Basic introduction of Confucius Temple

Confucius Temple belongs to the famous tourist destination of Jining archaeological site.

Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a thinker, politician and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period in China feudal dynasty. It is located in the center of Qufu. It is a group of ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and magnificent momentum.

The Confucius Temple began one year after the death of Confucius (478 BC). Disciples set up the main hall where they lived as a temple, and worshipped it at the age of 18. At that time, there were only three temple houses, which contained clothes, crowns, pianos, cars and books used by Confucius before his death. Since then, successive dynasties have continued to expand. In the first year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 153), Emperor Huan ordered the construction of Confucius Temple, and Kong He was appointed as the temple keeper and erected a monument in the temple. In the second year of Wei and Huang Dynasties (AD 22 1 year), Emperor Cao Pi wrote to build an ancient temple in Lu County, but the scale of the Confucius Temple was not very large at that time. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the temple looked deserted. In the first year of Xinghe in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (AD 539), the Confucius Temple was restored, and a statue was carved, with ten sons standing beside it, which was the beginning of the statue of Confucius Temple. In the early Tang Dynasty, in addition to building the Duke of Zhou Temple and Confucius Temple in imperial academy, the capital's highest institution of learning, the emperor also built Confucius temples in various counties. The temple was built five times in Tang Dynasty and seven times in Northern Song Dynasty. The biggest one was in the second year of Song Zhenzong Tianxi (A.D. 10 18), and the old system was expanded ... 3 16 hall was expanded. It was repaired four times in Jin Dynasty, six times in Yuan Dynasty and 2 1 time in Ming Dynasty. The biggest one was in the 12th year of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1499), when the Confucius Temple was struck by lightning, more than 20 main buildings such as Dacheng Hall were reduced to ashes. Zhu hurriedly ordered the reconstruction, which lasted for five years and cost 152000 yuan. Confucius Temple was built 14 times in Qing Dynasty. The biggest one was in the second year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1724), when the Confucius Temple was destroyed by thunder and fire. Besides visiting the ancestral temple, Sejong Yin Zhen also sent money to ministers and other supervisors to supervise the restoration work. The scale of the temple system, as well as sacrificial vessels and objects, make these pictures available, and relatives intend to teach them. In order to speed up the project progress, it took 6 years to mobilize 12 government, state and county to order supervision and maintenance. Historically, the Confucius Temple was overhauled 15 times, moderately repaired 3 1 time, and slightly repaired hundreds of times, which finally formed such a grand scale at present.

Now the scale of Confucius Temple was completed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The building imitates the palace system and is divided into nine courtyards, which run through a north-south central axis and are symmetrically arranged left and right. The whole building complex includes five halls, one pavilion, one altar and two halls 17 Pavilion 466 Pavilion, which were built in Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Confucius Temple covers an area of about 200 mu, with a length of 1 km from north to south. Surrounded by high walls, there are gates and watchtowers. Yellow tile red walls, carved beams and painted buildings, forest of steles, towering ancient trees. In Song Dynasty, Lv Mengzheng wrote: "Cloud walls, wide cornices, heavy doors, wide openings and unique floors. ..... This huge building complex with oriental architectural features, with its large area, majestic spirit, long time and integrity, is called the only isolated case in the history of world architecture by ancient architects. It embodies the blood and sweat of thousands of workers in past dynasties and is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people in China.

Jin Shengyu Zhen Fang

Mencius once commented on Confucius: Confucius was called a masterpiece. One Lord, Jin Yin, Yu Zhen also. Jinyin is also the beginning; Yu Zhen is a human being, and he is finally organized. Jin Sheng and Yu Zhen show the whole process of playing music, from ringing the bell (Jin Sheng) to knocking the pot (Yu Zhen). It symbolizes Confucius' thought as a master of ancient sages, and praises Confucius' great contribution to culture. Therefore, later generations named the first stone workshop in front of the Confucius Temple as Jinshengyu Town.

