What are the basics of photography?

What is the basic knowledge of photography? For novice photographers, faced with numerous camera parameter settings and shooting mode choices, they often feel confused. I don't know where to start. Let's show it and see what the basic knowledge of photography is.

What are the foundations of photography? 1 First, exposure

Exposure in photography simply refers to the process that light enters the camera and leaves an image on the photosensitive element inside the camera. The size of the aperture and the speed of the shutter determine the exposure, while ISO determines the exposure speed of the camera. According to the intensity of light entering the camera, photographic exposure is usually divided into normal exposure, underexposure and overexposure.

Normal exposure

underexposure

Overexposure

Second, measurement.

In order to get accurate exposure, it is necessary to measure light when shooting. Photometry in photography is realized by the camera's built-in photometry system and external exposure meter. Because the external exposure meter is rarely used, the metering mentioned now is mainly aimed at the built-in metering system of the camera.

What is photometry? To put it simply, the camera measures the light of the scene through the photometric system, obtains a correct exposure value, and then sets the appropriate aperture and shutter according to this exposure value. This process of measuring exposure value is called photometry. Taking Canon as an example, the built-in metering system of the camera can be divided into evaluation metering, partial metering, spot metering and central metering.

Third, focus.

Focusing is one of the important links in shooting. When shooting, if the focus is not accurate, the picture will be blurred, even after the later period, it is irreparable. Camera focusing is divided into automatic focusing and manual focusing.

Usually, when we shoot with the shutter half pressed, we often hear a beep, which is a hint of successful focusing through the camera's autofocus function. Auto-focus is divided into single auto-focus, continuous auto-focus and intelligent auto-focus according to the number of focusing times during shooting.

According to the focus range, it can be divided into single-point autofocus, local autofocus and multi-point autofocus.

Four, aperture, shutter, ISO

The aperture shutter ISO can be said to be the most important thing in photography. All the shooting is realized around these three changes. Because the knowledge of the three is relatively large, I won't talk about them one by one here, but only explain their respective functions, so that beginners can have a general understanding and lay the foundation for subsequent learning. The so-called aperture is a large or small round hole composed of a group of small iron sheets on the lens.

It is used to control the amount of light entering the camera. The shutter is equivalent to the curtain on the window in the camera, which is used to control the time when light enters the camera. ISO is equivalent to the light sensor in the camera, and its function is to improve the brightness of the picture. The biggest problem with ISO is that the higher the value, the more noise there is in the picture. Therefore, it is mainly to adjust the aperture and shutter when shooting. The faster the shutter, the shorter the time for light to enter the camera, and vice versa. The larger the aperture, the more light the camera enters, and vice versa.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) safety shutter

This is mainly for hand-held shooting at ordinary times. The so-called safety shutter refers to the lowest shutter speed that will not blur the shooting because of slight hand jitter when shooting with hands. The safety shutter is closely related to the focal length of the lens used. Usually, the value of the safety shutter is the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens used when shooting. For example, if the focal length of the lens used for shooting is 85mm, then its safety shutter is 1/85 seconds. For some inconspicuous focal length marks, the safe shutter speed should not be lower than 1/30 seconds.

Sixth, depth of field

Depth of field is mainly for aperture. When shooting with a large aperture, the clear range of the picture background is relatively small and the blur is serious. When shooting with a small aperture, the clear range of the picture background is relatively large. In photography, the clear distance is usually called the depth of field, like taking a picture with a large aperture and a small clear distance, which is called the large depth of field (shallow depth of field).

Large depth of field

The one with small aperture and large clear range is called small depth of field (deep depth of field).

Small depth of field

Novices often mistake the aperture size for the depth of field because they don't know the depth of field. Here is a relatively simple and feasible method, that is, when looking at the depth of field of a picture, you can look at the aperture value upside down, and you can easily distinguish the depth of field, such as F4 and F20. When the values are reversed, it becomes 1/4 and 1/20, and 1/4 is more important than 1/20.

Seven, the focal plane

This symbol on the camera is the focal plane, which is mainly used for focusing. For the sake of understanding, the focal plane can be imagined as a plane. When shooting, if there are multiple subjects, try to keep them in the same plane, so as to ensure that multiple subjects in the same picture can be shot clearly. Here are two contrast pictures, which are easier to understand at first glance.

