Basic knowledge and skills of photography

Basic knowledge and skills of photography

Basic knowledge and skills of photography, in life, many people like photography, and photography can help us relax. Photography also has a lot of knowledge and skills. Let me take a look at the relevant information about the basic knowledge and skills of photography with you.

Basic knowledge and skills of photography 1 1. Correct camera holding method

In the basic knowledge of shooting, the most important thing is to hold the camera steady. No matter how well other photographic elements and techniques are mastered, as long as there is vibration at the moment of shooting, the quality of photos will be greatly reduced because of blurred images.

Although tripods can be used to reduce the possibility of vibration, most of them are shot with hand-held cameras, and photographers are often not allowed to spend time placing tripods and fixed cameras at "decisive moments".

Compared with traditional cameras, digital cameras require higher shooting stability. This is because electronic components need extra time to store information, which is often called "time lag".

1, the correct posture of the machine.

Whether standing, sitting or kneeling, the correct posture for holding the machine should be:

(1). Hold the handshake position on the camera side with your right hand, and touch the shutter button with your index finger to shoot at any time.

(2) Hold the bottom of the fuselage with the palm of your left hand, and hold the camera with your thumb and forefinger to stabilize the lens.

(3) Keep your hands and upper arms close to your body, and try to keep them drooping naturally and close to your body. Never shrug your shoulders. Because the shoulder is lifted for a long time, the shoulder will feel tired and it is more difficult to stabilize the camera.

(4) When holding the camera vertically, generally, the left hand is down and the right hand is up, but also pay attention to the left arm close to the body.

2. Matters needing attention when standing or sitting down for photography

(1), when standing for photography, you should stretch your feet slightly, or stand back and forth, so that you can put your whole body weight on your feet. If you can rely on some fixed objects, such as leaning against the trunk or wall, the effect is better.

(2) Sitting photography has high stability, but foreign objects can still be used to further stabilize the body. A chair back or a table is a good choice.

3. Precautions for kneeling photography

When kneeling, the left foot should be arched, the right foot should kneel on the ground, and the left hand at the bottom of the fuselage should be lifted and supported on the arched left foot. In general, it is difficult to keep your body steady on your knees. It is best to rely on fixed objects, such as trees and walls.

4. The important role of video tape

Put the camera strap on your wrist, hold it in the tiger's mouth for two turns and then tighten it. After putting your thumb through the strap, hold the camera tightly, so that the camera can be integrated with your right hand, which can not only reduce the tremor of your hand, but also hold the camera when you accidentally let go, so as not to fall to the ground and be damaged.

Second, the use of light.

Photos are artistic products of light and shadow, and it is not an exaggeration to call light the soul of photography. To take good photos, you have to master the key element of light.

1, the properties of light

(1) direct light

On sunny days, the sun shines directly on the subject without any obstruction, and the light-receiving surface will produce bright shadows, while the light-receiving surface will form obvious shadows. This light is called "direct light". Under the "direct light", there will be a very obvious contrast between the light-receiving surface and the non-light-receiving surface, which is easy to produce a three-dimensional sense.

When the sun is blocked by thin clouds, the sunlight will still diffuse through the white clouds, and the resulting illumination contrast will be reduced, which is very suitable for portrait photography.

(2) Scattered light

On cloudy days, sunlight is blocked by clouds, so it can't shine directly on the subject. It can only shine on the subject through the intermediate medium or through reflection, and the light will have scattering effect. This light is called "scattered light". Because the light receiving surface and shadow surface formed by scattered light are not obvious, the contrast between light and shade is weak, and the change of light and shadow is soft, so the effect is flat and soft.

"Direct light" will produce light with strong contrast, resulting in thicker shadows, less tonal changes, and harder lines and tones of the captured image. And "scattered light" will produce light with weak contrast, so the shadow will be lighter, the color tone will change more abundantly, and the image lines and colors will be softer and softer. So photographers should choose the right light according to different situations.

2. Different directions of light projection

Shooting the same scene, using light projected in different directions will produce different effects.