Stone carving in Zhen Fang, Jin Shengyu, with four locks of stone drums, four octagonal pillars decorated with lotus thrones, each of which is carved with a quaint one-horned monster, commonly known as Chaotian Roar. In the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1538), the famous calligrapher Hu Maozong wrote four Chinese characters: Golden Sound and Jade Zhen, and the forehead on both sides was lightly engraved with Yunlong Play Beads. Behind the square is a single-hole stone arch bridge. The bridge deck is the stone steps where Erlong plays with pearls. Under the bridge, clear water bypasses the semicircle, which is the plate of water. Unfortunately, the dish water was blocked by stones, and only the dish water existed alone. There is a stone tablet in the east and west behind the bridge, which was built in the second year of Chang (A.D. 1 19 1). The official engraved on it dismounted at this moment. It is said that all the officials and ordinary people passing by in those days had to get off the sedan chair to show their respect, and even the emperor had to offer sacrifices to Confucius, showing the dignity of the Confucius Temple.

Lingxingmen

Ling Xing, also known as Xing, was praised by scholars and scholars in ancient times. In ancient times, the spirit star should be sacrificed first. The name of Confucius Temple is Ling Xing, which means that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven.

Lingxingmen is behind Panshui Bridge, with four rooms and three rooms. Stone pillars and iron beams are cast with 12 faucet valves. Four circular stone pillars are decorated with auspicious clouds, and a dazzling heavenly general is carved at the top. The forehead is carved with a flame orb. In the Ming Dynasty, the forehead is composed of two layers of stone slabs. The lower layer is engraved with three characters of the Star Gate inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, and the upper layer is engraved with brocade patterns. This gate was made of wood in the Ming Dynasty, and it was easy to use stone when it was rebuilt in the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1754).

The second square is built in Lingxingmen, and Taihe Yuan Qi Square is built in the south. This square was built in the spring of the 23rd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1544), and its shape is the same as that of Jinsheng Yuzhen Square. The inscription on Fang's forehead is written by the Governor of Shandong Province, praising Confucius' thought that "everything in the world is born". To the north is Zhisheng Temple Square, engraved with seal script. In the Ming Dynasty, the square was originally engraved with the word Xuansheng Temple, which became its current name in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1729). The square is carved with white marble, with three rooms and four columns, the columns are decorated with auspicious clouds, and the square is decorated with flame orbs.

In order to praise the far-reaching influence of Confucius' thought on our society, later generations used words such as "virtue and heaven" and "Taoist temple in ancient and modern times", which meant that his contribution was as great as victory and his thoughts were the best in ancient and modern times. So two symmetrical wooden archways were built on the left and right sides of the first courtyard of Confucius Temple, with the theme of Deyi Tiandi in the east and Taoist temple in the west, which is the first side door of Confucius Temple. These two workshops were built in the early Ming Dynasty, and they have obvious style of the times. The building is made of wood structure, with three rooms, four columns and five floors, yellow glazed tiles, wishful arch, 13 steps for bay, 9 steps for bay and 5 steps for small roof. There are eight stone monsters under the square. The four Tianlu in the middle, swinging their tails, have long claws on their necks; Four evil spirits on both sides glared and twisted their necks, with strange images.

Shengshimen

According to Mencius, Mencius said: "Bo Yi, the sage is pure; Yi Yin, a saint; Liu Xiahui, holy and also; Confucius, even in the sacred time. Confucius is the most suitable saint for the times. On this basis, in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty decided to name the main entrance of Confucius Temple as Shengshimen. Shengshimen was built in the 13th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 15), with 3 rooms. During the Hongzhi period, it was expanded to 5 rooms and 3 coupons. The top of Biwa Society is surrounded by crimson walls, with coupons on apricot walls and stone carvings on the front and back stone steps. Looking from the arch, people feel deep and unpredictable.

After passing through the holy gate, I was suddenly enlightened, and a huge courtyard appeared, with dense cypresses, green trees and lush grass. There are three arch bridges across the surface, a water crossing, blue lotus leaves and exquisite stone fences carved around the water surface. Water flows around like a wall, hence the name "wall water" and the name of the bridge "wall water bridge".

