Complete collection of detailed information of yellow-billed egret

Yellow-billed Egret (scientific name: Egret), also known as Bailao and Tang Egret, is a rare waterfowl and a medium-sized wading bird. It is 46-65cm long and weighs 320-650g. Male and female feathers are similar in color and white all over. The mouth, neck and feet are very long. In summer, the mouth is orange-yellow, the eyes are blue first, and the feet are black. From the top of the head to the pillow, there are many clusters of white feathers. There are long withering feathers on the back, belonging to two families, extending backward beyond the tail end, and the withering feathers at the base of the front neck hang down to the lower chest. There are four toes, yellow, three in front and one in the back; The front and rear toes are on the same plane, and the root of the front toe is webbed. In winter, the mouth is dark brown, the base of the lower mouth is yellow, the eyes are yellow-green, the feet are yellow-green, and there are no long feathers on the back, shoulders and front neck. The iris is yellow and the claws are black.

Habitat in coastal cliff trees, intertidal zones, salt pans and inland forests, river banks and rice fields, feeding on fish, shrimp and frogs, has the habit of building nests in groups and breeding with pond herons, night herons and ox egrets.

It mainly breeds in the Russian Far East, North Korea, South Korea and eastern China, and overwinters mainly in the Philippines, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra and Vietnam.

It has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Birds in the World and the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals by the International Bird Protection Committee, and is a national second-class protected animal.

(Overview Source:)