(1) Guang Shun

The light coming out from the back of the camera and facing the subject is called "smooth light". The characteristics of "Guang Shun" lighting are: most objects are directly illuminated, the shadow area is not large, and the color of objects is relatively clear. The contrast between light and shade formed by this kind of light is weak, and the three-dimensional sense of an object can not be reflected mainly by illumination light, but by its own ups and downs. So the three-dimensional sense is weak.

Basic knowledge and skills of photography 2 What is a shutter? Simply put, it is a device that "controls the opening time". Just like the example of aperture knowledge point above, the sluice is open, but how much should it be opened before closing? This depends on the shutter, expressed in seconds, such as1/6011/251/5001/600, etc ... With a good shutter, you can shoot high-speed rotating objects.

What is ISO: ISO is the sensitivity of the camera. Simply put, this thing can help you improve the brightness of your photos without underexposure, but at the cost that the noise will increase with the increase of your ISO value. ISO is represented by numbers, such as ISO100ISO200ISO500ISO1600, etc ... The bigger the number, the higher the ISO and the brighter the photo. Generally, we divide ISO into three grades, namely "low sensitivity, medium sensitivity and high sensitivity". Low sensitivity is generally less than 800. With this value, the photos usually taken are business-friendly, and the picture quality is smooth and delicate. The medium sensitivity is between 800 and 6400. At this time, there will be obvious noise in the photo. At this time, you need to consider what your photos are for and how much to enlarge, and then consider whether to use such a high ISO value. The highest sensitivity is above 6400. Taking photos with this sensitivity is not for the beauty of photography, but for beauty. This kind of photo is often more artistic than the photo, and it can be used in occasions, such as taking pictures in dark places that can provide evidence.

What is the focal length? The focal length is the target focal segment on the lens, which is expressed by numbers. The shorter the focal length, the larger the shooting angle, the longer the focal length and the smaller the shooting angle. What subject matter to shoot, what focal length lens you need, such as shooting scenery, generally use a wide-angle lens below 24mm or even a super wide-angle lens to shoot, which can well show the effect of large scenes and is an ideal choice for shooting scenery. Portraits generally choose lenses with focal lengths of 50 mm, 85mm and 85 mm.

What is focus? Focusing refers to adjusting the focal length when using the camera. Generally, digital cameras have various focusing modes, namely, auto focus, manual focus and multiple focus modes.

Focusing is also called aiming light, focusing. The process of changing the distance and the position of the distance through the camera focusing mechanism to make the image of the object clear is focusing. Here are some focusing tips for everyone.

1, to keep the camera stable when shooting, you can use a tripod or lean against a fixed object to avoid camera shake and realize fast focusing, otherwise the focus will deviate once it shakes.

2. In the case of poor light, when the camera autofocus can't focus (when it can't focus, the camera shutter can't be pressed, and when you find that the shutter can't be pressed, it means that the camera can't focus), then you can turn the autofocus switch on the lens to the FM manual focusing end.

What is depth of field:

Here, I will explain to you what depth of field is in common language. The depth of field means that when the lens focuses on the subject, it displays a clear image, which can clearly record the objects in a certain range in two directions of the subject. The range of this clear distance before and after is the depth of field. The role of depth of field is mainly used to express the author's shooting intention, which can guide the viewer's line of sight to the scene that the author wants to express.

Improve one's aesthetic ability;

If you want to shoot excellent photographic works, you should not only master all kinds of photographic skills, but also improve your aesthetic ability and aesthetics. Although it is a subjective vocabulary, subjective things can only be understood but not said, but we also have ways to improve it. If you are born with excellent artistic cells and are good at appreciating and grasping beauty, congratulations, you are suitable for artistic work, but if you lack aesthetic ability. The way to improve the aesthetic judgment in photography is to look at other people's excellent works. Now that the network is so developed, a casual search on the internet will bring many works into view. For example, you are going out to shoot autumn colors. You can watch how people take pictures of golden ginkgo and flaming maple leaves on the Internet … and then observe what angle, technique, composition and collocation they use, and what lens they use to take this picture … and then you can go out and follow the trend, and there will be a surprise receipt, but it will really be for you.