There are east and west gates in the south of the bridge, and the tunnels are connected. Dong Bian shows the door quickly, and Li Bo is like a phoenix in jing xing, which is the first time. Bian Xi Yanggaomen is taken from the Migao language in The Analects of Confucius, praising Confucius' profound knowledge. This is the second side door of Confucius Temple. In the past, only emperors were allowed to enter through the main entrance, and ordinary people could only enter the temple through the high gate.

Hongdaomen

To the north of Bishui Bridge is Hongdaomen, which is the gate of Confucius Temple in the tenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1377). In the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, it was named after praising Confucius and expounding the ways of Tang and Zhou Gong according to The Analects of Confucius. There are two yuan monuments under the door. The Monument to the East Fourth Mausoleum is a chronicle of the evolution of Qufu County, which records the changes and evolution of Qufu. The Western Monument has a high historical value. It is the tomb table of Mr. Chu Wang of Chu Shi, which has considerable calligraphy value. Moved to Confucius Temple for safekeeping on 1966.

Dazhong gate

After the Dazhong Gate, you enter the fourth courtyard of Confucius Temple. The courtyard is spacious, the ancient trees are lush, birds gather in summer, storks fly and cranes dance, egrets dance, magpies crow in winter and spring, and the faint crows crow at night, which is very deep.

Dazhong Gate, formerly known as Zhonghemen, is longer and narrower than Hong Men, with five rooms. Originally the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt during Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty, and this gate was built in Qing Dynasty. There is one on the left and right of the gate, which was built in the second year of Yuan to Shun (AD 133 1) to make the Confucius Temple majestic as a palace. There are three turrets, which are flat scales and stand on a square platform. There is a path inside the platform to get up and down. The northeast and northwest watchtowers of Wamiao form a huge rectangle for guarding.

Kuiwenge

When you enter the Dazhong Gate, you will meet Wentong Gate. The gatehouse is 5 rooms wide and 2 rooms deep, with a yellow tile resting on the top of the mountain and a sparse layout of the bucket arch. In the early Qing Dynasty, this gate had the same name, but it was changed to this name after Shunzhi.

After the Tongwen Gate, a tall pavilion rose at the northern end of the courtyard, surrounded by dragons under the eaves, and the word Kuiwenge was written on a wooden plaque. It is the Confucius Temple Library, which is famous at home and abroad for its rich collection of books and unique architecture.

Kuiwen Pavilion was built in the second year of Song Tianxi (A.D. 10 18). When the library building Jin Zhangzong was rebuilt in the second year of Ming Chang (A.D. 1 19 1), it was renamed Kuiwen Pavilion, and the Qing Emperor Qianlong wrote the plaque again. Wei Xiao is the star name, one of the 28 hotels. The head of White Tiger Westward Journey has 16 stars, which are crooked and hooked, like a picture of words. Therefore, The Book of Filial Piety is called Wei Xiao's main work, and later generations further turned Wei Xiao (Wei Xiao) into a civilian head. Later feudal emperors praised Confucius, so they named the library of Confucius Temple Kuiwenge.

Kuiwen Pavilion is 23.35m high, 30. 1 m wide and 7.62m deep. It is on the top of Huangwashe Mountain, with three cornices and four floors. There are two layers inside, with a dark layer in the middle and a laminated frame. Put a bucket on the bottom wooden post, and erect an upper wooden post on the bucket. Kuiwen Pavilion is reasonable in structure, strong and abnormal. Since the reconstruction in the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1504), it has experienced ups and downs for hundreds of years and has been shaken by many earthquakes. Although the earthquake in the Kangxi period caused the human house in Qufu to fall down nine times, there was only one left, but the solid circumstantial evidence of Kuiwen Pavilion was still intact and stood tall, and it was worthy of being one of the famous ancient wooden structures in China. The stone tablet that recorded the earthquake in Kangxi period in Tingxi Pavilion is conclusive circumstantial evidence of Kuiwen Pavilion. There are two stone tablets in front of the pavilion and Kuiwen Pavilion in the east, which was written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in Ming Dynasty, and Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. The Secretary of West Kuiwen Pavilion records the situation that Emperor Zhengde ordered the Ministry of Ritual to rebuild the collection of books in Ming Dynasty.