Basic introduction of Chinese names: Egretta eulophotes Latin scientific names: Tang Egret and Bailaojie: Animal kingdom: Chordata phylum: Vertebrate phylum: ornithopoda: Oncology: Ceratoidea: Egretta: Egret subspecies: single species, no subspecies differentiation. ? Name time: Swinhoe, 1860 English name: China Egret English name: Swinhoe Egret protection level: vulnerable (), red list from IUCN, botany history, morphological characteristics, living habits, breeding methods, habitats, distribution range, risk factors and protection level, from 65438 to 0976, China ornithologist Zheng reported that the yellow-billed egrets distributed in Lushun and Yalu River in the northeast, Qingdao in Shandong Province, Donghai in Jiangsu Province and Shaweishan Island were once common summer migratory birds in the southern coastal areas, but with human interference and shrinking habitat, the number of yellow-billed egrets became less and less. 1990 and 1992, the Asian waterfowl survey organized by the International Waterfowl Research Bureau showed that 143 yellow-billed egrets were in China 1992 and 448 in Southeast Asia, totaling 59 1. Morphological characteristics The yellow-billed egret is a medium-sized wading bird. It is 46-65cm long and weighs 320-650g. The body is slender and slender, and the mouth, neck and feet are very long. The body feathers are white, and the colors of male and female feathers are similar. The iris is light yellow and the legs are black. Young birds have no slender feathers, a brown beak but a yellow base, and yellow-green skin on their legs and eyes. There are slender feathers in the breeding season: the crown feathers on the back are long and dense, the shoulder feathers extend to the tail but the two ends are straight, and the lower neck feathers are long and pointed, covering the chest; The mouth is yellow, the legs are yellow, the reproductive surface is blue, the iris is yellowish brown, the mouth is black, the lower base is yellow, and the foot is yellow-green to blue-green. Living habits include nesting in groups, building old nests and breeding with pond herons, night herons and cattle egrets. It can fly to the breeding ground in late April, lay eggs in May, with 2-5 eggs per nest, incubation period of 24-26 days, brooding period of 35-40 days, and migrate south for wintering in June at 5438+ 10. Spring and autumn migration activities are carried out in April and June of each year165438+1October. Mainly feed on all kinds of small fish, and also eat animal food such as shrimp, crab, tadpole and aquatic insects. It is usually pecked while walking by the river, salt field or paddy field. Its long mouth, long neck and long legs are very convenient for preying on animals in the water. When it preys, it wades gently, keeping its eyes on the small animals moving in the water, and then suddenly pecks into the water with its long mouth, pecking the food into its mouth accurately. Sometimes they often stand by in the water, waiting for an opportunity to prey on passing fish. Cry: Silence at ordinary times, croak in a low voice when frightened. Breeding methods During the breeding period from May to July every year, the strange behavior of the yellow-billed egret is even more interesting. Generally adult male herons have their own territory, which is sacred and inviolable. When a female heron invades its territory, the male heron will show her crown feathers, withering feathers and chest feathers warily to threaten. At this time, the female heron must wait patiently. When the male heron shrinks his feathers and allows the female heron to stay at his side, the love between them is the prelude. At first, the two sides looked at each other silently, their mouths collided, and then they both took off and soared in the air for a long time. After flying back to branches or rocks, they chase each other and sometimes dance to each other to show their love and trust. After the female heron lays eggs, the male and female birds should guard the eggs in shifts and never allow other birds to enter their territory. In 2003, the reproductive ecology of the walker camel yellow-billed egret in Shicheng Township, Liaoning Province was observed. * * * Found 1 14 breeding nest. The breeding population began to move in mid-April, and the breeding time was concentrated in mid-May. The spawning period of 89% nests is between May 4th and July 2nd, and the average spawning period is May16 (n =114) 0. The nests are mainly built at the bottom of shrubs, and the roots and slopes of shrubs jointly support 54 nests. Support 26 nests with protruding rocks and slopes; Hanging nests supported by bush branches *** 13 nests, which are 40 24cm high from the ground; The crypt is *** 16, and the other three crypts are built on protruding rocks. Among the observed nests 1 14, 2 eggs were 5 nests (4.4}), 3 eggs were 23 nests (20.2%), 4 eggs were 8 1 nest (7 1. 1%). The average brood number is 3.8 and 0.7 per pair, and the typical brood number is 4. The average incubation period is 28.6+0.3d (25-3 1} n = 42). There is a significant negative correlation between the number of eggs laid and the spawning period (RS-0.25 1, P < 0.0 1, n= 1 14), and the number of eggs laid by mating in the later stage is relatively low. The hatching time of eggs in different sequences is significantly different, and the interval between spawning is 2. Of0.6d (1-5, N= 136), the hatching interval of eggs in adjacent sequences was significantly different. Young birds start to move around the nest at the age of 24, can fly away from the nest for a short distance at around 30, and live independently at the age of 45. The success rate of nesting is 75}, and the survival number of chicks in 25 nests is 2.2/nest. The hatching behavior of egrets is a typical asynchronous hatching mode, and the nesting behavior has adapted to the local island habitat. The interference of photographers is the main reason that affects the reproductive success of egret population at present. Habitat environment of breeding population of yellow-billed egret: The yellow-billed egret inhabits coastal islands, coasts, bays, estuaries, rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, rice fields and swamps near the coast. You can see individual, paired or integrated small group activities, and occasionally dozens of large groups are together. Fly to streams, rivers, salt fields and rice fields near the coast for activities and foraging during the day, and fly to coastal mountainous areas for rest at night. Often one foot stands in the water, the other foot bends under the abdomen, the head shrinks back into a hunchback shape, and stands still for a long time, with light and steady steps, which makes it look leisurely. Distribution: It used to be widely distributed, but now it is rare. Breeding in Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong and Jiangsu coastal islands. Breeding in Hainan Island was recorded in the past, and breeding in Hong Kong stopped at 1980. The reason for the decline is that people collected their silky feathers at the end of last century, but the population has not fully recovered so far. Records show that missing birds have been found in the distant coastal areas of Hebei and Liaoning. It was discovered in Xisha Islands during migration. Distribution of Egrets with Yellow Mouth: Global Endangerment. It breeds in coastal islands in western Korea and some islands in eastern China and Liaodong Peninsula. Overwintering mainly in the Philippines, rarely to Borneo and Malay Peninsula. China distribution: Lushun, Yalu River, Shandong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong and Hainan in the southeast of China, all of them are travelers or occasional species. Liaoning Donggou, Jinxian, Dalian, Lushun (Snake Island, Haimao Island), Changhai County (Guanglu Island), Xinyang, Henan, Xichuan, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Dabie Mountain North Slope and Danjiangkou Reservoir in Suzhou, and summer migratory birds are found in the northern coastal area of Guangxi Beibu Gulf. Wenling, Ruian, Wencheng, Dongtou and Yueqing in Zhejiang, and Chifeng in Inner Mongolia are tourist birds. Mainly distributed in Hebei, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan Province and Hong Kong, and distributed in the following protected areas: Jinsheng Lake, Neilingding Island-Futian, Dongzhaigang Mangroves, Dongzhai Bird, Jigongshan, Xingkai Lake and John Wan Dajia. Rongcheng Swan Lake, Luya Mountain, Lingkong Mountain, Lishan Mountain, Lugu Lake (Yunnan), Hengshui Lake Wetland and Birds, and Nanjing South Asia Tropical Rainforest are distributed in Changbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Wuzhishan Mountain, Shijiu Lake and other mountains and lakes. They are distributed abroad: in Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Myanmar and Thailand, mainly in Palawan, Philippines, Sarawak, Malaysia, Jambi and South Indonesia. The reasons for the rapid decline of the endangered factor, the Yellow-billed Egret, are as follows: First, the development of coastal aquaculture and the exploitation and utilization of natural resources by human beings, especially the excessive reclamation of breeding grounds and wetlands and the coastal development of wintering areas, which have seriously damaged the habitat of the Yellow-billed Egret; Second, during the breeding and spawning season of the yellow-billed egret, fishermen and foreign tourists often go to the island for sightseeing and pick up bird eggs, which leads to the failure of the yellow-billed egret to complete its breeding activities; Third, at the end of 19, people collected and traded the silk feathers of the yellow-billed egrets, and killed them in large quantities, which led to a sharp decline in the number of the yellow-billed egrets, which has not been restored so far. Protection level CITES endangered level: unlisted, effective year: 1997IUCN endangered level: endangered, effective year: 1996 IUCN endangered level: VU C 1, effective year: 2003 national key protection level: II. Effective year: 1989.