What problems should novice photographers pay attention to?

First, the camera is professional and technical and practical. As a cameraman engaged in TV program production, his idea can only be realized by mastering modern electronic equipment-video equipment and audio equipment such as camera shooting, recording and editing. So this major has two courses: arts and sciences. The basic theory of TV camera includes three aspects: first, technical theory; Second, skill theory; Third, the theory of creation. "TV camera modeling" belongs to the skill theory part. To master this major, we must learn the basic theoretical knowledge of this major well.

Learning TV camera is like learning swimming. It is impossible to master the camera skills only with book knowledge, and it is necessary to train the technical operation and basic camera skills. This course includes three parts: theoretical teaching, classroom observation and practical work. Therefore, we require students to complete the internship seriously according to the internship content and requirements stipulated in this course.

Television photography and film photography are basically the same in skills, methods and means, but the tools and materials used are different. Therefore, camera photography can learn from the arsenal of TV photography art, and enrich and develop itself in the process of learning from it. Photography and the art of photography

A camera focuses a scene on a CCD (camera device) through an optical lens, and a moving or stationary object is converted into a video signal through photoelectric conversion of the CCD. This signal is converted into a visible image (live broadcast) by electro-optical conversion of a monitor, or a video signal is recorded (recorded) by a video recorder. This behavior process is called camera shooting. In short, camera shooting is to turn the optical image of the subject into a TV signal that can be transmitted. Usually, video is also called a camera. Photographers can be ordinary people or professionals. The professional's senior title is cameraman. Camera is a very broad concept, and its functions are varied. It is widely used in economy, culture, politics, military affairs and all aspects of people's lives. Just as TV is not equal to TV art, photography is not equal to photography art. Camera art refers to the creative process of creating visual artistic images based on drama, using camera technology and artistic means. Photographic works, like other arts, must be the embodiment of the photographer's subjective consciousness.

The art of photography is created with the camera as a tool. Camcorder is a modern advanced electronic technology product, so the camera technology is very high.

With the help of the principle of visual surplus of human eyes, photography enables the audience to see moving images that are almost exactly the same as moving entities in real life, and can realistically reproduce the volume, color, light and shade, texture, three-dimensional, outline, shape, action and movement of the subject, so photography has the function of truthfully recording reality. This function is often used for information dissemination (news), knowledge imparting, recording precious materials and historical documents, family entertainment and so on.

Besides this function, the camera also has the function of artistic expression. It can creatively shape the characters, describe the environment, set off the atmosphere, describe the plot content and reveal the content of the play. The camera shooting of TV series Poems of Daming Palace, Hand in Hand, Beijingers in new york, Comment on Ms. Mei, The Journey to the West, Lush, and One Chicken Feather all give full play to the expressive function of TV camera shooting art, thus making the camera shooting art level reach a certain level.

There are two means of expression in TV camera art: technical means and artistic means.

Second, understand the artistic characteristics of photography

1 and visibility

Novels depend on reading, music depends on listening, and camera art depends on watching. Novels and music can't provide concrete images for people to see. They are time art, not space art. Photography art is both space art (or visual art) and time art..

The novel uses written description to clarify the theme, narrate the plot, portray the characters and describe the environment. Readers imagine and feel artistic images according to descriptions and their own life experiences.

Although the image created by the novel is concrete, it is intangible. Readers need to combine their own life experiences to imagine, and then create a Dream of Red Mansions by Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. In TV series co-produced by cameraman and director actors, the screen image is concrete and visible, and the appearance, behavior, personality and living environment of the characters are vivid. Therefore, it is the basic requirement for photographers to create images with visual attraction, appeal and impact.

2. Movement-performance time process

Painting, photography and sculpture are all visible space arts (plastic arts), so what is the difference between TV cameras and them? Painting and photography can only express dynamics, so they are called instantaneous art, and neither can express the movement process of objects. Photography is not only a space art, but also a time art, which is called time-space art. Photography and photography (photography) both express their contents through the form of pictures. But their two pictures are different. The film and television pictures are moving, but the photos are still. The motion of film and television pictures can be divided into in-picture motion and out-of-picture motion. The so-called in-picture movement refers to the movement of the subject. Off-screen motion refers to the change of picture composition caused by camera shooting in motion. The camera can shoot while moving. The common forms in sports photography are panning and moving. Panning means that the camera shakes left and right, up and down or complex through the pan/tilt or human body, and the camera position does not move, but the shooting direction changes; Moving means that the camera or video camera moves away from the original shooting point and makes various actions such as pushing, pulling, moving, following, lifting and synthesizing.

