Differences in architectural characteristics between French classical architecture and Italian Renaissance architecture

The Louvre (French: Du E Louvre Museum) is located in the north bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris, France, ranking first among the four largest museums in the world. Founded in 1204, it was once a French palace, where 50 French kings and queens lived. It is one of the most precious buildings in the French Renaissance and is famous for its rich collection of classical paintings and sculptures.

The Louvre Museum covers an area of about 65,438+098 hectares and is divided into two parts: the old and the new. The pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace covers an area of 24 hectares and was designed by China architect I.M. Pei. On August 1793 and 10, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. The Louvre has become a world-famous art palace, one of the largest art treasures, as well as the Wanbao Palace.

The comprehensiveness and preciousness of the paintings collected by the Louvre Painting Museum are unmatched by other art galleries in the world. There are 35 exhibition halls and more than 2,200 exhibits, of which two thirds are works by French painters and one third are from foreign painters. Exhibition 14 to 19 th century works of various painting schools.

Beautiful Ferronnier.

Also known as "the woman in the headdress"

Leonardo da Vinci

(Da Vinci 1452- 15 19)

The full name is Leonardo da Vinci.

He is one of the three outstanding figures of Italian Renaissance, who are equally famous with Raphael and Michelangelo.

It is also the most perfect representative of the Renaissance in Europe.

Mona Lisa. Also known as LA GIOCONDA

This is a famous portrait masterpiece. It represents leonardo da vinci's highest artistic achievement and successfully shapes the image of bourgeois women in a city during the rise of capitalism. The figures in the painting sit gracefully, with implicit smiles and deep mountains and rivers as the background, vividly showing the painter's unique smoky "unbounded gradient coloring method"-like brushwork. The painter tried to skillfully combine the rich inner feelings of the characters with the beautiful shapes. For the key parts of the portrait face, such as the corners of the eyes, lips, etc., he also pays special attention to mastering the dialectical relationship between precision and implication, so as to achieve the charm, thus making Mona Lisa's smile have eternal mysterious charm, which is called "mysterious smile" by many art historians. That smile sometimes makes you feel gentle and intoxicating; Sometimes it seems to contain sadness, seems to be sadness; Sometimes it is slightly ridiculous. Although beautiful and touching, it is a bit inaccessible. Even better, in front of this famous painting, no matter from which angle you look, her gentle eyes always look at you with a smile, vivid and unusual, as if they were beside you.

Notre Dame de Paris announces good news

Italian painter in Batoni

This is the traditional theme of the virgin Mary's pregnancy. The difference is that apart from the shy expression of the Virgin Mary and the gesture of putting her hands on her chest, there is no picture of an angel reporting pregnancy. Batoni's paintings, in classical style, reveal the beauty of reality. His works are full of "personal culture" and full of personality, which won the favor of the upper class. /kloc-In the 8th century, many rich people of insight fell in love with the big trip to Europe, and one of the contents of the trip was to ask Batoni, the leading portrait master at that time, to paint for them.

Esther Royal Princess Statue

Antonio Pisanello

(about 1395- 1455)

Born in Vienna, active in Padua and Venice.

He painted "Venice-Gothic Style"

Its distinctive sweet style reached its peak.

Angel, maid-in-waiting

The oil painting "The Lady" created by French painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres in 18 14 is now in the Louvre. In the painting, the strict classical style is respected, and the theme is that Ms. Osman wears a Turkish headscarf and holds a peacock feather fan. The whole picture exudes a beautiful exotic atmosphere.

This painting was created in 18 14, and was created by the painter at the order of Napoleon's sister, Princess Caroline Mora of Naples. In addition, when Angel created this painting, it happened that France lost in the war against the Ottoman Empire, and the once occupied Turkish territory no longer belonged to him. In this context, looking at the images of maids living in the Ottoman imperial palace can satisfy the disappointment of the French a little.

Hail to Homer, angel.

Andromache mourned David for Hecktor.

