Aerial Remote Sensing Survey on the Present Situation of Land Resources in Zhangjiajie City

13.2. 1 classification and evaluation of land use status

(A) classification of land use status

The basic basis for carrying out urban land use status survey and compiling urban land use status map is the classification of urban land use status. Whether the classification is scientific and reasonable is directly related to the results of urban land use status survey and the use value of related materials. This urban land survey is carried out in accordance with the national GBJ 137-90, namely "Urban Land Classification and Planning and Construction Land Standard", and the following classification principles have been drawn up:

(1) Urban land classification is to scientifically reflect the nature and structure of all kinds of land under the premise of meeting the needs of urban planning, and to classify and determine the grade based on the current use and use nature of land.

(2) According to the meaning and subordinate relationship of the classification of relevant standards, the classification system of three levels, namely, large category, medium category and small category, is established in turn.

(3) The urban land classification adopts the mixed coding of English letters and Arabic numerals, and the categories are represented by English letters, and the middle and small categories are represented by Arabic numerals in the lower right corner of the categories.

(4) The classification and code of urban land use shall conform to the provisions of "Table 2-0-5" in GBJ 137-90.

According to the classification principle of land use status in Zhangjiajie City and the remote sensing interpretation signs of land use categories, taking GBJ 137-90 as the criterion, and adopting three-level classification and unified coding, 10 first-level categories, 37 second-level categories and 9 third-level subcategories are finally determined (omitted).

(2) Evaluation of construction land and land use structure

(1) Construction land evaluation

According to article 4-2-/kloc-0 of GBJ 137-90, the per capita single building index is planned by computer statistics. The situation of construction land in Zhangjiajie is as follows: the per capita residential land is 46.38 m2/ person, exceeding the target (18.0 ~ 28.0 m2/ person); The per capita industrial land is 3.60 m2/ person less than the target (10.0 ~ 25.0 m2/ person); The per capita land for road squares is 7.73 m2/ person, reaching the target (7.0 ~ 15.0 m2/ person); The per capita public green space is 5.37 m2/ person, which is less than the index (≥7.0m2/ person).

(2) Evaluation of land use structure

Residential land: The residential land area is 293.5 hectares, accounting for 47.60% of the built-up area. Residential land ranks first in urban land, exceeding the national standard that residential land accounts for 20% ~ 32% of construction land. The total area of residential land of Class III and IV is 264.7 hectares, accounting for 90. 19% of the residential land area. Calculated from the per capita residential land, it is 39 m2/ person, and the land use index is relatively high. However, because most of them are low-rise buildings, the actual utilization rate of residential land is not high, and the per capita housing area is low. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant municipal administrative departments should appropriately build multi-storey apartment buildings in the future.

Industrial land: The main factories in Zhangjiajie are located in the south of the city, including wood-based panel factory, chemical plant, cement plant, second chemical plant and paper mill. The dominant wind direction in spring and summer in this city is southeast wind, at which time the smoke and dust emitted by factories have a great influence on the urban area; The dominant wind direction changes to northwest wind in autumn and winter. At this time, the factories in the south of the city have little influence on the urban area, but the smoke from the chimneys of urban life affects the urban area. The industrial land area of this city is 22.8 hectares, accounting for 3.69% of the built-up area, not exceeding the national standard 15% ~ 25%.

Land for road squares: the land area of road squares in this city is 48.9 hectares, accounting for 7.94% of the built-up area, which basically reaches the lower limit of 8% ~ 15% of the built-up area of the national standard. Urban roads are distributed in a grid, with loops and main roads as the skeleton and secondary roads as the network, which generally constitute a developed highway traffic system.

Green land: the green land area of this city is 50.0 hectares, accounting for 8. 10% of the built-up area, which has reached the national standard that green land should account for 8% ~ 15% of the construction land. The city is surrounded by mountains, so there is a lot of room for manoeuvre in opening up green space. With the development of scenic tourism and the expansion of urban area, urban greening and green space construction will be promoted rapidly.

Land utilization rate: the unused land area of this city is 66.9 hectares, accounting for 5.2% of the total area of the survey area. The unused land is mainly the sloping land along the banks of Lishui River and some limestone bare land. 94.8% of the surveyed area is used land, and the land utilization rate in Zhangjiajie City is high.

