Who can send some resumes of historical celebrities?

Linchuan county is known as "the land of gifted scholars" in the east of Jiangxi province. Famous gifted scholars in the past dynasties, there were "Five Kings" and "Six Yan" in the Song Dynasty, and "Eight Famous Scholars" in the Ming Dynasty, shining like stars in the sea. Since the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Linchuan people have written more than 45 kinds of books with more than 2, volumes. The rural proverb "Jin Xi Shu, a gifted scholar in Linchuan" circulating in eastern Jiangxi, the so-called "gifted scholar in Linchuan", refers to Chen Jitai, Luo Wanzao, Zhang Shichun and Ai Nanying, the "last four celebrities" in the late Ming Dynasty.

Chen, Luo, Zhang and Ai, four gifted scholars, were born at the beginning of Wanli in Ming Shenzong. They read a lot of poems and read a lot of classics and history. Although they are politically frustrated and have a low social status, they share the same mind and body, and "they are happy with the same, and they are happy with the differences".

Chen Jitai (1567-1641), born in Pengtian, Linchuan, was an ancient prose writer in the late Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), he became a tribute, and in the second year, he was the seventh after having obtained the provincial examination, and in the fourth year, he was a scholar at the age of 68. He was smart and studious since he was a child. When he was five or six years old, he could recite The Analects, Mencius, University and The Doctrine of the Mean. When I was 1 years old, I saw a Book of Songs in someone else's waste paper pile, and I took it and hurried away, singing on the high mound, and I never forgot it. In his later years, he received an official post, but it was a pity that his ambition was not exhibited, so that in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (164), Cai Guo was ordered to take care of his old friend and returned to the south with a coffin, and he fell ill and died on the way to Jining. He is the author of Four Books Reading, Five Classics Reading, The Book of Changes Explaining Meaning and A Simple Explanation of Zhouyi. His collections include Taiyi Mountain House Collection, Jiwu Collection and Hushan Collection.

Luo wanzao (? -1647), the word Wenzhi, was born in Tengqiao, Linchuan, and was an ancient prose writer in the late Ming Dynasty. When I was young, I worshipped Tang Xianzu as my teacher and read a lot of books. In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), I cited them. He used to be the magistrate of Shanghang County, Zhejiang Province, and the director of the Ritual Department. At that time, the Ming dynasty was politically corrupt, the country was weak and the people were poor, and there were chaos everywhere, and the Qing soldiers entered the customs. He was worried about the country and the people. He was in close contact with Ai Nanying. After Ai's death, he was deeply saddened and died a few months later. Luo Wanzao, Chen Jitai, Zhang Shichun and Ai Nanying formed a "Yuzhang Society" and were called "Linchuan Four Talents". His knowledge is profound and unparalleled. At that time, Wen Jian was clean and delicate, including the words of a hundred schools of thought. The article was quite fascinating and could cut to the point. His works include this collection of temples and thirteen classics, which are recorded in the catalogue of Sikuquanshu.

Zhang Shichun (1575-1644), with a strong word, was born in Linchuan (now under the jurisdiction of Fengcheng County). In the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), he was awarded the title of Hanlin Confucius and became famous in Beijing. He has served as an Oracle in Tianchang County, a Xuezheng in imperial academy and a magistrate in Liuzhou. Loyal to the Ming Dynasty, he wrote a letter asking for military affairs, and strongly advocated "the right to re-state the county, so that it could be used by itself and its own expenses", but it was not adopted, and finally the southern county was broken. Chongzhen was middle-aged, and when Zhang Shichun was appointed as the magistrate of Liuzhou, he was seventy years old. When I heard that the capital was occupied by the Manchu Dynasty, I became ill with grief and died in Liuzhou. Zhang Shichun's article attacked the differences and made meaningful words. His works include six volumes of Four Books Leaving Books (included in Sikuquanshu), twelve volumes of Coupon Yi Bao (included in Yuzhang Series), and other collections of Books Leaving Books and Not Leaving Books are listed in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu.

Ai Nanying (1583-1646), born in Xinji, Linchuan (now under the jurisdiction of Dongxiang), was an essayist and literary critic in the late Ming Dynasty. He was gifted and enlightened since childhood, and received a good family education. At the age of seven, he was literate and wrote The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. As an adult, he is even more studious and well-read, so that his fame can be spread far and wide, and he can learn to be a student in the country. In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), a man was awarded. He founded Yuzhang Society as the leader. After the Qing soldiers went south, they went to Fujian to see the Tang king. Chen "can be worried about ten things", gave the Ministry of War the master, and later changed the suggestion. He died in Yanping soon. Ai Nanying and fellow townsmen Zhang Shichun, Luo Wanzao and Chen Jitai take it as their responsibility to promote simple and elegant articles, advocate that poetry should reflect the true feelings, and oppose the imitation of the ancient saying that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties", and also oppose the pursuit of difficult writing style following the Six Dynasties. These ideas became the forerunner of Tongcheng School's literary theory in Qing Dynasty. They also carved four people's articles for the world, and when people lived in it, they called them "Jiangyou Four Families" or "Chen Luo Zhang Ai". The subset of heavenly servants was banned in the Qing dynasty, and the annotation of Yugong was a geographical annotation, which was kept in the catalogue of Sikuquanshu. In addition, he has edited more than a thousand volumes of the whole history of ancient and modern times, but all of them were destroyed by the fire.

