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detective ....
However, many years later, according to the published Simpson case file and the memories of the parties involved, people were surprised to find that the Los Angeles police failed to strictly follow due process in the case investigation, resulting in a series of serious mistakes, which enabled Simpson's lawyer to prove to the jury with enough evidence that Simpson was not necessarily the murderer. It is very likely that someone forged criminal evidence and framed Simpson.
(1) Money may not make the mare go.
When it comes to Simpson's case, both blacks and whites admit that if Simpson is a poor man who can't afford a first-class lawyer, he must go to jail. This is called "money makes the mare go", and it is the same truth at all times and in all countries. However, on reflection, this statement seems a bit unreasonable. The reason is that, in terms of money, the famous boxing champion Tai Sen is much richer than Simpson, who has retired for many years. However, after Tai Sen was prosecuted on suspicion of rape in 1997, although he hired a group of lawyers to appear in court at an astronomical cost, he still could not get rid of the fate of being convicted and spent several years firmly in prison. So, why did Tai Sen fall into the trap of justice, but Simpson escaped?
One explanation is that the jury in Tai Sen case is mostly white, while the jury in Simpson case is mostly black. Black people are particularly close to each other, so they will naturally favor black stars. However, this statement is not completely convincing. Because 12 jurors in Simpson case, although there are 9 blacks, 8 of them are women. Some experts who study juries believe that this composition is particularly unfavorable to Simpson. According to the statistics and investigation of American scholars on the sociological topic "What kind of black men do black women hate most", there are two kinds of black men who make black women angry most: one is to marry a white girl as a wife immediately after becoming famous and rich; One is a rude man who punches and kicks his wife at every turn. Simpson happened to take both these bad things away.
Simpson 1947 was born in a poor black family in San Francisco. He won the Heisman Award, which is the highest honor in the National College Football League. After entering the professional league, he played for new york Buffalo Bills and San Francisco 49ers as the main force, creating an amazing record of sprinting 2003 yards with the ball in a season (which has not been broken so far), and was praised as the best running forward in the history of professional football. After retiring, Simpson devoted himself to movies, TV and advertisements, and played the leading role in the films Naked Gun and Killer Troops. Worked as a sports commentator for ABC and NBC; As the ambassador of Hertz, the largest taxi company in America. In addition, because the abbreviation of OrangeJuice is exactly the same as the abbreviation OJ of Simpson's name, a Florida beverage company specially invited him to shoot an orange juice promotion advertisement, making the English abbreviation OJ synonymous with American sports heroes and super advertising stars.
After Simpson became famous, he has always had the reputation of "playboy" and "black outside and white inside". Unlike Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and other famous black stars, Simpson has no interest in sponsoring activities and investment projects in black slums, but is keen to become a golf club for rich whites. All his friends are white except Collins, his childhood friend. At the same time, he is only interested in white sexy girls. In order to "get rid of the black", he even paid a lot of money to hire a voice correction expert to practice repeatedly and get rid of the strong black slum accent. 1977, Simpson fell in love with NicoleBrown, a beautiful blonde white waitress, in a fancy restaurant, and soon divorced his first black wife. After Simpson and Nicole got married on 1985, their relationship began to crack because Nicole suspected that he had a mistress outside. Nicole repeatedly called the police and accused Simpson of punching and kicking her.
After Simpson's case, many black female jurors repeatedly said that they did not affect the verdict because the defendant was black, or had any personal affection for the defendant. After becoming famous in the world, Simpson divorced his black wife and married another white blonde, which greatly hurt the self-esteem of African-American women. Simpson's rude behavior of beating and scolding white wives made women of all colors shudder. In addition, in American criminal trials, as long as 12 jurors disagree, there will be a "deadlock" phenomenon, that is, the so-called "hanging jury". In this case, the court had to reschedule the court session, and both the prosecution and the defense had to re-elect jurors to hear and hear the case. Therefore, there is no absolute relationship between the unanimous verdict of the Simpson jury that the defendant is not guilty and that the black people constitute the main body of the jury.
So, on what basis did the jury reach the unanimous conclusion that the defendant was not guilty? According to American law, the only basis for making a judgment can only be evidence. America is a country with an open judiciary. Not only should criminal trials be made public, but the original files of major criminal cases, such as trial records, indictments, witness testimony, interrogation transcripts, circumstantial evidence, forensic expert testimony, opening statements and concluding statements of prosecutors and defense lawyers, must also be made public after the case is closed. According to the published Simpson case file, the reason why the jury found Simpson innocent was directly related to the serious mistakes made by the police and the prosecution in handling the case, which made the evidence presented in court unconvincing.
