting on the beach. When the light is weak, such as cloudy days, F/1aperture should be used.

2. moonlight 1 1, 5.6 rule

The moon is the closest celestial body to us, and its changes are regular. Since ancient times, those beautiful legends have made people daydream about celestial bodies all the time, and at night, when you face the sky, the moon is the first to enter our field of vision. In ancient times, poets wrote poems about the moon. Nowadays, when people enjoy modern civilization, they all like to photograph the moon in their picture books.

According to professional measurement, when the full moon brightness value is ev 15, the normal visual effect can be obtained when the camera iso is set to 100, the shutter speed is1125 seconds, and the aperture is f 1 1. In half a month's time, the exposure should be quadrupled. The exposure combination can be set to iso 100, shutter 1/60s, and aperture f5.6, and even close to1sec is needed when shooting the moon bud. In detail, the brightness decreases not because of the change of their size, but because the angle of sunlight shining on the moon changes when the surplus changes. Avoid overexposure when shooting the moon. More exposure will turn into a white circle without the feeling of the moon, so it is called the moon because it has a three-dimensional effect.

3. Camera jitter rules

When you shoot with a camera in your hand, the shutter speed should not be less than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. If the shutter speed is slow, the sharpness is more likely to decrease when shooting jitter. If a focal length of 50mm is used, the shutter should be above 1/50 seconds. Only when the environment is really dark, use a flash, tripod or put the camera on a hard object to prevent jitter.

However, many digital cameras now have anti-shake function. Canon and Nikon, represented by mirror anti-shake technology, have advantages mainly in telephoto shooting ability. Using mirror anti-shake in the focal length above 135mm has obvious effect and can completely replace the three-speed safety shutter (for example, the speed can reach1/30s after the hand-held shooting shutter is turned on at 200mm).

The anti-shake advantage of the model with anti-shake function is mainly reflected in the focal length of 50-100 mm. Take the newly released Olympus e3 as an example, it can replace the 4-speed safety shutter with this focal length, that is to say, under the focal length of 100mm, the photos taken at the shutter speed of 1/8 seconds are also worthwhile.

4. Grey cardboard rule 18% medium grey cardboard

Grey board is a sharp weapon for shooting. But what if I don't have a gray board on me? You can spread the back of your hand (the palm is too white, and the color of the back of your hand is close to your face) to the sun, measure the light on the back of your hand, and add another exposure.

5. The depth of field after the depth of field rule is twice that of the foreground.

When the subject is deep, the focus should be in front of 1/3 of the depth of field, because the depth of field after focusing is twice as large as before. This rule can be used in various combinations of aperture and focal length. Remember, the smaller the aperture, the shorter the focal length, and the farther away from the subject, the greater the depth of field.

6. Fast flash output rules

For ordinary users, the special hot shoe ttl flash is expensive, and many people switch to the universal interface hot shoe flash, the price is only 100 yuan. Take the domestic Yin Yan flash as an example. The price of by28a is about 160 yuan, but it is an automatic flash with automatic metering.

When we need to take outdoor backlight portrait photos, in order to ensure the details of the sky and the uniform light ratio of the dark face under backlight conditions, we need to fill the face with a flash.

Take by28a as an example, we set the sensitivity of the flash to be twice that of the camera iso (such as camera iso 100 and flash iso400). The camera adopts aperture priority exposure, and the aperture selected by the camera should be consistent with the aperture set on the flash. Exposure According to the brightness of the sky, the brightness of the face in the shadow area after flash illumination is usually one step lower than the brightness of the sky, and the overall light ratio of the photo is very suitable.

7. Capture the dynamic law

This rule is based on the empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with the shutter of1125, then its movement behind the lens axis can be captured with 1/500 seconds. That is to say, when the object moves 45 degrees along the lens axis, it only needs a shutter speed of 1/250.

8. Sunset Rules

When shooting a sunset, measure the light above the sunset, but don't let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to look an hour later than it really is, you can reduce the exposure compensation by one step.