13.2.2 air and surface water pollution

(a) Air pollution source-chimney

In the built-up area controlled by aerial photography, there are three cement and brick chimneys 13 (table 13- 1), including 9 industrial chimneys and 4 living chimneys. Although the number of chimneys distributed in this city is small, because the urban area is small and they are all in the built-up area controlled by aerial photography, the exhaust gas emitted by them has a great impact on the urban air quality.

Table 13- 1 Table of Main Air Pollution Sources and Exhaust Emissions in Zhangjiajie City

(2) sewage outfalls and sewage flow.

Through aerial photo interpretation, data collection and field investigation, the following sewage outlets and water pollution areas have been identified in the urban area.

(1) Sewage outlets on both sides of the Ganxi River: The sewage outlets are located on both sides of the Ganxi River on the north side of Xianrenxi Reservoir, 2 kilometers southwest of the mapping area, and are formed by the sewage disposal sites of paper mills, chemical plants and other units, which mainly discharge industrial wastewater into the Ganxi River, with an annual discharge of 600,000 tons. The main pollutants are chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids.

(2) Sewage outlets along the Zhangjiajie Railway: The sewage outlets of Zhangjiajie Chemical Plant, Zhangjiajie Wood-based Panel Factory and Zhangjiajie South Station (train) located on the north side of Liu Jiao Railway in the south of the city form a sewage outlet group. The main industrial wastewater flows into Lishui in Luyu Bay through the sewage outlets, with an annual discharge of 300,000 tons. The main pollutants are suspended solids and cadmium.

(3) Sewage flow in Ximenxi: The clear water flow section of Ximenxi shows a 3 ~ 5 m wide brown and dark green curved belt image in aerial photos, which is obviously the characteristic of polluted water. In fact, this river has become a sewage ditch in the city 1. Kogawachi discharges domestic wastewater and a part of industrial wastewater. Every year, 4.5 million tons of wastewater is discharged into Lishui through Ximenxi estuary. The main pollutants are chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. The discharged wastewater forms a tongue-shaped pollution flow with a width of 10 ~ 15 m and a length of 150 m in Lishui water near the north bank, which is shown as a gray strip in aerial photos.

(4) Dongmenxi sewage flow: Dongmenxi water body is dark green, grayish green and other colors in aerial photos, indicating that it is sewage flow. It is mainly domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater discharged from urban areas, with 3 million tons of wastewater discharged into Lishui every year. The main pollutants are chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. The sewage discharged from Dongmenxi has formed a pollution zone with a width of 10~20 m and a length of 10 ~ 20m near Lishui (gray and brownish green stripes in aerial photos).

13.2.3 green space classification and green coverage rate

(A) the classification of green space and greening status

According to the Regulations on Urban Greening Planning and Construction issued by the Ministry of Construction [1993] No.784 and the specific types and distribution of urban green space, the green space in Zhangjiajie City is divided into seven categories, and the respective areas and total areas of the seven types of green space in Zhangjiajie City are determined through remote sensing interpretation and field investigation.

(1) public green space (GN 1): parks, small gardens, street green spaces and other waters within their scope.

(2) Green space attached to the unit (GN2): green space attached to public facilities such as factories, institutions, schools, hospitals and military units.

(3) Residential green space (GN3): the green space in the residential area except the district parks and street trees.

(4) Production green space (GN4): a nursery for producing seedlings, turf, flowers and seeds for urban greening.

(5) Protective green space (GN5): forest belt and green belt used for isolation, hygiene and safety.

(6) Scenic forest land (GN6): the forest land in the city that relies on natural landforms to beautify and improve the environment.

(7) Road greening land (GN7): the land covered by the greening of street trees and the vertical projection of tree crowns in cities.

The total area of green spots controlled by natural color aerial photography in Zhangjiajie is 783.75 hm2, and the total area of greening is 136.90 hm2. According to their proportion, all kinds of green spaces are ranked as follows: attached green space GN2(4 1.7%), public green space GN 1(24.8%), residential green space GN3(23.0%), road green space GN7(4. 1%) and scenic green space GN6 (6).

(2) Green coverage rate

After calculating the patch area and green coverage area of each greening, the number of patches, green area and patch area included in the range of eight levels of green coverage were classified and counted (Table 13-2). According to the points and distribution of the greening classification in the table, the remote sensing interpretation map of the greening status in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province was compiled.

According to the statistical indicators of urban greening in document Cheng Jian [1993]84 of the Ministry of Construction, three indicators, such as urban greening coverage rate, urban green space rate and per capita public green space, are calculated within the aerial photography control range of the built-up area.