(B) Three major mistakes made by the police in handling cases
Although Simpson's case is the so-called major case of the century, judging from the criminal investigation process of this murder case, there are many loopholes in detecting the case, collecting evidence and following due process, and the professionalism of the police and criminal inspectors involved is really flattering. According to the published criminal investigation records and the memories of the parties involved, the police made at least three major mistakes in handling the case, which had a great impact on the outcome of the murder case.
1. Ignoring the common sense of field investigation
1June 994 12, late at night 1 1: 50, a rare purebred Japanese German shepherd barked, and his paws were covered with blood, which puzzled a couple walking. He followed the German shepherd to a Spanish-style high-class apartment building and found two bloodstained ones. They were terrified out of their wits and immediately knocked on the door next door, trying to call the police by phone. However, the knock at the door in the middle of the night scared the owner half to death. If you think there is a robber, call 9 1 1 immediately. After receiving the police, two LAPD police officers rushed to the scene and found that this was a vicious homicide. After that, they called the Interpol of Major Crimes Unit for reinforcements.
After a large number of criminal police rushed to the scene, after preliminary investigation, it was confirmed that the white woman who was killed was 35 years old and named Nicole, the ex-wife of black football star Simpson. Ronald Goldman, a 25-year-old white man, used to be a waiter in a nearby Italian restaurant. Both of them died because their throats were cut with sharp knives. Nicole's neck was almost cut off, her throat and cervical vertebra were exposed, and blood was sprayed on the knife; Goldman was stabbed more than 30 times and died of jugular vein rupture and massive bleeding in the chest and abdomen. The murder scene was bloody and horrible. Simpson and Nicole's two children are still asleep on the second floor and have not witnessed this terrible scene.
After the identity of the deceased was confirmed, Keith Bushey, the director of the West Police Branch, decided to send several policemen to Simpson's home, which was about 4 kilometers away, to inform him that his ex-wife was killed but the children were safe, and asked Simpson to arrange to take two frightened children home. In addition, the police consider that Simpson is the victim's ex-husband, and his safety is also a concern of the police. At this time, a white policeman named Mark Fourman volunteered to lead the team. In a family dispute on 1985, Nicole was beaten by Simpson and called the police. Foreman is here to deal with their domestic violence case and knows the exact address of Simpson's house. So Philip Wannerth, the police chief in charge of investigating the murder, led Foreman and four other detectives to drive to Simpson's house.
Director Boucher decided to send police officers directly from the first crime scene to Simpson Mansion, which was the first major mistake of the police. The reason is that all the four white policemen who went there have been to the scene of the first murder, and there is blood everywhere. Their police boots and uniforms are probably accidentally stained with blood. According to the usual practice, Director Boucher sent several policemen who had never been to the first scene to inform Simpson to prevent the blood on the first scene from cross-contamination with the blood on Simpson's house, and was later declared as the second scene by the police. This is the basic knowledge of crime scene investigation. However, the police completely ignored this common sense in the Simpson case. In collecting evidence and protecting the scene, the police also made many major mistakes that ignored common sense. After the incident, a large number of criminal police and criminal investigators quickly came to the scene, but the forensic doctor arrived late, and arrived at the scene 10 hour after the incident, missing the best opportunity to accurately identify the victim's death time. When the forensic doctor dissected the corpse, he did not X-ray the corpse, nor did he collect the fingerprint of Nicole's right hand, nor did he make any medical appraisal on whether Nicole was sexually assaulted before her death, which greatly reduced the clues to solving the case. In order to "protect" the scene, the police officers conveniently took some white sheets from Nick's apartment and carefully covered the body. However, because Simpson and Nick were still separated after their divorce, he spent the night in Nick's apartment a few weeks before the incident and often visited the children in the apartment. There will inevitably be his hair or dander on the sheets. In this way, the credibility of the prosecution's evidence in court is greatly reduced.