French painter Theodore Gericault's raft

This painting depicts a precarious raft floating on the sea. The sea breeze blows up the sails made of sheets, and the rafts lifted by huge waves are constantly bumping. Some of the refugees on the raft are dying, and some are still looking into the distance. People gathered in high places waved red and white cloth towels in their hands and kept calling for help in the distance. With a pyramid-shaped composition, the painter unfolded the events on the raft when the only survivor found the shadow of the ship on the horizon, depicting the hunger, thirst, pain and groan of the victims, and the picture was full of suffocating tragic atmosphere. This painting is one of the representatives of romantic painting.

This is an oil painting created by French painter Eugène Delacroix to commemorate 1830 French July Revolution. This painting was first officially exhibited in Paris Salon in 183 1 and was collected by the Louvre Museum in 1874. At the critical moment of winning the victory of the July Revolution, the scene of street fighting was displayed in a romantic way, combining freehand brushwork with realism skillfully, using rich and fiery colors and contrast between light and dark, dynamic composition, bold and unrestrained brushwork and compact structure, showing the high enthusiasm of revolutionaries and praising the July Revolution with workers, petty bourgeoisie and intellectuals as the main participants. This work has become a symbol of the French national spirit.

This is a huge documentary painting. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the French Admiralty appointed a man who knew nothing about sailing as the captain of the ocean-going ship "Medusa". The great ship hit the rocks and sank on its way across the Brown Strait to Africa. All the powerful people on board fled by boat, leaving more than 150 passengers and crew, only 15 survivors, and two people died after landing. This shipwreck caused strong dissatisfaction among the French. Cirico, a painter with a sense of justice, started from this real incident and created this world-famous work "The Raft of Medusa". This painting depicts the tense moment when the victim calls for help. They shouted for a lifeboat in the distance. The painter deliberately drew a sail on the background and blew the raft backwards against the wind, which caused the tension between the victims' desire for lifeboats and the reality that the raft was gradually blown backwards against the wind. This painting is a huge painting, with a grand structure and great momentum. The plot is gripping, the conception is bold and dramatic, the composition is rigorous and rhythmic, and the people in the painting are full of feelings. The shape of the human body is solid and powerful, the contrast between light and shadow is strong, and the overall tone is gloomy and gloomy, showing shocking tragic strength. The appearance of this masterpiece opened up a romantic artistic road. 1842 165438+ In October, a few months after the painter died, the Louvre Museum collected this painting. Cirico died young and died at the age of 33. He never knew that his paintings would become one of the most famous masterpieces in the Louvre.

The Shia massacre in Delacroix.

Shia Island Massacre is an oil painting created by the painter Delacroix in 1824. This oil painting tells the tragic experience of the Greek people in the war against Turkish oppression. After the exhibition, it shocked the western world. This painting proves Delacroix's emphasis on historical themes. The lines and composition of this oil painting are very rigorous, but the painter expresses the colors in the light and atmosphere in a bold and novel way.

Like the works of many artists, this painting consists of three parts; The foreground is a group of wounded and prisoners, appearing on the background of light and dark; The middle scene is the plain where the war takes place; The third part is the sky, which accounts for one third of the whole picture and is almost completely covered by yellow smoke clouds. In this painting, the painter used the usual symbolism of romanticism and concentrated on the inhuman disaster imposed on the Greek people by the brutal Turkish invaders.

(Roman emperor) During the reign of Diocletian, a Christian martyr drowned in the Tiber River.

Eugene Delacroix

pluck

French painter Miller

The French painter Miller created an unparalleled model of farmers. The farmers in his works have a simple, kind, simple and naive beauty, always emitting the smell of earth. 1857 The painter finished Gleaning at the age of 43. In the harvested field, three poor peasant women are picking up scattered ears of wheat in the wheat field. There are no complicated scenes and too many details in the painting, which is very simple and obvious. The three peasant women looked tired and braved the scorching summer sun, looking for the lost ears of wheat on the scorching earth, and their hard sweat had soaked their rough clothes. The background of the picture is piles of wheat like hills, and the owner is riding a horse to supervise the farmers' work. The harvest prospect and prospect are in sharp contrast with those of the three peasant women. This implies that in the bumper harvest year, farmers still have insufficient food and clothing. In this painting, the painter profoundly revealed major social problems and harsh class opposition with concrete images. With their sensitivity, bourgeois critics made a political conclusion: "There are protests from farmers in the painting."