There are two imperial tablet pavilions in front of Kuiwen Pavilion, and there are four Ming Dynasty imperial tablets inside and outside the pavilion. Each building is more than 6 meters high and 2 meters wide, and the turtle under the monument is 1 meter high. There are dragons carved on the monument, circling around the sun and lifelike. The content of the inscription is mostly Zun Kong. Rebuilding the Confucius Temple Monument in the southeast open air. Founded by Ming Xianzong and Zhu Jianshen. The inscription strongly advocates Confucius' thought. I only follow Confucius' way, and there is no shortage of people in the world. Regular script, with dignified style and rigorous structure, is famous for its exquisite calligraphy. The stone tablet was established in the fourth year of Chenghua (AD 1468), which is called Chenghua Stone Tablet in history.

On the east and west sides of this courtyard, there is an independent courtyard, called ZhaiZhai, where worshippers fast and bathe before offering sacrifices to Confucius. The East Courtyard is the guest house of the Duke of Feast. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong offered sacrifices and bathed Confucius here, which was also called "Residency". There is an exhibition of Confucius' life story in the world. The abandoned West Courtyard in the middle of Qing Dynasty left only the courtyard. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the seventieth generation of Confucius' grandson collected more than 65,438+030 inscriptions from the temples of the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Confucius Temple and renamed them steles. Still a vibrant Wen Ya; Or dignified and elegant, unpretentious Gu Zhuo; There are many fine products.

Shisan pavilion

Kuiwen Pavilion is the sixth courtyard of Confucius Temple. There are 13 stone pavilions in the courtyard, which are divided into two rows, 8 in the south and 5 in the north. The eaves are high and the teeth are high, and the yellow tiles are shining. In order to preserve the imperial stone tablets made by feudal emperors, thirteen stone pavilions were specially built, which are called imperial stone pavilions. There are 55 monuments in the museum, which were carved by Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Most of the inscriptions are the records of the emperor's memorial to Confucius, the worship of Confucius Temple, the sending of officials to sacrifice and the reconstruction of Confucius Temple. Engraved in Chinese, Basiba (Mongolian in Yuan Dynasty) and Manchu respectively.

The five stone pavilions in Daobei were built in the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Of the eight pavilions in Daonan, four were built in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, three in the East and six in the East were built in the sixth year of Jin Mingchang (A.D. 1 195), and the fourth pavilion was built in the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1268). Two square stone pavilions in the Jin Dynasty, bold and unconstrained, are the earliest existing buildings in the Confucius Temple.

Most pavilion stone tablets are made of animals that look like turtles instead of turtles. Their name is _ _ (Bi,) and they are said to be the sons of dragons. Legend has it that the dragon gave birth to nine children, each with his own abilities. _ _ is good at carrying loads, so it is used to carry monuments. The earliest tablet pavilions are two Tang monuments, one is a Confucius monument given by the Tang Dynasty to Mr. Lu, a Thai teacher in the first year of General Zhang (AD 668), and the other is a Lukongkong Temple monument erected in the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 19), all of which are located in the sixth tablet pavilion of the Jin Dynasty from south to east. The largest stone tablet was erected in the 25th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1686), located in the third stone tablet pavilion from north to east. This flat plate weighs about 35 tons, and with the water tray below, it weighs about 65 tons. This stone was picked from the western hills of Beijing. Under the technical conditions at that time, it was remarkable that this stone could be safely transported to Qufu thousands of miles away.