Based on the investigation of the greening status of urban built-up areas and the comparative analysis between the relevant statistical results and the national urban greening standards, the following evaluations are made: the per capita public green space is 2 1.63 m2/ person, which has reached and exceeded the national standard (10m 2/ person); The green coverage rate is 17.47%, which is far from the national standard (30%).

Table 13-2 Statistics of Greening Classification, Green Space and Patch Area in Zhangjiajie City

13.2.4 tectonic activity and stability zoning

(1) Neotectonic movement and seismic activity

(1) Neotectonic activity: According to regional data, since Neogene, the early faults in this area have been reactivated under the action of overall uplift and NE-SW compressive stress field dominated by tension and torsion, among which the Wang Jiajie-Guwan fault zone is the most significant. The fault zone is northeast across the map area, and it is the middle section of Huayuan-Dayong-Cili fault zone, which has been active for a long time since Mesozoic. This fault zone is also an important high heat flow anomaly and neotectonic active zone in the province, and there are as many hot springs distributed along this fault zone as 1 1.

According to field observation, the fault zone has obvious signs of activity since Cenozoic, and the landform is a trench rift with a strike of 70 NE. The total fault distance is greater than 2800 m in the west and less than 1000 m in the east, which is inclined. Microscopically, small gullies develop along the secondary fault surface of the fault zone. On the outcrop, there are fault gouges with different widths on the main section and the secondary fracture surface, in which the flaky and banded debris are slightly oriented, indicating that the fault zone has been active since Cenozoic and has intermittent rebound.

(2) Seismic activity: According to historical records, there have been 18 earthquakes in Huayuan, Yongshun, Dayong and Cili since 1604. The map area is located in the middle of the belt, and there have been 12 earthquakes in history, most of which were non-inductive earthquakes, and only two were felt earthquakes. The biggest one occurred in Dayong (now Zhangjiajie)1February 28th, 786, with intensity of 6 degrees and magnitude of 5. 1, which caused landslides and ground fissures and blocked the river for dozens of miles. The earthquake in the map area is a tectonic earthquake, and its source is in the ne fault zone of Huayuan-Dachong-Cili (i.e. Wang Jiajie-Guguwan fault). The Neogene activity of this fault zone is frequent. According to the data of relevant departments, Zhangjiajie city in the map area is designated as a seismic intensity area of magnitude 6.

(2) Stability zoning

The main factors of stability evaluation are:

(1) Structural stability: mainly manifested in the intensity of current fault structure activity and its relationship with seismic activity frequency;

(2) Stability of rock mass and soil: mainly refers to the lithologic characteristics of bedrock and the granularity and cementation characteristics of loose sediments;

(3) Foundation stability: mainly refers to rock weathering, erosion, soil erosion, collapse and landslide.

Tectonic stability is the main factor to determine stability, and it is also the main basis for first-class stability zoning. Only when the structural stability is the same can the latter two factors become important factors under certain conditions.

Based on the analysis of regional geological structure background, this area is located in the middle of northwest Hunan terrane, bounded by Huayuan-Dachong deep fault (Wang Jiajie-Guwan fault zone is a part of it), and divided into Jura-type fold deformation zone and Caledonian fold thrust deformation zone, while Wang Jiajie-Guwan fault zone has been active for a long time since Mesozoic. Therefore, according to the stability zoning factors and evaluation principles, this area is divided into three areas: (1) Metastable area. (ii) Relatively stable regions; (3) Stable areas.

13.2.5 traffic flow of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles

(A) motor vehicle traffic flow

The motor vehicles on the road are measured by aerial photography, and the main and secondary roads in Zhangjiajie city13 (10: 00 ~15: 00) and the intersection of Zhangjiajie city 14 (10: 00 ~/kloc-0) are determined. The remote sensing interpretation map of traffic flow in Zhangjiajie city, Hunan province is compiled.

Table 13-3 statistics of two-way traffic of motor vehicles at major intersections in Zhangjiajie city

(2) Traffic flow of non-motor vehicles

Through the measurement test of non-motor vehicles by aerial photography, the two-way average flow of non-motor vehicles in Zhangjiajie urban area 13 main and secondary roads (10: 00 ~ 15: 00) and 14 intersection (10: 00 ~ 65438+) is determined.

