What's with the Russian name? Recently, I watched Daddy's Daughters, such as Genoa, why is she also called Yevgenya? Vasniezova,

The full name of a Russian is composed of three parts: the first name, the father's name and the surname. The gender difference between men and women is generally manifested in the change of the suffix. In addition, there are various nicknames, nicknames and nicknames.

First, Russian names

In ancient Russia, any word could be used as a person's name. People regarded names as an inseparable part of themselves, and thought that happiness or success, illness or death, strength or weakness were often associated with names. At that time, people's names were more muddy names and nicknames, and they were varied. Some names reflect parents' emotions and their feelings for their children. For example, "Ritan" comes from the word "waiting", which means "looking forward to children";

"Miriya" comes from the word "dear", which means "lovely child". Some names are taken according to a child's appearance, such as "Kudrya Shi"-a child with curly hair, "Loban"-a person with a high or wide forehead. Some names indicate the birth order of children or their status in the family, such as "Belfshka"-the first child, "Tauriac"-the second child, "Oginez"-the only son,

"Balshak"-the eldest son and "Menshak"-the youngest son. If a child is born in spring, he will often be named "Vishnyak" because this season is the time when cherry blossoms are in full bloom; And if a child is born in winter, it will often be named "Moros", which means cold. Some names are associated with a person's occupation, such as "Keremiaka", which means that the person is a cobbler. Some names are related to the names of plants and animals. Some names are associated with bad and unattractive things, which are derogatory. For example, "Grieznuha" comes from the word "dirty" and "Zahwoki" comes from the word "sick". These ugly names are preventive and protect children from evil and death. Ancient Russians believed that evil gods were not interested in children with such names and would not harm them. These ugly names could even scare some evil gods and protect the safety of children.

at the end of the 1th century, Gulos, a descendant of the Orthodox Church. Archduke Vladimir married the princess of Byzantium and made the Orthodox Church the state religion. Since then, Russia has begun an era of Orthodox rule. At the same time, the custom of taking the Christian name by the church at baptism also spread to Russia. That is to say, according to the regulations of the church, the child must be named at the time of baptism, and the name taken is the name of the god celebrated on this day or within a few days between birth and baptism. This canon name is recorded in the church calendar, so it is also called calendar name. All other names are declared as non-canonical names and are not allowed to be given to children. Therefore, from the end of the 1th century, church names gradually replaced ancient Russian names. By the 17th-19th century, ancient Russian names had been completely forgotten and stopped being used. In this way, before the October Revolution, all children in Russia took church names. Therefore, in the past, Russians were not free to name their children, and the range of names was quite narrow. Most children's names were taken from more than 2 most commonly used names. According to statistics, 24 boys in every thousand are named "Ivan" and 2 girls in every thousand are named "Maria". These names are derived from ancient Greek, Roman, ancient Egyptian, ancient Jewish and other languages.

In daily life, people don't pay much attention to the meaning and origin of personal names, but every name, like other words, has its own history and original meaning. Almost all the names from ancient Greek emphasize people's spiritual or physical advantages, such as Andre-brave, yevgeny-noble,

Gregory-energetic, Leonid-lion-like, Yekaterina-pure and yelena. Most Latin names also indicate good personal qualities, such as "Victor"-the winner,

"Valentin"-healthy, "Victoria Tarier"-vital, "Natalia"-natural, "Marina"-marine. The difference between ancient Jewish names and ancient Greek and Latin names lies in their attitude towards God, such as "Daniel"-God's Court, "Ivan"-God's gift, "Ilya"-God's power, "Yeli Zaveta"-God's worshipper,

"Maria"-God's love. Russian and Slavic names also have their own common meanings, such as "Wajim"-the boor, "Boris"-fighting for glory, "Rada"-lovely, "lyudmila"-loving people. In a word, Russian church names come from abroad and have gradually become popular and used in Russia since the 1th century.

A name category used by priests, especially monks, was formed during the period of Russia, and priests and monks had to change their secular names to monks' names. The name kirill, the founder of Slavic alphabet, is the name of a monk, and his secular name is "Constantine". The names of such monks are gradually separated, and secular people almost no longer use them, such as Nikon, Andlau Nick and Balacchi. However, monk names use the same letters as secular names.

