How to carry out project research?

Project research procedures, including making project research plans, research topics, data collection, data collation, project summary, etc.

First, make a research plan.

Formulate the project research plan, including: accurately expressing and decomposing research problems, transforming research problems into hypotheses, determining research methods, arranging research plans and division of labor, organizing and coordinating project research, etc.

(A) decomposition of research objectives, grasp the starting point.

1, determine the research objectives.

Determining the research topic is generally to determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. A research topic can't cover everything, but we must consider the research background, narrow the research scope, grasp the research angle and find the right research topic. Before starting the research, we must do in-depth research, so as to accurately grasp the research theme, decompose the research problems, decompose the overall goal into several specific goals, grasp the research breakthrough point, and make a good overall research plan. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives.

2. Select the research entry point.

First, select from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to seek from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science.

(two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods.

1, clarify the research ideas.

A discipline, especially a relatively comprehensive discipline, involves rich research contents, including multiple relationships, multiple contradictions and multi-level problems, and has a certain depth and breadth, among which there must be a pair of basic relationships, contradictions or problems. The significance of finding out the basic relationship accurately lies in finding the breakthrough point of the research, which makes the research thinking clear and operable. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed.

2. Basic research methods.

Educational research methods include primary methods and secondary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement and questionnaire.

3. Application and selection of research methods.

There are many choices in the application of educational research methods: first, it is mainly based on the comprehensive application of various methods; A variety of methods are used together and alternately, and each method complements each other; There are also single methods, but few. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards.

First, take the continuity of research as the standard and determine the method according to the direction of continuity. For example, choose vertical research methods to track the development process of things; In order to study different objects at the same time, the horizontal research method is chosen.

The second is to choose different research methods according to the technical means adopted in the research. For example, when conducting routine research, natural observation, test experiment, investigation and interview are selected. The research is carried out by modern technical means, and different technical equipment is selected for detection and adjustment.

(C) theoretical thinking, put forward research assumptions

What is a research hypothesis? Research hypothesis is the research result (also called "semi-finished product") predicted by researchers when the concept in the research problem is transformed into a variable that can be measured through observation. Research hypothesis is a proposition that states the relationship between two (or more) variables, and it is an important link in scientific research. We must actively carry out theoretical thinking and put forward research hypotheses.

First, actively think rationally. Hypothesis is an expectation that has not been proved by practice. It is a tentative theory that combines reasoning and judgment in the process of human thinking. Bold assumptions and careful verification have always been the correct way for scientific research and exploration. According to the understanding of the research object, we can infer unknown guesses and inferences from the known, including various possible theoretical understandings or preliminary conclusions, and make inferences before conducting research.

The second is to master the basic standards of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis should meet four criteria: (1) can explain the expected relationship between two or more variables; (2) The researcher should have clear reasons to explain whether the hypothesis is worth testing; (3) Hypothesis should be testable; (4) Assumptions should be as concise and clear as possible.

The third is to clarify the basic steps of the formation of research hypothesis. Research hypothesis is the product of the combination of subjective factors and objective factors, the intermediate link from observation to theoretical discovery, and the main formula from individual to general and from special to universal discovery. The basic steps are: on the basis of collecting a certain amount of factual materials, extracting scientific questions; (2) Seeking theoretical support and forming a preliminary hypothesis; ⑶ Derive the theoretical statements of related phenomena, and make the hypothesis develop into a more systematic form with a rigorous and stable structure; (4) Make full use of all kinds of relevant scientific knowledge, flexibly carry out various thinking activities such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and imagination, and form basic viewpoints; 5] Refine the basic ideas and form the core of the hypothesis.

The fourth is to clarify the basic conditions for the formation of research hypotheses. The basic conditions for the formation of research hypothesis are: based on scientific observation and empirical induction; ⑵ Under the guidance of scientific thinking method, make a logical proposition through analogy, induction and deduction. ⑶ Researchers should have rich knowledge and experience.

The fifth is to clearly study the way of hypothesis expression. The expression of research hypothesis should be biased, which can be positive or negative, and the relationship between cited variables should be operable, observable and verifiable. Research hypothesis can be divided into descriptive hypothesis and explanatory hypothesis.

(four) according to the type of topic, do a good job in research and design.

The basic requirements of research project design include overall objectives and sub-objectives, research tools and methods, and division of labor. Different types of projects also have different designs, highlighting the types of research and embodying the characteristics of the project.

1, design of applied research topic

Applied research project is a research that uses the basic theoretical knowledge obtained from basic research projects to explore new educational knowledge, new educational approaches and new educational measures with specific practical purposes in order to solve practical problems in education. It is a tentative application of educational principles and an intermediate link and bridge connecting educational theory and practice. This kind of topic focuses on how to transform the basic theoretical knowledge of educational science into educational skills, educational methods and means, so as to link educational scientific knowledge with actual education and teaching and achieve a predetermined practical goal.

Applied research has different levels, such as macro, meso and micro.

Project features: applicability, times, efficiency and flexibility.

Project design: Emphasis should be placed on "application", including the content, scope and operation of applied research, with the factual and theoretical objectives of applied research. Project design includes research objectives, research approaches (ideas and methods) and research organization, and there are different designs according to different contents.