There is a jungle-like stone tablet in the southeast and southwest of this hospital. There are also a large number of stone carvings embedded in Zhulan on the north wall, which were carved by emperors and ministers after repairing, sacrificing and sacrificing the temple. For example, from the perspective of calligraphy art, the real cursive seal script has its own advantages. In addition, there are several stone tablets that record the peasant uprisings of the Red Scarf Army in the late Yuan Dynasty, Liu Liu, Liu Qi in the middle Ming Dynasty and Xu Hongru in the late Ming Dynasty, which are precious historical materials for studying the history of peasant revolution.

On both sides of the Thirteen Monuments Pavilion, there are Cui Yumen in the east and Guande Gate in the west for people to enter and leave. People call it East Gate and Xihua Gate according to the name of the palace. This is the third side door of Confucius Temple.

Dachengmen

There is a famous Dacheng Gate in the north of the Ming Tombs Pavilion, with five gates in the middle, which is the seventh gate of the Confucius Temple.

Dacheng is Mencius' evaluation of Confucius. He said: "Confucius" is a masterpiece, praising Confucius for reaching the highest level of integrating the achievements of ancient sages and sages. Here, five doors are wide open, and the Confucius Temple is divided into three roads: in the east, there is a holy door dedicated to the ancestors of Confucius in the last five generations; On the west is the Enlightenment Gate, which enshrines Confucius' parents. The three gates are juxtaposed, with the Golden Gate on the left and the Yumen on the right. The golden sound is the sound of ringing the bell, indicating the beginning of playing music; Yu Zhen is the sound of percussion instruments, indicating the end of playing music and symbolizing Confucius' thought collection of ancient sages and sages. Sacrificing Confucius and his wife halfway, sages of all ages should enjoy worship.

Thirteen stone pavilions at the southern end of the big city gate have been handed down from generation to generation since the Jin Dynasty. Skillful craftsmen make full use of the traditional architectural techniques of intrigue to skillfully solve the space problem of building structure.

Xingtan

The word "Xingtan" is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures. The teaching record of Confucius' apricot altar was first seen in Zhuangzi Fisherman: Confucius swam in the forest, stopped at the apricot altar, and Beizi learned Confucius' string songs and drums. However, there is no record of the original website. In the second year of Song Tianxi (10 18), Daofu Kong, the 45th grandson of Confucius, supervised the repair of the Confucius Temple, relocated and expanded the main hall, and named it Xingtan with the original site of the main hall as an altar surrounded by apricot trees. The Jin Dynasty began to build pavilions on the altar, and the famous literati party at that time sealed the word "Xingtan".

The apricot altar has a cross-knotted ridge, hanging mountains on all sides, yellow tile bamboo columns, carved beams and painted buildings, beautifully painted and magnificent. There is a stone incense burner in front of the altar, and there are several apricot trees beside it. Every early spring, the red flowers are swaying. Emperor Qianlong once wrote a poem for it: When it is worth blooming again, several trees bloom in the east wind. Is there no flowers in the world, and civilization will end in spring?

Guan Liang

The houses on the east and west sides of Dacheng Hall are called Liang Biao, which is the place where future generations worship sages and Confucianism. The sages and Confucianists who deserve it are mostly famous Confucian figures in later generations, such as Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu and Wang Yangming. In the Tang dynasty, there were only more than 20 people. By the time of the Republic of China, there were as many as 156 people. These powerful people were originally portraits, but they were changed into statues in the Jin Dynasty, and all of them were changed into wooden signs with names written on them during the Ming Chenghua period, and they were enshrined in shrines. Now these two temples display stone carvings of past dynasties.