The wedding in Ghana

Italian painter in Willoni

This painting is Willoni's masterpiece, which shows Christ attending a wedding reception in Ghana. This painting is very large, about 70 square meters, occupying a whole wall of the Louvre. There are 132 characters in the picture, which takes one year and three months to complete. The story tells that Jesus, Santa Maria and the apostles met a businessman who was holding a wedding banquet in Ghana on the Jordan River. They attended the wedding together at the invitation of their master. In the middle of the painting is Jesus and the Virgin Mary. The newlyweds are at the end of the table in the lower left corner of the photo. Everyone is drinking happily. The servant reported that there was no wine, so Jesus ordered the merchant's jar to be filled with water, and then everyone could have a taste. It turned out to be a delicious wine. So Jesus appeared. The painter painted the Queen of England, Titian, Tintoretto and himself. It is said that when Willoni arrived in Venice, he found that people here were not pursuing religious piety, but enjoying life, so he put these secular lives on the screen with great interest.

The Virgin in the Garden

Raphael Italian painter

Raphael's artistic works are elegant, harmonious, beautiful and fascinating, and there is an anecdote about creating this painting. One day, Raphael was walking in the garden and saw a beautiful girl pruning among the flowers. The painter was attracted by her charming image and soon outlined the image of the girl. Soon, he took this girl as a model and created this famous painting. Because this girl is the gardener's daughter, this painting is also called the beautiful gardener's daughter. The Madonna in the garden has the most distinctive expression and can be regarded as Raphael's best Madonna.

A full-length portrait of Madame Pombadou.

French painter de latour

This is a rare pastel painting, which is permanently exhibited in the Louvre. You can see at a glance that this is a rare and famous painting. This painting depicts a woman sitting at a table with a music book in her hand. The copperplate and print holder under her feet show her artistic talent, and the most important thing is the book on the shelf. From the spine of the book, we can see the contents: On the left is the pastoral poem "The Faithful Shepherd" published by the Italian poet Guarini in 1590, which set off a wave of yearning for pastoral joy in the18th century and received special attention from Madame de Pompadour as a script. Then Voltaire wrote the epic Orphan of China in 1723, which influenced the whole of France. He praised Henry IV, the founder of modern France, and his philosophy and national policy thoughts after the baptism of the Enlightenment. Then Montesquieu's "On the Spirit of Law" praised * * * and the regime, talked about the spirit of law, talked about the necessity of the constitution, and talked about individual rights based on individual free development. This book appeared in the hands of Madame de Pompadour, the king's mistress, which attracted special attention, because it was also severely condemned by Sorbonne University and banned by the church. The last book on the shelf is the encyclopedia of the fourth edition of 1754. 1752 when this book was first published, it was difficult to reprint because of the crisis. Thanks to Madame de Pompadour's help, it survived. Everything shows that Mrs. Pembadu owns and reads these books, and she supports and maintains the liberal ideas pursued by the enlighteners. 1764, knowing that the Marquise Pompadou had passed away, Voltaire wrote to Diderot, "She is one of us".

Expose a liar

French painter in latour

The four people in the photo are playing cards around the table. Time seems to have frozen. The well-dressed young man on the right is looking at the cards in his hand. He is independent of the other three characters, and it can be seen from his eyes that the other three are plotting, and he is still in the dark. Slightly off the center of the picture, it is a dusty woman with exquisite hair accessories and bare chest and shoulders. Her eyes and gestures point to the left of the photo. There is another player, the man in the shadow quietly pulls out a square A and hides it around his waist. This is the person the title refers to-the cheater. Between the liar and the prostitute, stood a maid with a glass. The situation in the picture is clear at a glance: the young people in the card game are attracted by the woman who is sure to win, and will be cheated of all the money by the man on the left immediately. The theme of this work is borrowed from1The Card Liar by the famous Italian painter Caravaggio in the late 6th century. Latour also created another early version of the same theme, with slightly different details, called "The Liar of Caohua A", which is collected in the Kimberly Museum of Art in Fort Worth, USA.

Portraits of painters and daughters

Valerie lebrun, French painter.