According to the crime scene photos, defense experts found that Nicole's body had seven drops of blood on her bare shoulder. Judging from the shape and direction of these blood drops, Nicole couldn't have dropped them herself. According to common sense reasoning, these blood drops were probably dropped when someone walked past Nicole's body with blood after she fell to the ground. Therefore, if these blood drops did not come from another victim, Goldman, they must have come from the murderer. In this way, if these blood drops can be proved to be Simpson's, then his suspicion will be doubled. However, when defense experts asked police inspectors to check these blood drops, they were deeply surprised because the police completely ignored the importance of these blood drops. Nicole's body was washed before the autopsy, and these blood drops disappeared forever.
The police are suspected of illegal search.
13 At 5 am in June, four white policemen came to Simpson's house with a wall. They rang the doorbell at the front door for a long time, but no one answered. At this time, Foreman was alone, searching around the fence and found a white Ford Mustang SUV parked on the road behind the fence. After careful observation, foreman called Captain Warner to come and have a look, saying that tiny blood was found on the handle of the driver's door. Winnat and two other policemen were stunned when they saw the blood. They were worried about the danger of the people in the house, so they decided to enter the house for an emergency search.
This search had a great influence on the outcome of the major case of this century, because the police at that time did not have a search warrant. According to the American judicial concept, the police are legal violence and necessary evil, and the power of this institution must be strictly restricted, otherwise it will become a tool for autocratic monarchs and corrupt officials to bring disaster to the country and the people. At that time, in order to prevent the government and the police from doing evil, abusing their powers, and arbitrarily searching and hurting ordinary people, the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution clearly stipulated that the people's right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure of their person, residence, documents and property was inviolable. A search warrant or seizure warrant shall not be issued except for possible reasons, which shall be guaranteed by an oath or a statement sworn by the representative, and specify in detail the place of search and the person or thing seized. In western proverbs, the so-called "private house is a castle, the wind can enter, the rain can enter, and the king can't enter" has been specifically implemented in the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution.
19 14, in the case of Weeks V. United States (1914), the Supreme Court of the United States clearly stipulated for the first time that the federal court must exclude the evidence obtained by the police through illegal search in the trial, which is a famous "exclusion rule" of the American police. 196 1 The Supreme Court stipulated in Mapp v. Ohio (1960) that the "exclusion rule" also applies to state courts. According to this precedent, if the police want to search the house, they must swear to the judge, not only to list the evidence and reasons in writing, but also to specify the location, scope and time of the search in detail. You can't enter the house until the judge has approved and issued a permit. In addition, the police can only act within the scope stipulated in the license, and submit an evidence report to the court after the search. If the police illegally search, it will not only be severely punished by police discipline, but also cause serious consequences that all the evidence obtained will be invalid in court trial. If a judge issues a search warrant in violation of regulations, he will face the danger of impeachment and criminal prosecution.
In American judicial precedents, the provisions on search and seizure are ever-changing. In almost every criminal case, the defense lawyer's first job is to question the legality of the police search and evidence collection procedures. However, the laws and regulations on search are extremely complicated and lack clear provisions. For example, it is illegal for the police to stop and search civilians, but if someone is speeding, the police have the right to stop the driver and issue a ticket. However, if the police take the opportunity to ask for a body search and a car search, the driver has the right to refuse on the spot. However, if the police accidentally find a cigarette end similar to marijuana in the back seat of the car, do the police have the right to search the car without a search warrant? If the police searched the whole car and found no drugs, but accidentally found illegal guns, then is it unconstitutional for the police to search the car? Can the seized illegal guns be used as court evidence? There is no uniform standard and answer to these complicated legal problems, and the judge can only judge the situation at the trial and make a judgment as appropriate.
After the 1960s, the "exclusion rule" was greatly criticized by all walks of life in the United States because of the sharp rise in crime rate. Critics believe that too strict implementation of the "exclusion rule" will cause great difficulties for the police to solve the case. Many times, just because the police were careless or eager for success, and did not strictly follow the procedures, many criminals got away with irrefutable evidence. After President Nixon took office, he appointed four conservatives to hold important positions as justices, trying to overturn or correct the precedent of "Warren Court" being "soft-hearted" to criminals. Since then, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the "exclusion rule" has changed slightly. 1984, in the case of United States v Lyon (1984), the Supreme Court stipulated that when the search did not fully meet the procedural requirements, if the police acted in good faith and reasonably believed, the court could cite the evidence seized during the trial.