Copyright statement: This article is the original article of "Photography Technology and Skills Learning Class", and the original link must be attached to the reprint, otherwise it will be regarded as infringement.

Basic knowledge and skills of photography. Freeze the wonderful moment with a high-speed shutter.

When shooting a moving subject, shutter priority mode is often used to ensure that the fast-moving subject is "solidified" in the photo. In sports, dance and animal ecological photography, we often set a higher shutter speed and enable the continuous shooting function to freeze the wonderful moments.

▲ Shutter priority, F7. 1,11000 seconds, ISO 200, focal length1000 mm, adjust the shutter speed to11000 seconds to capture the horse racing picture clearly.

Expert tips! The difference between aperture priority and shutter priority when shooting high-speed moving objects

Although using aperture priority to match a large aperture or directly using shutter priority to set a higher shutter speed, you can capture highly moving objects. However, there are differences between them. Aperture priority mode pays more attention to controlling the depth of field of the screen through accurate aperture setting. In this case, when the subject moves to different areas, the shutter speed will change with the change of light. Shutter priority, pay more attention to accurate control of shutter speed. The aperture value will change with the change of light, so the depth of field will also change. It should be noted that when shooting at high shutter speed in shutter priority mode, once the aperture value required for correct exposure exceeds the maximum aperture of the lens, the problem of underexposure will occur and the picture will become dark. In this case, it is necessary to improve the ISO value in time.

Use appropriate shutter speed to show virtual reality and realistic pictures.

When shooting with an appropriate shutter speed (higher than that of a relatively stationary object and lower than that of a moving object), because the relatively stationary object moves slowly and the moving object moves quickly, the trajectory of the moving object can be recorded by using the speed difference between them. While maintaining the clarity of static objects. Using shutter priority can accurately control the shutter speed, showing the aesthetic feeling of combining static and dynamic, virtual and real. This shooting method is often used in sports, stage performances, city streets and some humanistic themes.

▲ Shutter priority, F22, 5 seconds, ISO 200, focal length 27mm. Put the camera on a tripod and shoot at a shutter speed of 5 seconds. Tall and clear downstairs, some people stopped to admire, and some people hurried by. By controlling the shutter speed, the photographer naturally and vividly shows the scenery inside the cathedral.

Expert tips! Difference between aperture priority and shutter priority shooting dynamics

We already know that in the aperture priority mode, using a small aperture can also reduce the shutter speed and record the trajectory of the object. In most cases, such as shooting streams and waterfalls and shooting night traffic, aperture priority and shutter priority can show the same effect. It should be noted that if you want to take a picture of dynamic and static combination. In order to make the moving and static, it is necessary to control the shutter speed accurately. There is a clear subject image and a sense of mobility in the photo. In this case, it is more advantageous to use the shutter first.

Strengthen the dynamic atmosphere with follow-up shooting

Follow-up shooting often uses shutter priority to strengthen the dynamic atmosphere. Set the shutter speed lower than the moving speed of the subject, follow the moving object in the same direction and at the same speed, and press the shutter lightly when entering the ideal shooting point.

While keeping the camera moving. In this way, flowing lines will appear in the photo, and the slower the shutter speed, the more obvious the flowing lines will be.

▲ Shutter priority, F5.6, 1/80 seconds, ISO 100, focal length 300 mm ... The photographer uses the way of tracking photography to show the moment when the motorcycle passes through the water with close-ups. The smoke from the motorcycle, the splashing rain and the blurred background of the subsequent photography are intertwined, full of tension and dynamic.

Zoom shooting and rotating camera

Zoom shooting and rotating the camera are effective means to add some fun to the shooting process. Zooming quickly at the moment of pressing the shutter can make the picture produce strong radial lines. At the moment of pressing the shutter, rotating the whole camera with the center as a fixed point can make the center clear and the surroundings appear blurred. Using shutter priority can better control the shutter speed and try the fun brought by different effects.

▲ Shutter priority, F8,15s, ISO 400, focal length 200mm. After it was completely dark, the night scene gradually lost its charm. At this time, you can just play zoom shooting to increase the interest of the photos.