The painter and her daughter is the author's most outstanding masterpiece, and it is also her self-portrayal. The female painter's dress is simple and elegant, dignified and beautiful, and her eyes are gentle and affectionate. She sat bent, very chic and elegant, with her hands around her daughter's face. The daughter is innocent and lovely, putting her face close to her mother and hugging her neck, which is infinitely charming. The work depicts the love between mother and daughter and the affection between parents and children very touching, and also shows the gentleness and affection of the painter himself. The composition adopts a stable and symmetrical triangle, with elegant and harmonious colors, beautiful lines and no background, highlighting the theme. This painting was painted in 1789, when the painter was 34 years old and his daughter was 9 years old.

Qian Shang and his wife.

Belgian painter in mathis

This painting is the representative work of the author. In this painting, Qian Shang is the owner of a money shop. He is weighing gold and silver with a shovel, and looks very focused. His wife is reading a prayer book with the image of the Virgin (reflecting the coexistence of secular business and religious beliefs here). However, religious piety cannot compete with secular temptations. His wife squinted at her husband's activities instead of staring at the prayer book, which subtly showed a side of the bourgeois's inner life at that time. It is particularly noteworthy that there is a convex mirror on the table in the foreground of the painting. The mirror reflects rectangular windows, streets, houses and trees, and draws an image of Mathis himself. The technique of using convex mirror to enlarge the scenery outside the painting is also used in Van Eyck's paintings. This is probably because people were very interested in the new achievements of this optical technology at that time, so the painter painted it for people's sake! This is a typical genre painting, which historians call a masterpiece depicting daily life in modern art. Although Van Eyck painted the Anofini couple before mathis, it is also a genre painting, but its custom is not strong enough, so mathis's painting has such an important position.

Lace woman worker

Dutch painter Vermeer

This Lace Worker is Vermeer's masterpiece, which depicts a female worker who is weaving lace in a poetic way and gives people beautiful enjoyment with lyrical artistic conception. The difference between Vermeer and contemporary painters is that he used extreme or even trembling sensitivity to express light, and liked to use blue and lemon yellow to form a very harmonious tone. The special sense of light in his works is actually realized by a new technology. This technique depends partly on optical experiments, but mainly on the observation and intuition of subtle color penetration. His method of capturing color lightness is quite special. He uses tiny bright spots like pearls to form the outline of the object, and the focal length distribution in his works is even, so it appears calm and objective.

Catch Sabine's woman

French painter in Pu Sang

This painting is a masterpiece of Pu Sang's Baroque style. It is described that because of the new Rome, the Romans need many young women, but the neighboring cities are unwilling to marry these girls to the Romans. The leader of the Romans decided to outsmart them, and they invited the neighboring Sabine to attend the grand event. When Sabine people took their families with them, the Roman leaders raised their cloaks as a signal, and each soldier grabbed a girl and let them escape without hurting other Sabine people. In the15th century, this theme was only used as an educational decorative painting on wedding lanterns. 16-17th century, used to express heroism, patriotism and decisive spirit. As long as this kind of action can guarantee the future of the nation and allow any strong or even the most cruel action. The Roman leader depicted in the painting is not entirely an officer who transmits secret signals, but an executor of a solemn religious mission. Dressed in a red robe, he stood majestically between the columns of the Temple of the Sea. Pu Sang painted two paintings on this theme, which was messy at the bottom of the Louvre, and Pu Sang himself was not satisfied. The other (top) is also 1637, 159x206cm, which is collected in the Metropolitan Museum of America, and the picture is relatively simple. The difference between this painting and David's story between Rome and Sabine is that it is a robbery scene, and David painted the war a year later.

Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA

(Metropolitan Museum of Art)

It is the largest art museum in America.

It is also a world-famous museum.

The museum covers an area of 6.5438+0.3 million square meters.

It is connected with the Forbidden City in Beijing, China and the British Museum in London, England.

Louvre in Paris, France

Elmy Tashi Museum in St Petersburg, Russia is also famous.

One of the five largest museums in the world.

The museum has a collection of 3 million exhibits.

A young female painter.

Mary Denise Hueros

(Mary-Denise Villair 1774- 182 1)

French female painter

Emmanuel Roy

Watt (emanuel leutze, 18 16- 1868)

German-American painter

Lady Masonry and her daughter

Jean Marc Nadi

(Jean Marc Nature,1685–1766)

French painter

Broken eggs

Jean-Baptiste Gorez

(greuze, 1725- 1805)

French rococo painter

A broken egg is a metaphor for a young woman losing her virginity.