In the Simpson case, the four policemen involved are all veterans, each of whom has more than 20 years of criminal investigation experience. I'm afraid they know more about cases and laws that restrict police searches than rookie lawyers. Any policeman with a little legal knowledge should understand that although the ruling in the case of the United States v. Lyon is favorable to the police, the so-called "good faith" and "reasonable belief" in this case are ambiguous and ambiguous. The murder of sports superstar Simpson will undoubtedly be a major case of the century that sensationalized the whole country. In order to prevent being used by defense lawyers, the police should be extra cautious and strictly follow legal procedures.
In the Simpson case, judging from Foreman's discovery of blood and his long-term failure to open the door, the trespassing behavior of four policemen can barely be regarded as "reasonable belief". However, once the police find Simpson and his family are not in danger after entering the house, they should stop searching. Simpson's house can only be searched legally after contacting the judge and applying for a search warrant.
But inexplicably, in the absence of imminent danger and non-emergency situations, Officer Foreman was alone and couldn't wait to continue searching Simpson's home, which led to the police's second major mistake in this case. After deciding to enter the house, foreman volunteered to jump over the fence and open the front door from the inside. Four policemen went straight to the building. However, after ringing the bell for a long time, no one answered the door. So they went around the back of the house and knocked on the doors of three separate rooms. In the first room, a sleepy white man came out to open the door. He claimed to be Simpson's good friend, named Kato Carlin. He told the police that Simpson's eldest daughter, born to his first black wife, lived in the second room next door. When the police woke Simpson's daughter from her dream, Wannerth asked her anxiously where Simpson was going. She replied that her father had flown to Chicago last night to participate in a commercial golf tournament arranged by Hertz Company a long time ago. The police officer immediately called Simpson long distance and told him the bad news that his ex-wife was murdered. Simpson was shocked when he heard the news and said that he would return to Los Angeles soon.
When Werner and others asked Simpson's daughter and called, Forman asked Lin Kai alone in the next room to find out if there was anything unusual last night. Lin Kai said that at about 10: 45 in the evening, he heard a loud noise behind the guest room and the paintings on the wall were shaken. He thought it was a slight earthquake and didn't take it to heart. The foreman became suspicious and immediately pulled out his pistol and went to the guest room to search alone. About 18 minutes later, Forman called out to other police officers and said that a black leather glove with blood on the right hand was found in the air-conditioned aisle hanging behind the house, which matched the other glove found at the murder scene. However, no other blood stains, suspicious footprints and traces were found at the scene of blood gloves. The foreman explained that it was probably in the middle of the night. When the lights were dim, the murderer fled to the back of the house, accidentally bumped into the air conditioner and left his gloves in a panic.
After finding the blood gloves, the police found more clues. They found traces of blood drops in the driveway of the front door of the fence and the path from the front door to the door. In this way, the police thought Simpson was suspected of murder, so they declared Simpson's house as the second crime scene of the murder case and formally applied to the judge for a search warrant. In the later search, foreman found a pair of socks stained with blood on the carpet of the bedroom on the second floor, which became one of the important evidences accusing Simpson of murder.
However, Foreman searched Simpson's house alone without a warrant and in a non-emergency situation, which caused serious problems for the police suspected of violating due process of law. According to American law, under the special circumstances that some people's lives are threatened, the police can contact the judge by telephone or other modern means of communication. After knowing the situation at the scene, the judge may verbally authorize the police to conduct a search. Only in an emergency where life is threatened or criminal evidence may be destroyed can the police break into houses and search. However, this was not the case when the police entered Simpson's house.
During the preliminary hearing, the defense accused the white detective of being biased and preconceived. As early as the beginning of the crime, Simpson was designated as the main suspect, and then he deliberately found an excuse to break into the house and search illegally. In this way, if the judge decides that the police are unconstitutional, the seized blood and blood gloves will become "suppressed evidence" and cannot be presented at the trial. However, after hearing the police's defense, the judge ruled that the search was legal. Nevertheless, in the court debate, in the face of fierce pursuit by defense lawyers, Forman could not account for his life and death. As a veteran with many years of criminal investigation experience, why do you still have to search the house alone when you know there is no warrant in a non-emergency situation? The defense suspects that Foreman's eagerness to break into the house is probably an opportunity to forge evidence to frame the defendant.
The police officer returned to the scene with blood sample.
12 At noon on June 3, when Simpson hurried back to Los Angeles from Chicago, the police had sealed off his house. The police officers in charge of the investigation, Werner and Langer, asked him to come to the police headquarters to clarify some doubts, and Simpson immediately agreed.