Qu Yuan-the first great patriotic poet in the history of literature

At the end of the Warring States Period, Chu was an outstanding politician and patriotic poet. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's offspring. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.

Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life, namely, Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and mainly lived in Chu Huaiwang period. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "The Emperor of Qin is horizontal and the King of Chu is vertical." Qu was born into a noble family, and he was good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, so he was deeply prized by Chu Huaiwang in his early years, and he was a Zuotu and a doctor in San Lv. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted Huai Wang in reforming the country to make it stronger, and insisted on uniting Qi to resist Qin in foreign countries, which once made Chu a country rich and powerful. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by the small group and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.

In the fifteenth year of Huai Wang (the first 34 years), Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu, paid off Jin Shang, Zi Lan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with a large sum of money, and at the same time tricked Huai Wang into breaking diplomatic relations with Qi and Chu by offering merchants in a land of 6 Li. After being deceived, Huai Wang became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to the State of Qi to rebuild the old friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu to disintegrate the Qi-Chu Alliance, which failed. In the twenty-fourth year of Huai Wang, Qin Chu was allied with the Yellow Thorn, and Chu was completely embraced by Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Ying Capital and moved to northern Han Dynasty.

after thirty years of cherishing the king, Qu Yuan returned to Yingdu. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with Huai Wang Wuguan, and Huai Wang was detained by Qin, who eventually died in Qin. After Xiang Wang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the surrender policy. Qu Yuan was expelled from Ying Capital again, exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), the Qin general attacked Ying capital in vain, and Qu Yuan was so indignant that he drowned himself in the Miluo River and died for his political ideal.

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (11), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with 23 works. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. "Tian Wen" is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asks 172 questions to heaven in succession, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, and shows the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. Nine Songs is a set of music songs for offering sacrifices to gods based on folk songs, and a large number of images of gods are created in the poems, most of which are love songs.

Qu Yuan's works are a record of his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "to raise talents and empower them, but to follow the line without being quite" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering people" means selecting truly talented people to govern the country, opposing worldly affairs and limiting the monopoly of old nobles on power. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher, and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope and not quite" is to cultivate the statutes, that is, the laws are not expensive and limit the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State, and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics, and its ultimate goal is to save the motherland from peril and make Chu State embark on the road of prosperity. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity, and "not regretting after nine deaths"; At the same time, he showed his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and love the people, and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always took the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people as his thoughts, hoping that the King of Chu would repent, work hard and become the master of ZTE. He knew that loyalty to honest and frank would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he was facing many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will of "winning glory with the sun and the moon".

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation is in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called "Songs of the South" and "The Book of Songs" together. "Feng and Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was a poet most admired and loved by the people. According to the records of Harmony in the Continuation of Qi and Geography of Sui Shu, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The folk custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. In 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "Four Cultural Celebrities" in the world and was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.

Sun Wu and Sun Tzu's The Art of War

Sun Wu, born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, were descendants of Tian's family in the State of Qi, and later went to the State of Wu, where they were appointed as generals by He Lv, the king of Wu, and led troops to attack Chu. Sun Tzu's Art of War is said to have been written for him, with 13 articles.

According to the objective laws of war, Sun Tzu's Art of War formulates relatively systematic strategic and tactical principles. It believes that to win the war, there must be sufficient planning and preparation. It attaches importance to political struggle and thinks it is best to "defeat the enemy without fighting." It holds that it is necessary to fully understand and master the enemy's situation in the process of war. As the saying goes, "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible in every battle." If you don't know yourself, you will be doomed in every battle. It points out that the most important thing in fighting is to take the initiative. It requires the correct use of forces, emphasizes that "we are expert and divide the enemy", and tries to concentrate our own forces and force the enemy's forces to disperse, thus creating a favorable situation of "attacking one with ten" and "attacking the few with many". Tactics should be flexible, we should "attack it unprepared and take it by surprise" and "avoid reality and attack the virtual" In war command, we should be calm, decisive and brave. In addition, Sun Tzu's Art of War puts forward some important principles in terrain, reconnaissance, and military discipline and education.

Sun Tzu's Art of War is an excellent military work with a simple dialectical view. It not only has an important position in China's military history, but also has a high reputation in the world's military history.