After the October Revolution, the church was separated from the state and schools, and parents were given the right to freely name their children. Most people don't pay attention to the content of children's names, as long as they sound beautiful, and some are names with commemorative significance or parents' earnest hopes and good wishes. As a result, some names that had not been seen before the October Revolution appeared. The creation of new names is manifested in several aspects: firstly, parents began to form new names themselves, trying to reflect new events and new ideas, such as "Revmira"-world revolution, "Levjett"-children of revolution, "Oktobrina"-October Revolution, "Ninier"-"Lenin" and so on. Secondly, foreign names were widely used, especially for girls, such as Evelina, Eliza, Jonah and Diana, and of course, for boys, such as Tome, Eduarte and Emile. For example, the name "Juliet" comes from Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. In the 193s, the fashion of giving children foreign names reached its climax. Thirdly, some ancient Slavic names began to revive, such as Stanislav, Lyubova and Willistov. In short, giving children new names became a fashion at that time. Many people gave their children names with specific meanings, trying to avoid meaningless letter combinations and make people understand its meaning. However, in Russian, the tradition that names have nothing to do with meaning is deeply rooted, and many people are still not used to new names. Not all children adopt new names, but most children still adopt traditional names.

which names are the most common in Russia? In different regions, even different classes, the most popular names are different. Among the peasants, the most common names are: gavrila, Yemenliyan, Danja, Malhua, Gerasim and Alina, which can be found everywhere in literary works. In the works of literary giants such as H·A· Necrasov and H·C· Turgenev, farmers are called in this way. Even now, elderly people with such names can be seen in the countryside. In cities, this kind of name is rare. This name is often associated with the image of oppression in the countryside in the past, so no one wants to give children this name now. However, names such as Nikolai, Alexander, Ivan, Peter, Anna and Maria do not bear the imprint of a specific class. All people, regardless of class, from princes and nobles to ordinary people, can be seen among farmers, citizens and workers, and are widely used. The most common name of Russians is Ivan, and one of the gods in folklore is Ivan Kupala. The Summer Solstice Festival of Eastern Slavs is called Ivan Festival, which is a festival to pray for harvest, health and happiness. Therefore, Ivan is often synonymous with Russia. There are not many names commonly used by Russians, only dozens.

Russian names are gender-specific.

The Russian name is equivalent to the China name, which is the official name. In addition, there are nicknames and nicknames. A nickname means caressing and is a kind of nickname, so it can also be called a nickname to show love. The relationship between big names and nicknames and nicknames is fixed, that is, what big names are, there are corresponding nicknames and nicknames. Nicknames are evolved from nicknames. Different suffixes can be added to the same name, so a name can have several nicknames and nicknames. Because nicknames often end with-α and-я, it is difficult to determine the gender of this nickname according to them. For example, "Shania" and "Sasha" are both nicknames of "Alexander" and "Alexandra";

"Walia" is not only the nicknames of "Valentin" and "Valenli", but also the nicknames of "Valentin Na" and "Valenlia". Nicknames and nicknames are sometimes mixed, and there is no strict difference, depending on the relationship, habits and circumstances between the two parties.

Nicknames are a kind of casual and impolite address. Most of them are formed by adding ка (card) after the first name or nickname, such as "Abulasha", which is called "Abulashka", and so on.

nicknames are not official names, but names in passports, personal documents and household registration books are official names, which are big names. People should use big names in formal occasions.

second, the father's name and surname

(1) the father's name

the father's name is a part of the full name of a person. This is one of the characteristics of Russian names.

the composition of the father's name is: men add suffixes-ич,-ович,-евич (transliteration is-Yiqi,-Ovich,-Yevich respectively) after the father's name, and women are in. Such as Peter-Petrovich (son of Peter), Petrovna (daughter of Peter); Andre-Andrevich (son of Andre), andreyev Na (daughter of Andre), etc.