At this time, Simpson's personal lawyer asked to accompany him, but Simpson insisted that he had absolutely nothing to do with the murder and did not need a lawyer. Before cross-examination, Wannerth read Simpson a Miranda warning, reminding him of his right to remain silent, and a lawyer was present during cross-examination. However, Simpson agreed to give up his right to silence and talked with two policemen alone for more than half an hour, hoping to provide some clues for the police to solve the case. Traditionally, if Simpson is a murderer who left bloodstained gloves and socks on the back of the guest room and bedroom carpet, even if he borrowed 10 from his finger when he killed, I'm afraid he wouldn't dare to deal with experienced policemen alone without a lawyer present. On the day of the crime, when he was emotional and greatly stimulated, if he was upset, contradictory, full of lies and full of flaws during the cross-examination, his confession would become an important evidence for the prosecutor to accuse him of committing a crime. In American society, the "Miranda warning" that criminal suspects have the right to silence is a household name. If he has ulterior motives, he can refuse the interrogation according to law, or at least ask a lawyer to sit on the interrogation table and calm down. However, Simpson did not do so.
Ironically, the police wasted a golden opportunity to interrogate Simpson alone. In the years of solving crimes, the police seem to have become accustomed to the silence of suspects like elm bumps, and rarely encounter the good thing that suspects voluntarily give up their right to silence, and have long forgotten the strategies and skills of interrogating suspects. During the trial, the two policemen were very polite and didn't ask Simpson where he went on the day of the murder. Their questions are illogical and incoherent, far below the level of junior students in police academy. According to common sense, police officers should get to the bottom of the matter, pursue it, get as many confessions as possible, and conduct cross-examination until Simpson refuses to answer questions or asks a lawyer to be present. However, the police hastily withdrew their troops and voluntarily ended the trial. In this way, the police did not get any clues to solve the case, nor did they get any confession that could be used to sue Simpson. Afterwards, the prosecutor who presided over the prosecution was furious.
During the trial, Wanart told Simpson that the police found some suspicious blood in his house. Simpson immediately offered to provide his own blood sample to clarify the truth. So the police nurse took a blood sample from Simpson. Traditionally, in order to prevent the blood sample from solidifying and deteriorating, the police added preservative (EDTA) to Simpson's blood sample. At this time, Wanat noticed that Simpson's left hand was bandaged and showed signs of swelling. Simpson explained that his finger was broken somehow. He gave an ambiguous and inconsistent explanation for the specific breaking time. With Simpson's consent, Wanart instructed the photographer to photograph the wound. It is worth mentioning that Simpson is only a suspect at this time. Although the judge has issued a search warrant, he has not formally issued an arrest warrant. If Simpson has a ghost in his heart, he can refuse to cooperate with the police, take blood samples and take pictures of the wound.
Incredibly, after receiving Simpson's blood sample, the special police chief Wan Er did not immediately send it to the criminal laboratory of the police station one step away, but returned to the murder scene 32 kilometers away with the blood sample. After three hours, Werner slowly handed the blood sample to Dennis Fung, a criminal inspector who was taking samples at the scene. There is such a ridiculous criminal policeman in the world, holding the suspect's blood sample and walking around the murder scene with blood everywhere for three hours. During the trial, in the face of questions from defense lawyers, Wanat explained that according to the work regulations, all evidence must be registered and numbered before it can be sent to the criminal laboratory for filing. Dennis Feng is the police officer in charge of registering numbers, so he returned to the crime scene with blood samples. However, the defense seized this important doubt and greatly exaggerated it. Defence lawyer Cochrane dismissed Vanatt and Foreman as "a pair of liars". The jury's doubts about the police's alleged violation of law and discipline, planting and framing have greatly deepened.
Wanat returned to the first crime scene with a blood sample, which was the third major mistake of the police in this case. During the trial, the police nurse testified that he took about 7.9 to 8.7 ml of blood samples from Simpson that day. However, the defense experts found only 6.5 ml of blood samples in the police laboratory. In other words, about 1.4 to 2.2 ml of Simpson's blood sample is missing. The defense suspects that Wanart returned to the first crime scene with blood samples, possibly to falsify evidence.
