What is backlighting and what effect does it have?

Facing the sun is smooth light, while on the contrary it is backlight. The traditional rule of composition of photography is "the expert looks at the door, the layman looks at the excitement." Since Lao Lang bought a SLR digital camera last year, every time my friends see Lao Lang’s photography works have always praised this machine, but he no longer praises Lao Lang’s photography skills. It seems that people’s attention is more focused on the equipment. No wonder the purchase has always attracted more attention than the application. Later, the angry and depressed Lao Lang finally sold the SLR and continued to use the old wrinkled DC. Lao Lang believes that from the nature of photography, subject, light and composition are the decisive factors in judging whether a photo is excellent, and these have almost nothing to do with tools. Nowadays, many friends in the photography circle like to subvert tradition in composition to show off their rebellion and call it a "breakthrough." Lao Lang is by no means a stickler for rules, and he opposes the same composition, but the artistic rules summarized by his predecessors still need to be respected. Especially for beginners, there is inheritance first, and then there is development - if you don't understand the traditional rules, what is a breakthrough? Of course, photographic composition is a very difficult course, and there are a large number of specialized photography textbooks. Lao Lang can only briefly introduce some generally recognized rules here, dedicated to beginners who have just been "dragged into the water" by the increasingly popular DC. When seeing the scenery in the viewfinder, a well-trained photographer will quickly organize them into basic composition factors such as points, lines, and surfaces to find the best relationship between them. This is composition. Symmetry and balance, rhythm and rhythm, foil and contrast, peculiarity and exaggeration, etc. are all composition aesthetics. Due to space limitations, I will not go into too many theories. Interested friends can read photography tutorials. Today, Lao Lang will use a few examples to introduce friends to the door of composition. In the future, he will also explain the details of composition, because composition is a topic that cannot be ignored when talking about photography. The small bamboo raft in the picture is no more important than the rest of the scene, but without it the photo would be much less interesting because it is the center of the structure. The dividing line between the sea and the beach and the point formed by the girl's back are all near the golden section. Assuming that the proportions of the sea and the beach are equal and the girl is walking in the middle, the composition will be very dull. If the model's eyes are in the middle or on the right side of the picture, the space for the character's gaze will be shortened. Distinguish priorities and highlight the subject. Of course, in portrait photos, the character is the subject, and no matter how beautiful the background is, it is also the foil. However, people often make the characters very small when taking photos (the main reason is that the people run to the scenery and away from the camera, which is a common photography problem of most people), but the scenery is very large, with no distinction between foreground and background. It means that the photo has lost its structural center. For landscape films where "subjects" are less likely to appear, in order to keep the structure of the picture from being loose, it is necessary to choose an object as the fulcrum of the structure, such as a small bridge or a pavilion as the center of the structure, so that they are aligned with the front and rear. Scenery plays the role of connection and reflection. The "subject" in a landscape film is not necessarily more important than other scenes in terms of content, but its role in the center of the structure is very obvious. Simple background, subtractive composition and complex background will bring interference to the subject and even damage an excellent photo. Keep the background simple and concise. Both painting and photography require composition, but the means of expression are different. The difference is that painting uses additive composition, while photography uses subtractive composition. In other words, the composition of paintings always adds some scenery to the picture, while the composition of photography always tries every possible means to subtract unnecessary scenery, and subtracts the dispensable scenery in the background that hinders the prominence of the subject, in order to achieve the perfect picture. Simple and concise. Insatiable greed is the source of failure, while cutting out the complex and simplifying is the mother of success. Tic-tac-toe structure, golden section. In the viewfinder of the camera used by Lao Lang, there is a display format in which two horizontal and vertical lines form a "tic-tac-toe" character, dividing the picture into nine equal parts. At first, Lao Lang didn't know the purpose of this. Later, after learning about composition, he realized that this was done to facilitate composition design: if the picture is divided into a "nine-square grid" style, then the four intersections in the middle are the best places to arrange the subject. . The positions of these four points are close to the golden section point of 1:0.618, making it easy to obtain better visual effects. Because people use two eyes to view objects, the center position is the weakest area visually. Therefore, most photographers will not use the middle part to compose the picture when dealing with lines such as the horizon and sea level, and the focus will generally be avoided. Open the center position. In addition to the four points, there are two important "lines" - the diagonals. Many visual experiences such as convergence, radiation, etc. are related to the diagonal lines implicit in the picture, so composing the picture along the diagonal line is also a very important composition method. A truly professional booth or studio will use a plain background. The purpose is to highlight the subject and prevent branches, telephone poles and other debris from "growing" out of the character. Outdoor photography also follows the principle of keeping the background “plain”. Leave a blank space to enhance dynamics. To make the subject eye-catching and have visual impact, it is necessary to leave a certain blank space around it. This can be said to be a rule for all plastic arts. The general rule of white space is: for side portraits, there should be some white space in the direction in which they are facing; for moving objects (such as moving people or cars), there should be more white space in front of the direction of travel. Of course, this is just a general rule, and white space must be used flexibly. If a walking person emphasizes the fluttering headscarf or dress behind them, or the smoke and dust rising from behind a Mercedes-Benz car, then there will be more space left behind than in the front, because the center of gravity has shifted.