Miluo photography

The earliest works of fine arts in the West were produced in the late Paleolithic period, that is, between 30,000 years ago and 1000 years ago. The most outstanding original paintings are found in dozens of caves in southern France and northern Spain, the most famous of which are the murals in Lascaux Cave in France and altamira Cave in Spain. The images in the paintings are all animals, which are lifelike and vivid. Most of the original sculptures found at present are carved by small animals. Among the minority portrait sculptures, nude female statues occupy the main position. These female statues exaggerate the physiological characteristics of women and highlight their breasts, buttocks, abdomen and thighs. It reflects the primitive people's worship consciousness of motherhood and reproduction. The female statue unearthed in Willendorf near Vienna is called "Venus of Willendorf" and is one of the most famous masterpieces.

base period

Prehistoric art, also known as "primitive art", the earliest works of art in the West were produced in the late Paleolithic period, that is, between 30,000 years ago and100,000 years ago. The most outstanding original paintings are found in dozens of caves in southern France and northern Spain, among which the most famous are the murals in Lascaux Cave in France and altamira Cave in Spain. The images in the paintings are all animals, which are lifelike and vivid. Most of the original sculptures found at present are carved by small animals. Among the minority portrait sculptures, nude female statues occupy the main position. These female statues exaggerate the physiological characteristics of women and highlight their breasts, buttocks, abdomen and thighs. It reflects the primitive people's worship consciousness of motherhood and reproduction. The female statue unearthed in Willendorf, near Vienna, Austria, is called "Venus of Willendorf" and is one of the most famous masterpieces.

development period

Ancient art

It is customary in the west to call the period from the end of Neolithic Age to the Middle Ages ancient, specifically from 4000 BC (the appearance of words) to 476 AD (the demise of the Western Roman Empire). It mainly includes the fine arts of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome.

Sculptures in Mesopotamia (that is, the area between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, also known as the two river basins), such as the relief of code of hammurabi in the kingdom of Babylon and the relief of Assyria, show the tense scenes of war and hunting, which are extremely realistic and full of fierce dynamics.

Huge pyramid buildings in ancient Egypt, portraits carved according to the forehead law and mysterious and magnificent sphinx.

Freedom and democracy in ancient Greece created buildings, sculptures and paintings with democratic ideas, among which many handsome and elegant sculpture images remain in the world, such as Milos discus thrower and Venus. Especially charming.

Roman art inherited the tradition of ancient Greece, but Roman art was more pragmatic. The huge Colosseum and Pantheon are outstanding representatives of ancient Roman architecture. Pompeii frescoes buried by Vesuvius ash for more than 700 years/kloc-0 show us the unique features of ancient Roman painting.

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages refers to the 5th century A.D. (marked by the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D.) to the15th century (the dawn of the Italian Renaissance), marking the entry of the West into the Christian era. Restricted by Christianity, medieval art did not pay attention to the real description of the objective world, but emphasized the expression of the so-called spiritual world. The high development of architecture is the greatest achievement of medieval art. Byzantine churches, Romanesque churches and Gothic churches all have their own artistic creativity. Combined with religious buildings, sculptures, mosaics and murals have also made certain achievements.

The Renaissance

14-16th century European Renaissance art, with the aim of adhering to realistic methods and embodying humanistic thoughts, created a brand-new art that best conforms to the realistic humanity under the banner of tracing back the artistic spirit of ancient Greece and Rome.

Italy's Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael are the three representatives of Renaissance art. Leonardo da Vinci is both an artist and a scientist. His masterpieces The Last Supper and Mona Lisa are considered to be the first in the world famous paintings. Michelangelo, on the other hand, left a model work that best represented the artistic level in the heyday of the Renaissance in sculpture, painting and architecture. The characters he created are magnificent, strong and verve. Raphael is the most successful with his beautiful and elegant image of the Virgin. His Madonna is lofty and ordinary, and is regarded as the embodiment of beauty and goodness, which fully embodies the ideal of humanism.

17th century

Baroque art appeared in Europe in the17th century, originated in Italy and was popular all over Europe. It is characterized by the pursuit of passion and sense of movement, emphasizing gorgeous decoration. This style is embodied in painting, sculpture and architecture. Rubens of Flanders is a representative figure of baroque painting, and his passionate and colorful paintings have a lasting influence on western painting. Contemporary masters of realism, such as Rembrandt in the Netherlands and velazquez in Spain, also have baroque characteristics to some extent.