The old man once touched Zhou's, and the broken tablet is still a Chinese. There are more than 40 stone carvings in Dong 'an in the Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, of which 22 are the most precious. Stone carvings in the Western Han Dynasty, the first to push five phoenixes; Stone carvings in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with ritual vessels, Yi Ying, Kong Zhou and Shi Chenbei as official calligraphy treasures; The Northern Dynasties took the Raptors tablet as a model of Wei Ti. More than 100 Han Dynasty stone carvings exhibited in Xi 'an are also prestigious artistic treasures. These stone carvings are rich in content, including the mythical dragon, white tiger, suzaku and Xuanwu, as well as fishing, singing and dancing, acrobatics, practicing medicine and hunting, which are precious materials for studying the social life of Han Dynasty in China. Stone carving techniques, some meticulous, some bold and unrestrained, each with its own style. The 584 stone carvings of Yuhonglou displayed in the north of Liang 'an were carved by Confucius' descendant Kong, who collected the handwriting of famous calligraphers in the Qing Dynasty during the Qianlong period. These stone carvings were originally abandoned in the Yuhong building of Qufu Twelfth Hospital, and moved to the Confucius Temple in 195 1 year, and were mounted and exhibited in 1964 for calligraphy lovers to enjoy.

The main hall of the Confucian temple

Looking from the north of Xingtan, a golden hall stands abruptly on the pedestal of the double-layer stone fence, and three golden Dacheng halls are closely guarded by the gold-plated dragons carved on the vertical plaque of the blue ocean in the double-layer cornice. Word diameter 1m, Qing yongzheng emperor calligraphy.

Dacheng Hall, the main hall of Confucius Temple, is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meters wide and 24.89 meters deep. It has double eaves and nine ridges, and is surrounded by yellow tiles. It is also known as the three major halls in the East with the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City and the Song Tianquan Hall of Dai Temple. The main hall is simple and tidy in structure, with double eaves and flying eaves, criss-crossing, carved beams and painted buildings, resplendent and magnificent, algae wells decorated with dragons, covered with gold foil, surrounded by auspicious clouds and flying dragons. There are 28 carved dragon and stone pillars around the entrance, all of which are carved in stone. The column is 5.98m high and 0.8 1 m in diameter. Originally carved by Huizhou craftsmen in the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (AD 1500), it was re-carved after the fire in the 2nd year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty. There are 18 octagonal shallow carved stone columns on the two hills and the back eaves, decorated with Yunlong, with 9 small carved dragons on each side and 72 on each column. Careful craftsmen wrote down the total number of carved dragons on the stone pillars, *** 1296. The front eave 10 is deeply embossed, with two dragons facing each other on each column, winding up, beads carved in the middle, surrounded by mist and flame, and the foot of the column decorated with rocks and lined with waves. 10 dragon column is relative, each has its own changes. None of them are the same, with beautiful and vivid shapes, exquisite carving, skillful knife cutting and lifelike dragon image. This is a unique stone carving art treasure in Qufu. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty came to Qufu to offer sacrifices to Confucius, the stone pillars were all wrapped in HongLing, so that the emperor could not see them, for fear that the emperor might blame him for exceeding the palace. The architectural art of Dacheng Hall shows the talent and wisdom of our working people. Guo Moruo once praised it.

There is a statue of Confucius in the center of Dacheng Hall, sitting 3.35 meters high, wearing twelve crowns and twelve imperial robes, holding the truth in hand, just like the ritual system of ancient emperors. There are four pairs on each side, the east is the mansion and the mansion, and the west is the Yasheng mansion. There are twelve philosophers outside, including Min Yi, ran yong, Duanmu Ci, Zhong You, You Ruo, and Ran Geng, Zai Yu, Ran Qiu, Zhuan Xu Shi and Zhu in the west. The four portraits are 2.6 meters high and the twelve philosophers are 2 meters high. They all wear nine crowns and nine chapters and bow in their clothes, just like the ancient public sacrifice system. Statues are placed in wooden gilded shrines. Confucius is like a single niche with thirteen steps. The first two columns of the niche are carved with Yi Long, circling around the columns, with vivid posture and exquisite carving. Four have twelve philosophers and two niches, each with nine steps. In front of the niche, there are sacrificial tables, incense tables, and ritual vessels such as rice fields, beans and bloomers. In the temple, there are also musical instruments and dancing tools that are moderate and less joyful when offering sacrifices to Confucius. There are three couplets with 10 plaque outside the hall. In the center of the hall, there is a plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty. In the center of the hall is a plaque inscribed by Emperor Kangxi and Sven Zaizi during Guangxu period. There is a plaque inscribed by Emperor Qianlong in the south. Each plaque is more than 6 meters long and about 2.6 meters high, carved with dragons and gilded with gold, which is exquisite and gorgeous.