(3) Road pursuit and criminal prosecution
After interrogating and taking blood samples at the police station, Simpson learned that he had become the number one suspect. In order to avoid the harassment of the news media, he temporarily hid in the mysterious mansion of a lawyer friend halfway up the mountain and began to organize a "dream lawyer team". Simpson borrowed football terminology and gave himself the title of team owner and coach. Sapiro, a famous Jewish lawyer, plays the role of "quarterback" and is responsible for coordinating and directing the team's attack. He used to be the lawyer of Hollywood movie star Marlon Brando. Cochrane, a famous black lawyer, holds an important position of running forward. In the 1970s, he served as the Deputy Attorney General of LA, then went to the sea as an intern, became a prestigious barrister in the legal field, and helped Michael Jackson, a music superstar, fight a lawsuit.
Sapiro's lawyers are well-connected and resourceful. He invited a famous criminal lawyer in Boston, Libelli, who is considered to be one of the top cross-examination experts in American lawyers. Lawyer Xie Ke was invited from new york. He is the number one authority who is good at applying DNA evidence in criminal cases. Dr. Baden, an anatomy and forensic expert, was invited from Albany. He is the chief medical examiner in the assassination of President Kennedy. Since the jurisdiction of the Simpson case belongs to the California courts, Sapiro invited ullman, a California legal expert and dean of the Law School of the University of California, Santa Clara, to join the team. He once served as the defense lawyer for ellsberg, the protagonist in the case "The New York Times Company v. USA" (197 1).
With such a strong lineup, Sapiro is still restless. Sapiro persuaded Alan Dershowitz, a professor at Harvard Law School, to join him because the police were suspected of illegal search, which was related to the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution. This professor used to be the legal assistant of Supreme Court Justice Arthur J. Goldberg (1962- 1965), and he is a prestigious constitutional authority and appellate lawyer in the United States. In order to ensure victory, Sapiro invited Dr. Li Changyu, director of the Criminal Laboratory of the Connecticut Police Department, as an expert witness. This man is a Chinese-American criminal forensic expert. He is well-known in the international police field for his exquisite and unique criminal investigation and evidence collection technology, and has been praised as "contemporary Sherlock Holmes" by the media for repeatedly solving strange cases. In addition, Simpson also offered a huge reward of $500,000 to the informant who provided clues to solve the case, and hired several famous private detectives to investigate the truth of the murder. According to experts' estimation, the total cost of maintaining the normal operation of the "dream lawyer group" is at least 6 million US dollars.
17 On the morning of June 8, that is, five days after the incident, according to the results of on-site blood test and DNA test, the prosecution decided to put Simpson on file. The police asked him to surrender on time at 10 in the morning. At this time, lawyer Sapiro, Dr. Baden and Dr. Li Changyu from the "Dream Lawyers Team" are learning about the case from Simpson, and collecting hair, blood and other test samples from him. Sapiro asked the police to delay for several hours on the grounds that Simpson was depressed and psychologically unstable. In the morning 1 1, the police refused the extension request and sent criminal police to the mysterious mansion to arrest Simpson.
Around noon 12, Simpson suddenly disappeared when the criminal police arrived at the mansion. Before he left, he left a farewell letter, which said, "Nick's death has nothing to do with me. I love her, always loved him, and always will. If there is any contradiction between us, it's just that I love her too much. " Finally I wrote: "Please don't feel sorry for me. After all, I have a brilliant life and countless friends. Please remember the real OJ, not people who have lost their way in life. " At 3 pm, the police released Simpson's photo and license plate information on TV, announcing that he was a wanted man. Lawyer Sapiro held a press conference, read Simpson's farewell letter to the media, and begged Simpson not to commit suicide on TV.
So, does Simpson intend to escape and escape? It doesn't seem much. At 5: 56 pm that day, the police found Simpson's white mustang on the California highway. For about six hours, his SUV has been wandering around the suburbs of Los Angeles.
This is a detective case. Look at it.
There is Li Changyu upstairs, so I'm just saying.
Li Changyu's resume:
1938 was born in Rugao county, Jiangsu province.
1959 graduated from Taiwan Province Central Police College.
1972 Bachelor of Criminology, City University of new york.
1974 master of biochemistry, new york university.
1975 Ph.D. in biochemistry, new york University.
1975 assistant professor of criminal science, university of new haven
1978 tenured professor at the university of new haven and head of the department of criminal science.
1979 became the director and chief forensic expert of the criminal laboratory of Connecticut Police Department.
1998 became the police chief of Connecticut.
By the way, I think detectives have this right. Think about it.
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