In ancient times, the suffix-ич did not refer to the father's name, but to the chick of an animal, which could be added after a common noun; Words ending with suffixes such as-ович are not the father names at first, but common nouns for nobles and religious children. In ancient times, when people called their sons by their father's name, they could add suffixes-ич,-ович,-евич after their father's name. They are just letters that indicate that this is someone's son, and they are not father's names in a completely modern sense.

(II) Surname

Everyone has a surname, which has been handed down from generation to generation and should be used in all official documents. Therefore, the surname is the most important social symbol of a person and an important part of the name. But before the 14th century, Russians didn't have surnames. The spread of surnames in Russia has gone through a rather complicated and long process. The word "surname" is Latin, which was introduced into Russian by Peter the Great after studying Western Europe. In Russian, "surname" was originally used to mean "family", but it was only in the 19th century that "surname" gradually gained a second meaning, and then became an inheritable family surname, which was combined with personal names. From the 14th century to the mid-16th century, archduke and nobles began to use surnames. During the 16th and 17th centuries, landlords and rich families formed surnames, while ordinary people, except the famous wealthy people of Yin and Shang dynasties, did not finalize their surnames until the early 19th century. Even the surnames of monks were determined in the 18th and early 19th centuries, while most serfs did not have surnames until the mid-19th century. Therefore, the surname was originally a privilege of the upper nobility.

Before surnames appeared, fathers' names and nicknames were widely used by Russian ancestors. Later, these fathers' names and nicknames evolved into various surnames, which were handed down from generation to generation in each family. Nicknames are names given to people for jokes, sarcasm and other reasons, which generally indicate certain characteristics of the person's personality, appearance, actions and so on. Nickname is an informal supplementary name among people who are familiar with each other in a narrow circle, and it is used in spoken language. Therefore, those who give people nicknames are relatives, friends and neighbors who live and work with him. In Russia, all people have nicknames. Even now, nicknames are still popular among children and minors. For example, a girl named Stolonikova may get the nickname "Balalaika" because Balalaika is a stringed instrument with strings on it, and the sound of the strings is "Stolona", which is similar to the girl's surname; And a boy named yevgeny may have been nicknamed "onegin", the protagonist in this literary masterpiece.

There is another kind of nickname in Russia, which can be used in three ways: the first is the name of the animal that lives with people, such as Salik (dog), Vasika (cat), Vikhri (horse) and so on; The second is the aliases of some members of secret organizations; The third is an informal joke name that represents a person, that is, a nickname. Many Russian surnames are derived from nicknames. For example, a man with white hair was nicknamed "Beryake" (White Rabbit) by his neighbors based on his head. This person's children are often called Beryake's children, and over time, it became his surname-Berekov, which was passed down from generation to generation, although the hair of people with this surname may be dark brown now. Another example is that some people are called "Petukh" (rooster) because of their belligerence, while others are called "Juravle" (crane) because of their long legs, and these nicknames gradually become surnames-Petuhoff, Zhuravlev, etc.

Russian surnames can not only consist of the evolution of nicknames, but also various forms of personal names can be used as the basis of surnames, which makes Russian surnames more diverse. "Vassili" is a popular Russian name, which comes from Greek. By this name and its various forms, more than 5 surnames with different emotional colors are formed, while the name "Ivan" can form more than 1 different surnames. There are also many Russian surnames made up of paternal names.

The surnames of Russian clergy are quite distinctive. Some of them use the names of the churches they serve as surnames, such as Trotsky (The Three Saints' Church) and Pogoloff Ski (The Church of Our Lady). Many priests' surnames often end with-ский (й), which is an imitation of the surnames of Ukraine and Belarus, because at that time, many priests from Ukraine and Belarus worked in church management departments or taught in church schools, and surnames ending with-ский were the most typical surnames of clergy. Some children already have surnames, but once they enter the church school, their original surnames are followed by-ский, such as Ivanov becomes Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky; If the child has no surname, add-ский after his father's name. If his father's name is Fedoroff, his surname is Fedorowski. Sometimes the root of the surname is translated into Latin, and then-ский is added, such as Nadeshkin, whose original meaning is "hope" and translated into Latin.