The temple is built on a two-story platform with a terrace in front. It is more than 2 meters high, 4.5 meters wide from east to west and 35 meters deep from north to south. It is carved with Sumeru stone base and double stone fence. There are stones beheaded under the lotus column at the bottom, and there are two embossed dragons in the south. The terrace is a place for singing, dancing and saluting during sacrifice. Now, on Confucius' first birthday (September 28th of the lunar calendar), a sacrificial music and dance-Bashu Dance is performed.

Qindian

Turn around along the corridor of Dacheng Hall, surrounded by columns, and there stands a double-eaved hall, which is the sleeping hall of one of the three major buildings of Confucius Temple (the other two buildings are Kuiwen Pavilion and Dacheng Hall) and a shrine dedicated to Confucius butler.

The sleeping hall is seven rooms wide and four rooms deep, and the rooms are painted gold. Youlong and Tuanfeng in Zaojing are all made of gold foil, and the 22 stone pillars with eaves in the cloister are carved with phoenix peony, just like the queen's palace system. The woodcarving "The Prince and the showgirl" in the shrine of the temple is extremely exquisite. There is a wooden sign in the shrine, and the wife of the sage is on the throne.

Qi's official family, the official family of Libei, was born and raised in the Song Dynasty. He/kloc-married Confucius at the age of 0/9, and Confucius died seven years ago. Her situation is rarely recorded in ancient books. It was not until the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 1008) that she was posthumously named Mrs. Yun Zhou by Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong. In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1332), she was named Lady Wang Xuan of Dacheng, and in the eighth year of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1529), Confucius changed her name to Lady Sage. After the death of Confucius, that is, the hall where Confucius lived was a temple, and the officials of Qi sacrificed with Confucius. There were special sleeping halls in the Tang Dynasty and statues in the early days. When it was rebuilt after the Yongzheng fire in the Qing Dynasty, it was already a memorial tablet for offering sacrifices to the gods. It was covered with a woodcut shrine and placed in front of the table.

Shengjidian

Shengji Temple is named after the stone carving cartoon "Shengji" which records the life story of Confucius. This temple is located behind the sleeping hall and is a single courtyard. It is the last ninth courtyard of Confucius Temple. The temple was built in the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1529). Who presided over the construction? The original wooden depiction of Confucius' deeds in the Confucius Temple was changed into stone carving, which was carved by Yang Zhi and embedded in the inner wall of the temple. This is a collection of 65,438+020 sacred objects.

Each painting is about 38 cm wide and 60 cm long. It shows the sacred traces from Mu Yan's prayer to the birth of Confucius in Nishan and then to the tomb of Confucius' descendants after his death, with two pictures of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng offering sacrifices to Confucius in Taitai. Among them, people are familiar with Confucius' main activities and remarks, such as logging and tiger-fighting in the Song Dynasty. It is the first complete character story comic book in China, which has high historical and artistic value.

In Shengji Temple, the stone carvings of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty were written in calligraphy. In the middle of the word is a portrait of Confucius painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, and a portrait of a saint painted by Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Jin Dynasty, commonly known as Confucius Xiaoying. It is said that "Xiaoying" is the truest and closest to the original appearance of Confucius. In the second year of Song Shaosheng (AD 1095), Sun Kongduanyou, the forty-eighth generation of Confucius, carved three stones. On the right are some portraits of Confucius painted by Wu Daozi. Confucius sat next to them, and his disciples served around. Confucius' grandson Kong Zongshou, the 46th generation, turned the carved stone over in the second year of Song Shao. These portraits are praised by emperors such as Song Taizu and Song Zhenzong, and inscribed by Song Shaosheng and Zheng He. Mi Fei, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, praised Confucius, and the imperial tablet of Emperor Kangxi Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.