Photography is a space art, not a time art. A photo can only show the movement of an object, but not the movement process of the object. Film and television photography can not only show the spatial changes of events, but also show the continuation of time. So this is an art of time and space. Photography is a kind of instantaneous art with a single viewpoint, and the occurrence and development process of the events it represents should be completed through the imagination of the audience. For example, founding ceremony, shot by the older generation photographer Qi Guanshan, only shows the great historical moment when Chairman Mao announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) from the perspective of a reporter bystander. Time is fixed and space is single. To express founding ceremony with film and television pictures, we should not only record the beginning and end of this historical celebration, but also record the dynamic scenes of different scenes of the towers in Tiananmen Square. There are not only the activities of state leaders, but also the reflections of the masses in the square from different angles, and reviewing the heroic posture of the army. Finally, you can clip all the pictures together and vividly show the whole time process of this celebration, which is beyond the reach of photos.

3. documentary

Painters don't have to face the scene when painting. They can screen and conceive the accumulation in life through their own technical and artistic means, and finally draw on canvas or paper. Apart from sketching, they generally don't have to face the real thing. Photography must face physical objects-scenery or physical objects, and the objects of photography-scenery and people must be directly visible. On-site shooting can only become an image after lens imaging.

It is precisely because of this feature that TV cameras are denied as an art (including film photography). They think that photography and camera are just a flip of objective reality, just a recording means or technical means, not as creative as painting.

Its transformation is by no means what you hear. The arrangement and choice of photographers on the spot is a kind of creation in itself. Beginners often have this experience. When I first saw the beautiful scenery, it wasn't. Why? There are no ideas (ideas) in choosing distance, angle, camera position, action, light and color. Without ideas, there is no art, only records.

4. Duality-the fidelity of the record is the same as the exaggeration of the hypothesis.

Advanced camcorders can make cameras record and come alive, while making them hypothetical and exaggerated.

Photography, like film photography, is based on the principle of lens imaging and visual residue to obtain moving images, which has realism and credibility that no other art (painting) has. But it is by no means like Bazin said: "After all, it produces the ontology of the subject, and the image is the subject" (Bazin, what we see on the screen is not the subject itself, but the image of the subject.

All art is based on human participation. "Art should never be the same as reality and nature, and it cannot embody art" (Japanese director Yan Qichang)

Similarly, television photography is not a mechanical and unchangeable record of the image of an object. Photographer's choice of shooting object, treatment of light and color, determination of angle, etc. It involves people. Without people's participation, it is not its photography art.

For example, black and white photography can express the color world; The soft and hard tone of the picture, the virtual and real focus, the length of the focal length, the brightness of the light, the level of the angle, and the warmth and coldness of the color will change the modeling effect at any time according to the creator's ideas, which all provide hypothetical and creative possibilities for the photography art.

5. Modernity and complexity of video recording equipment.

The tools used in camera shooting are much more complicated than those used in other plastic arts. For example, painting requires brushes, paints, canvases and paper, while the tools used in literary creation are relatively simple, and pens and paper are enough.

Photography was born later than other arts and is the product of the development of science and technology. Any new achievements in photography are often inseparable from the update of technical equipment, such as the application of shock absorbers, the use of remote-controlled elevators, and the ability to shoot night scenes under low illumination conditions. These modern video equipment ensure the quality of creation. Learning camera should start with mastering advanced camera technology.

6. One-time creation process

Drama, dance, music, etc. According to the audience's reflection and the director's understanding of the creation, partial or significant modifications can still be made after the performance to make it perfect. You can make a manuscript before a painting is completed, and you can make some or even all changes after it is completed. The Mona Lisa was painted for ten years. A novel often has first draft, second draft and third draft. Photography and video recording are all done on the spot. The cameraman is not satisfied with the character layout, picture composition, light and shade, color configuration and lens scheduling, and cannot be modified after completion. This is the regret art of film and television. The one-off creative process requires film and television photographers to have high artistic accomplishment, rich experience, keen thinking, decisive judgment, be good at improvisation and be fully prepared before shooting.

7. The difference between audio-visual art and single visual art

Photography is a "silent" art, which allows people to watch it calmly. Silent telling can enjoy the unique charm more than talking with sound.

Film and television is an audio-visual art, when the picture appears, it needs someone's dialogue, the sound effect of the scene and the later music. Pay equal attention to sound and picture, and convey narrative from audio-visual aspects. The documentary nature of film and television painting and the appearance of sound make the film and television picture more realistic. Television cameras have stricter requirements for sound. For example, when interviewing celebrities, only the pictures are recorded, and the voice of the interviewee is not recorded. This kind of interview is a waste, and the picture has become a waste. Today's audience can't stand watching silent films.

Although photography major and camera major are very close, they are completely different majors.

3. How to learn camera shooting?

Learning film photography is the best way. The movie is over 100 years old (born in 1895). Although there are almost contradictory theories, they have accumulated rich experience. Compared with film art, TV art is still in childhood, so it is inevitable to learn from film photography. /kloc-there is no theory in film photography 0/00 years ago. We can only learn painting, photography, lighting, color, composition and other skills directly from sister art, and find our own characteristics in application to develop ourselves.