Battle of Friedland

Jean-Louis Ernest Mason

(Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier1815-1891)

A self-taught painter in France

This painting "1807, friedland" depicts Napoleon's battle in Russia.

sunflower

Claude Monet

(claude monet 1840- 1926)

The most important painter in France

One of the representatives and founders of Impressionism.

Susan is comparable to the muse.

Samuel morse

(Samuel Finley Breese Morse, 179 1- 1872)

Is an American painter with a high reputation.

It was also he who invented the telegraph and telegraph code.

Diana and Cupid

Pompeo Batoni

(Pompeo Batoni)

A famous Italian painter

Known as/kloc-the "painter prince" of Rome in the 0/8th century.

Mrs. Ginu is reading a book.

Vincent van Gogh

(Vincent Van Gogh, 1853- 1890)

Post-impressionist representative

Ms. White

George Peter Alexander Healy

(George Peter Alexander Healy 18 13-1894)

American painter

At present, there are not many works by artists, but this one has proved the artist's artistic skill.

Fisherman girl

Also known as Graziela.

Zhu Joseph Le Fabvre

(Jules Joseph Lefebvre1836-1911)

French painter, educator and theorist

In this painting, Gracy Ella is mending his fishing net, and his eyes are fixed on the shoulder-facing distance, where there is Mount Vesuvius.

Haystacks in autumn

Jean Francois Millet

[Jean Francois Millet1814-1875]

/kloc-the most outstanding realistic painter in France in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, who is famous for expressing farmers' themes.

The most popular painter in the history of modern French painting.

He is also a representative painter of French barbizon school.

Cypress in the wheat field

Vincent van Gogh

(Vincent Van Gogh, 1853- 1890)

Post-impressionist representative

Lavoisier and his wife.

jacques louis david

(Jacques Louis David)

65438+August 30th 0748-65438+February 9th 0825)

David, the leader of French neoclassical art

A dancer practicing on the pole stage.

Edgar Degas

(Edgar Degas 1834- 19 17)

A famous French painter

This picture is painted on canvas with mixed materials. On the left, there is a watering can for sprinkling water and preventing dust, which is a common utensil in ballet rehearsal room. Spitter is also degas's "visual pun", which looks like imitating the dancer on the right.

Mrs x

John Singer Sargent

(John Singer Sargent, 1856-1925)

Born in Italy, American artist

Also known as Mrs. Golut, this is his most controversial work at that time, and now it is recognized as one of his best works. It took him a year to finish the painting. In the original version of the painting, the lady was covered in white powder, wearing a low-cut skirt and proudly raising her head. The bare pink shoulders make this painting look bolder and sexier. When this painting was exhibited in 1884, it shocked the Paris salon and caused a scandal. Sargent had to leave Paris and move to London. 1876 came to the United States and became an American citizen. And stayed in Britain, France, Germany, Italy and other countries for a long time to engage in creation. Most of them paint portraits of upper-class people, and their works are becoming more and more famous. They painted portraits of theodore roosevelt and john rockefeller. One year after the death of Mrs. Gautru, Sargent sold "Mrs. X" to Metropolis on 19 16. She must have never thought that she would be forgotten by the public and live forever.

Salisbury Cathedral Seen from the Bishop's Courtyard

John Constable

(john constable, 1776- 1837)

One of the representative painters of British landscape painting.

Blind man's dinner

Pablo Picasso

(Pablo Picasso, 188 1- 1973)

A famous Spanish painter

Pygmalion and Galatia

Jean-Leon Gerome

(Jean-Leon Gerome 1824- 1904)

A famous painter and sculptor of French academy in the 19th century.

On the surface, he is the successor of neoclassicism.

In fact, he is a passionate romantic.

The slaughter of innocent civilians

Fran Joseph Nanfutz

(Fran? ois Joseph Navitz 1787- 1869)

Belgian painter, David's student

Salome

During the reign of Henry

(Henry Raignault,1843–1871)

French painter

Regnet was killed in the Franco-Prussian War of 187 1.