18th century

Rococo style rose in France in the18th century, and then spread to other European countries. Rococo art is characterized by the pursuit of fineness and exquisiteness. Representative painters are Hua Tuo, Boucher and fragonard. With the arrival of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789, progressive artists revived the heroic spirit of ancient Greece and Rome again and launched the neoclassical art movement. Its representative painters are David and Angel of France. Romanticism rose with the decline of neoclassicism. The Raft of Medusa by Gregory of France is regarded as the pioneering work of romantic painting, but Delacroix is the main leader of this movement. His paintings are strong in color, bold and unrestrained in pen, and full of strong passion. His representative works include Shia Island Massacre and Free Leadership of the People. Luther's La Marseillaise and Carpau's Dance are outstanding romantic sculptures.

19th century

/kloc-the middle of the 0/9th century was a period of prosperity for realistic art. French painter Courbet is an advocate of realism. His masterpiece "The Funeral of Onan" is a "human comedy" in painting, while "Masonry" profoundly reveals social contradictions and shows the author's sympathy for the working people. Miller, a hardworking and simple farmer painter, praised the hard-working farmers with mellow and sincere feelings.

Du Miai, a political satirist, has created a large number of prints and oil paintings with profound thoughts and exaggerated images. Kohl Huizhi, a German female printmaker, created a series of copperplate and lithograph prints reflecting the workers' movement and peasant revolution with her social democratic thoughts and distinctive personal style. Russian critical realism produced outstanding painters, such as Lie Bin and Surikov. The works of French sculptor Rodin also have certain realistic characteristics.

Impressionism came into being in France in the late19th century. This school of painting appeared with an innovative attitude, which opposed the outdated artistic concepts and rules of the classical academic school at that time, was inspired by modern optics and chromatics, and paid attention to expressing the effect of light in painting. Representative painters include Manet, Monet, Renoir, Degas, pissarro and Sisley.

After impressionism, new impressionism (represented by Seurat and Sinek) and post-impressionism (represented by Cezanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin) appeared. In fact, post-impressionism and impressionism are not the same in artistic opinions, or even completely opposite. Among them, Van Gogh's paintings emphasize his strong feelings, with bright colors and bold lines. Gauguin's paintings have symbolic meaning and decorative lines and colors. Cezanne's painting pursues geometric structure, so it is known as "the father of modern art".

modern art

Since the 20th century, modern art has shown a variety of schools and styles. 1905 Fauvism painting, represented by Matisse, emphasizes the simplicity and plainness of form and pursues the decoration of the picture. 1908 cubist painting, represented by Braque and Picasso, inherited Cezanne's molding law and decomposed natural objects into geometric blocks, thus fundamentally breaking away from the visual laws and spatial concepts of traditional painting.

With the establishment of 1905 German Bridge Society and 1909 German blue rider Society, expressionism, as an important school, entered the painting world, focusing on expressing the painter's subjective spirit and inner feelings.

1909, there was a futuristic art movement in Italy. This school of painters was keen on using cubism to decompose objects to express moving objects and feelings. Abstract works of art came into being around 19 10. Representative painters are Russian painter Kandinsky and Dutch painter Peter mondriaan, representing lyric abstraction and geometric abstraction respectively.

Dadaism emerged during the First World War. This school of artists not only opposed war, authority and tradition, but also denied art itself and everything. Duchamp painted a beard on Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and regarded the urinal as a work of art, which is the embodiment of Dadaism.

With the decline of Dadaism, surrealism appeared on this basis. Based on Bergson's intuitionism, Freud's psychoanalysis and dream psychology, this school of painters tries to express the unconscious and subconscious world. His paintings often combine concrete details and fictional artistic conception to express dreams and hallucinations. Representative painters are Ernst, Rene, Xia, Dali,.

Abstract Expressionism painting, represented by Pollock and De Cunin, which emerged in the United States after World War II, integrated the characteristics of abstraction and expressionism, and emphasized the freedom and automaticity of painter's action.

Pop art, which sprouted in Britain in the early 1950s and flourished in the United States in the mid 1950s, inherited the spirit of Dadaism. In his works, a lot of waste, commercial posters, movie advertisements and various newspaper pictures are used for collage and combination, so it is also named New Dadaism. Representative figures are American painters John, Robert Lawson, Andy Warch and so on.

Surrealism (or photographic realism) movement, which rose in 1970s, is characterized by objective reproduction and realistic description by using photographic results. Representative painters are Close and Perstan, among which Andre and Hansen are the most famous sculptors.

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