Xiang Yu-the anti-Qin leader at the end of Qin Dynasty who claimed to be the overlord of western Chu

One of the important anti-Qin leaders at the end of Qin Dynasty, he claimed to be the overlord of western Chu after Qin died. Xiaxiang (now southwest of Suqian, Jiangsu) people. Name, word feather. Grandfather Xiang Yan was a famous Chu soldier at the end of the Warring States Period and was killed by Qin general Wang Jian. Uncle Xiang Liang. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Liang killed people, escaped from Wuzhong with Xiang Yu, and secretly organized and trained guests' children with the art of war. Xiang Yu's ability to carry the tripod is extraordinary.

in the first year of Qin Ershi (29 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led an anti-Qin uprising, and then Zhang Chu regime was established. After hearing the news, the nobles of the original six countries also rose up in succession. In September of the same year, Xiang Yu and Xiang Liang killed each other, and raised Wu Zhongbing against Qin. Xiang Liang stood on his own two feet, and Xiang Yu was a general. After Chen Sheng's sacrifice, his ministry will call Pingjiao to worship Xiang Liang as the king of Chu. In March of two years, Xiang Liang led his troops to cross the river, and Chen Ying, the commander of Dongyang, led the rebel army to return. After crossing the Huai River, General Ying Bu and General Pu joined forces with soldiers, and the strength reached 67, at one time, becoming the main force of the anti-Qin armed forces at that time. In June of the same year, Xiang Liang established Chu Huaiwang Sun Xin, still known as Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang was named Wu Xinjun. After that, Xiang Liang led the rebel army to break Qin Jun in Dong 'a and Dingtao. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang also captured Chengyang and slightly reached Yongqiu. Soon, Xiang Liang was attacked by Qin General Zhang Han. Xiang Liang was killed, and Xiang Yu and Liu Bang surrendered to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and Dang. Zhang Han crossed the river to attack Zhao again, and left the king of Qin, who was involved in the army to encircle the stag. Chu Huaiwang ordered Song Yi to be the general and Xiang Yu to be the second general, and led his troops to save Zhao. Xiang Yu attacked and killed Song Yi in the name of plotting against Chu by Song Yi and Qi. Huai Wang immediately ordered Xiang Yu to be the general and led the whole army to save Zhao. Xiang Yu personally led the whole army to cross the river, cross the rubicon and attack Qin Jun. After many fierce battles, Chu soldiers defeated Qin Jun. When the Chu army rescued Zhao, the vassal army all stood on the sidelines. After the war, the governors and generals paid an audience with Xiang Yu, and they all went on their knees, not daring to look up, and all obeyed Xiang Yu's command. Then, Xiang Yu broke Qin Jun again on the sewage, and had Zhang Han. He was afraid that the Qin dynasty would not accept the surrender, and he would kill 2, soldiers.

when Xiang Yu led the army into Guanzhong, Liu bang had already entered Xianyang in advance. Because Chu Huaiwang had an appointment, "the first to enter the customs is Wang Zhi", and Liu Bang should be Wang Guanzhong. After Xiang Yu entered the customs, he relied on 4, troops in his hands in an attempt to destroy Liu Bang and dominate the world. Due to Liu Bang's humble words, the two sides made a temporary reconciliation. Xiang Yu immediately led troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, and Qin Min was greatly disappointed. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (26 BC), Xiang Yu took Huai Wang as the righteous emperor, the capital of Chen, and enfeoffed the princes, and became the overlord of the western Chu. According to the 9 counties of Liang and Chu, the capital was Pengcheng, and Liu Bang was named Hanwang. Soon, Tian Rong, Chen Yu, Peng Yue and others successively turned against Chu in dispatch troops. Liu Bang also decided on the Sanqin and advanced on the western Chu, so the Chu-Han War, which lasted for more than four years, broke out. At the beginning of the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang took Xiang Yu to detain Qi, and in April of the second year of Han Dynasty, he occupied Pengcheng. Xiang Yu immediately returned to the division to rescue and defeated the Han army. Liu Bang retreated to Xingyang.

since then, Chu and Han have been at loggerheads for a long time in Xingyang and Chenggao. Although Xiang Yu has won a series of battles, his political and military weaknesses are increasingly exposed. He is not only in Guanzhong but in Pengcheng, losing the favorable strategic terrain, unable to establish a solid rear, and has been in a disadvantageous position of fighting on two fronts. Xiang Yu's enfeoffment of princes was improper and unfair, which prompted those princes who were not satisfied in enfeoffment to fall to Liu Bang, making him increasingly isolated politically. In addition, although Xiang Yu was brave in combat, he was not good at employing people, so that he repeatedly made mistakes in politics. In December of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, the Chu army was besieged in Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi, Anhui Province), and people had little to eat. The Han army sang Chu songs all around, and Xiang Yu drank with Yu Ji, generously lamenting. Immediately, he broke through with more than 8 followers, lost his way to Yinling, and returned to Dongcheng, with only 28 followers left. The Han general took 5 troops to catch up with him, and Xiang Yu led his troops eastward until he committed suicide in Wujiang River (now Anhui and County). Hanwang Liu Bang buried Xiang Yu in Gucheng with Lu Gongli.

Introduction to Han Feizi

Han Fei (circa 28-233 BC) was an aristocrat in South Korea, and he was called Han Feizi in later generations. He and Reese are both disciples of Xunzi. At that time, South Korea was very weak and was often bullied by neighboring countries. He repeatedly proposed a plan to become rich and strong to the King of Korea, but it was not adopted by the King of Korea. Han Fei wrote a series of articles, such as Lonely Anger and Five Bitches, which were later collected into a book, Han Feizi. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, read Han Fei's article and greatly appreciated it. In 234 BC, Han Fei came to Qin as an envoy of South Korea.