This is a picture depicting the story of the Bible. According to the biblical story, John the Baptist offended Salome's mother and was imprisoned by Salome's stepfather, but he dared not kill her for fear of causing public outrage. Salome danced in public at her stepfather's birthday party to please everyone, but asked her stepfather to swear in advance that she would comply with her request. Salome said after the dance, "Please put John's head on the plate and bring it to me." Stepfather had no choice but to send someone to behead John in prison and give his head to Salome on a plate.

Wait for three o'clock

Henri Matisse

(henri matisse, 1869- 1954)

A famous French painter

Matisse's paintings use simple and strong colors such as red, blue, yellow and green to express the natural essence of simple objects, depict sincere feelings and decorative effects inside, and pursue a naive and primitive childlike innocence. The picture is full of decoration, pursuing balance, purity and tranquility. The so-called sitting at three o'clock in this painting is not about who to wait for. What matters is the spiritual atmosphere brought by the exquisite and elegant picture, which makes people enter a peaceful and pleasant state and a poetic ideal state.

Princess Broyi

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

(Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres,1780 ——1867)

The last representative of French neoclassical painting school

Downstream Missouri fur dealer

George Klebel Bingham

(george caleb bingham1811-1879)

19th century American western painters

Thinker

Thomas capps Witt Aikins

(Thomas Guo Bowei Akins 1844- 19 16)

American realistic painter, photographer, sculptor and art educator,

Known as the father of American painting

Heavy rain; rainstorm

Pierre-August court

(Pierre August Cote, 1837 ext. 1883)

A famous painter of French "academic" or "neoclassical" art

The contrast between light and color in the picture, the aesthetic power of setting each other off into interest, is an important feature of artistic aesthetics in the19th century. The background in the painting is dark and the foreground is bright; Male characters are darker and female characters are brighter. The rough lines of male strength are in sharp contrast with the soft lines of female strength, and they match each other in light and color. Before Kurt, there were many works of art based on Daphne and Chloe, most of which praised love and sex. Courtney's The Tempest captures the moment when Daphne and Chloe escape from the storm, expresses the beauty of different sexy power between men and women, and praises the pure love and the yearning for freedom. Compared with previous works, it has reached a higher level in artistic realm and artistic means.

cosmetics

Garrett, Raimondeau de Madraso

(Raimondeau de Madraso and Gareta 184 1- 1920)

Spanish painter

A new hat.

Francis William edmonds

(Francis William edmonds, 1806— 1863)

American painter

Miss country aristocrat

Gustave Courbet

(gustave courbet 18 19- 1877)

Famous French painter and master of realism.

Niuqun transition kou

Guler dupre

(Jules dupre,18111889)

Barbizon school, a famous French painter.

The representative figure of barbizon School in the early and middle period.

Sleeping Christ in the storm

Eugene Delacroix

(Eugene Delacroix,1798 ——1863)

A famous French painter

Every element in this "Sleeping Christ in the Storm" touches people's hearts. The waves are rough; Cloudy sky when the storm comes; Sails torn by strong winds; The frightened sailor and the savior Jesus, who is sleeping soundly in the wild nature-this is also an important theme to be expressed in the work. This is a story in the New Testament: When Christ was awakened by panicked disciples, he severely reprimanded them and accused them of having no confidence in God's care. What are you afraid of with me? Delacroix once wrote 14 different versions of this story. In his early works, the sea occupied more space, while in his later works, as shown in this work, the ships that bumped in the storm occupied a more important position.

A woman studying.

Camille Corot

(Jean-Baptiste Camille Conte 1796— 1875)

An outstanding French landscape painter

Spanish singer

Manet's silence

(Edouard Manet 1832- 1883)

French painter

/kloc-one of the founders of impressionism in the 0/9th century.

There are flowers, apples and pears in spring.

Henri Fontaine latour

(Henri Fantine latour 1836- 1904)

French painter

Two girls in front of the piano

Renoir

(Pierre Auguste Renoir,1841-1919)

French painter, one of the leaders of the impressionist movement.

In this painting, two naive girls carefully read the piano score on the piano. One sat with his head up, the other stood by, one hand leaning against the chair. Exquisite composition, extremely soft and beautiful colors, smooth lines, the whole picture is full of a sweet and pure atmosphere.