What is the professional name of the "sulcus" on the brain?

There are many tortuous sulcus on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere, which are called sulcus, and the prominent part between them is called gyrus. These sulcus and gyrus are like a crumpled silk. Once flattened, its area is like the size of half an ordinary newspaper, about 2250 square centimeters.

/kloc-scientists before the 0/9 th century believed that various functions of the brain were the result of overall activities. 1870, German young doctors Feriz and Hietzig stimulated the dog's cerebral cortex with electricity, and found that a certain cortical area managed the contralateral movement of the body, so the concept of "motor area" was put forward for the first time. Later, it was found that the cortical motor area had a finer division of labor, which was responsible for specific parts of the upper limb, lower limb and trunk. In addition, there are other functional areas (figure 1).

In this century, penfield, a Canadian doctor, drew a comprehensive and detailed map of the division of labor in the cerebral cortex by means of micro-electrical stimulation. Surprisingly, the projection of human motor and sensory functions on the cerebral cortex is inverted, and some organs (such as hands, lips, tongue, etc. ) Projecting a larger area on the cerebral cortex than those with simple motor and sensory functions (such as trunk) (Figure 2).

Then, French doctor Blocker found that patients with right hemisphere paralysis are often accompanied by aphasia. Post-mortem examination found that the patient had lesions in the left hemisphere frontal lobe; Patients with left hemiplegia are not accompanied by aphasia, so the concept of "language center" is put forward for the first time. For right-handed people (about 90%), the left hemisphere is called "dominant hemisphere", and all related language activities, such as reading and writing, understanding and naming, calculation and reasoning, are located in the left hemisphere.

So, does the right hemisphere (non-dominant hemisphere) have a tendency to degenerate? This is a very interesting question. Judging from the relationship between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, first of all, they are connected by a bundle of powerful nerve fibers (about 200 million nerves)-the corpus callosum, which exchanges information between the two hemispheres. This is both a division of labor and a whole. In 1970s, American scientist sperry and his colleagues performed a brain splitting operation-removing the corpus callosum to treat some patients whose seizures could not be controlled by drugs, and made many very detailed psychological experiments. It turns out that the two hemispheres of the brain have their own independent functions. They are: the left hemisphere has the ability of language, reading, writing, logic, reasoning and calculation; The right hemisphere has the ability to conceive figures and spatial structures, appreciate music and form nonverbal concepts. The thinking activity of the left hemisphere is a unique function of human beings, which can explain the one-sided trend of human brain evolution and development, and also suggest that human brain has great potential.

How much information can the human brain remember at most?

There are140-1600 million human brain cells, and only110 is developed and utilized. A person's brain can store 50 times as much information as the Library of Congress, that is, 500 million books.

The capacity of the brain

In the Guinness Book of World Records, the person who recorded the most cards was an Englishman. He can remember 54 decks of playing cards at a glance (* * * 2808 cards! )。

In the 1920s, Alexander Aitken could remember the digits after the decimal point of pi 1 0,000, but this record was broken by an Indian memory master in 198 1, and he could remember the digits after the decimal point of 3 1. This record was later broken by a Japanese memory master, who can remember 42905 digits after the decimal point!

You may not be able to imitate such amazing skills, but you can improve and enhance your intelligence and memory like these memory masters. No matter how smart you are or how educated you are. There are many skills and techniques that can help you make full use of your brain cells.

The highest part of the central nervous system of the brain is also the main part of the brain. Divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum composed of nerve fibers is connected. The gray matter covering the surface of the cerebral hemisphere is called the cerebral cortex. It contains many pyramidal nerve cells and other types of nerve cells and nerve fibers. The deep cortex is medulla, which contains nerve fiber bundles and nuclei. In the medulla, the ventricle in the brain is the lateral ventricle, which contains transparent cerebrospinal fluid. The gray matter nuclei buried in medulla are basal ganglia. There are many cracks of different shades on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere (the raised part is the gyrus). Mainly central sulcus, lateral fissure and occipital fissure. The human brain hemisphere is highly developed. The surface area of adult cerebral cortex is about 1/4 square meters, which contains about140 billion neurons. They have extensive and complicated connections and are the center of higher nervous activity. The cerebral cortex is connected with the lower center through the medullary internal capsule. The outside of the brain is covered with connective tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid is filled in the cavities, chambers and tubes of the brain, which has protective and nutritional effects. The blood supply to the brain comes from vertebral artery and internal carotid artery.

There are more than10 billion nerve cells in the human brain, which can record about 86 million pieces of information in life every day. It is estimated that a person can store 100 trillion pieces of information by memory in his life.

If you can convert brain activity into electrical energy, it is equivalent to the power of a 20-watt light bulb.

According to some measurements by neuroscientists, the circuit of nerve cells in human brain is more complicated 1400 times than the telephone network all over the world today.

Every second, there are 654.38+ million different chemical reactions in the human brain.

Only 1% of the information continuously received by the five sensory organs of the human body is processed by the brain, and the remaining 99% is filtered out.

The fastest transmission speed of nerve impulses between brain nerve cells is more than 400 kilometers per hour.

The brain is surrounded by a membrane containing veins and arteries, which is filled with sensory nerves. But the brain itself has no feeling, even if the brain is divided into two, people will not feel pain.

The average human brain accounts for 2% of the total body weight, but it needs to use 25% of the oxygen used by the whole body, while the kidney needs 12% and the heart needs 7%. The transmission speed of nerve signals in nerve or muscle fibers can be as high as 200 miles per hour.

There are 45 miles of nerves in the human body.

The number of human brain cells is more than twice the total population of the world, and it can process 86 million pieces of information every day, and its memory stores more information than any electronic computer.