What is the basic knowledge of photography? 2. Know the camera.

As a tool for your photography, you should at least know the function of the buttons on the camera. What does the logo on the camera lens mean? The easiest way to understand the camera is to read the instructions carefully.

Familiar with exposure

The detailed information of any photo includes three elements: aperture, shutter and sensitivity, which determine the exposure of the photo. Therefore, beginners must be familiar with the use of three elements of exposure.

Main photometry

Photometry has always been an essential problem in learning photography. The essence of photometry is that the camera tests the brightness of the place you want to know, and provides you with a set of shooting parameters, thus providing the basis for exposure reference for photos.

Generally speaking, cameras have various metering modes, such as evaluation metering, spot metering and central key metering. Photographers need to choose different metering modes to shoot according to the actual situation, and evaluation metering is commonly used.

Understanding light

Photography is the art of light. The photographer smeared and colored the photos with light. Therefore, only by knowing enough about light can we improve our photography level faster and take good-looking photos.

Where did you begin to understand light? First of all, we should know the "secret" of different angles of light, then we should know the shooting skills under different light levels (side light, back light and forward light), and finally apply these knowledge to daily shooting.

Use combination

The success of a photo is largely related to composition. The core skill of photographic composition is to think and confirm the subject of the photo first. The reason why most people fail in composition is based on feeling and luck.

When we learn several basic composition methods, such as three-way composition, triangle composition, diagonal composition and so on. And use it flexibly, you will find it not difficult to take good-looking photos.

Shape and color

The world of photography is rich and colorful, and both the natural world and the man-made world are full of rich and changeable colors. Color gives photos different emotional charm, so if you want to take a good photo, you must not ignore color.

Black-and-white photos, color photos, charming solid color photos, etc. It is the photographer who expresses the emotion of the scene through color and learns to use color, and your photography will become wonderful!

As a beginner in photography, with these basic knowledge reserves, are you still afraid of not taking good photos? I will explain these six basic knowledge of photography in detail in the future, so please continue to pay attention ~

What are the basic knowledge of photography? Three correct ways to hold a camera.

In the basic knowledge of shooting, the most important thing is to hold the camera steady. No matter how well other photographic elements and techniques are mastered, as long as there is vibration at the moment of shooting, the quality of photos will be greatly reduced because of blurred images.

Although tripods can be used to reduce the possibility of vibration, most of them are shot with hand-held cameras, and photographers are often not allowed to spend time placing tripods and fixed cameras at "decisive moments".

Compared with traditional cameras, digital cameras require higher shooting stability. This is because electronic components need extra time to store information, which is often called "time lag".

1, the correct posture of the machine.

Whether standing, sitting or kneeling, the correct posture for holding the machine should be:

(1). Hold the handshake position on the camera side with your right hand, and touch the shutter button with your index finger to shoot at any time.

(2) Hold the bottom of the fuselage with the palm of your left hand, and hold the camera with your thumb and forefinger to stabilize the lens.

(3) Keep your hands and upper arms close to your body, try to keep a natural drooping state and move closer to your body. Never shrug your shoulders. Because the shoulder is lifted for a long time, the shoulder will feel tired and it is more difficult to stabilize the camera.

(4) When holding the camera vertically, generally, the left hand is down and the right hand is up, but also pay attention to the left arm close to the body.

2. Matters needing attention when standing or sitting down for photography

(1), when standing for photography, you should stretch your feet slightly, or stand back and forth, so that you can put your whole body weight on your feet. If you can rely on some fixed objects, such as leaning against the trunk or wall, the effect is better.

(2) Sitting photography has high stability, but foreign objects can still be used to further stabilize the body. A chair back or a table is a good choice.

3. Precautions for kneeling photography

When kneeling, the left foot should be arched, the right foot should kneel on the ground, and the left hand at the bottom of the fuselage should be lifted and supported on the arched left foot. In general, it is difficult to keep your body steady on your knees. It is best to rely on fixed objects, such as trees and walls.

4. The important role of video tape

Put the camera strap on your wrist, hold it in the tiger's mouth for two turns and then tighten it. After putting your thumb through the strap, hold the camera tightly, so that the camera can be integrated with your right hand, which can not only reduce the tremor of your hand, but also hold the camera when you accidentally let go, so as not to fall to the ground and be damaged.