13.2.6 Classification and types of building density

(A) building density classification

According to the explanation and calculation, the building density of Zhangjiajie can be divided into seven grades. According to the computer video interpretation and the comparison with similar "sample area" building density, the building density of all kinds of map spots is calculated (Table 13-5).

Table 13-4 Daily two-way traffic statistics of non-motor vehicles at major intersections in Zhangjiajie City

Table 13-5 Statistical Table of Percentage of Spot Check of Building Density in Zhangjiajie City

(2) Building density type

(1) High-density building area: it mainly refers to the area (or map spot) with building density > 50%, with a total area of 132.40 hm2, accounting for 19.80% of the total building area of the map spot, mainly distributed in the residential areas on both sides of Lishui and the former residential areas in the north of the city. Most of these building areas are low-rise old buildings with small plot ratio, small building spacing, narrow roads and poor infrastructure. In addition to retaining some old building areas with cultural relics, tourism value and national style characteristics, we should gradually transform or plan reconstruction in order to make full use of urban land resources, improve the building volume ratio and improve the urban environment. Its construction should reflect the scenery along the river.

(2) Medium density building area: mainly refers to the area (or map spot) with building density of 25.0 1% ~ 50.00%, with an area of 292.8 1 hm2, accounting for 43.80% of the total building area of the map spot. This kind of building area is mainly distributed in the northern main city and along the southern railway. It is a building area that has been formally planned, designed and built. Mainly for institutions, schools, factories, enterprises and new residential areas. Mainly low-rise buildings, but also new high-rise buildings. It has reasonable layout, complete facilities and good environment. It is the main building area of Zhangjiajie and the main carrier group of economy and culture.

(3) Low-density building area: the area (or map spot) with building density less than 25.00%, with a total area of 243.32 hm2, accounting for 36.40% of the total building area of the map spot. Mainly urban parks, Nanzhuangping Development Zone, the seat of Lishui Municipal Government of Henan Province, civil aviation summer resort, scattered houses in the south, etc. The construction of this new area represents the development and future of Zhangjiajie architecture. It can be seen from the remote sensing images that these areas are planned and designed with a brand-new concept. For example, Nanzhuangping New District has built a neat and wide high-grade cement road network, and the outline of its residential area has already appeared. There is also a large area of zero building area in the south, and now it is breeding vegetable fields and fish ponds. Now it is a city vegetable supply base. If the base moves out and the village community is planned and transformed, it will provide a large area of construction land for urban expansion.

13.2.7 urban tourism resources development

Zhangjiajie city is not only rich in natural tourism resources such as Wulingyuan and Tianzishan sandstone peak forest scenery, but also rich in tourism resources, mainly focusing on historical and modern human landscapes, as can be seen from the results of remote sensing survey.

Zhangjiajie was built because of tourism, but also because of the development of tourism. Since the founding of the city, the municipal party committee and the municipal government have formulated a "tourism-driven strategy", aiming at the goal of "building Zhangjiajie into a well-known tourist attraction at home and abroad" (Jiang Zemin,1March 28th, 995), strengthening planning and opening up, and gradually transforming the advantages of tourism resources into the advantages of tourism economy. The urban area has increased the investment and construction of tourist facilities, completed the construction of key projects such as railway station, Lotus Airport and Lishui Second Bridge, developed information industries such as telecommunications, radio and television, rapidly improved municipal construction such as road traffic greening, improved tourism institutions, established tourism education, built a number of tourist hotels and shopping malls, and managed and protected the ecological environment. All these have greatly enhanced the function and role of Zhangjiajie Tourism Center.

Some major tourist resources in the urban area have been protected and developed, such as the famous Puguang Temple and the memorial hall of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Soviet areas, which have become must-see places. However, other resources may not have entered the planning and have yet to be developed.

(1) About the ancient city wall: According to aerial photos taken in 1950s, the ancient city wall reflecting Zhangjiajie's history and great tourism value remained intact after liberation. Unfortunately, it was demolished in the later urban construction process and the present city wall road was built. We found that a corner of its southeast section still exists, so it is suggested that: ① this section of the ancient city wall should be protected by the cultural relics protection department and should not be destroyed again; (2) Organize relevant departments to carry out investigation, planning and project development to restore the original appearance of the ancient city wall; (3) Build a pavilion on the wall that reflects the style of the ancient city of Zhangjiajie.

If this project can be developed, I believe it will add a new landscape and charm of the ancient city to Zhangjiajie's urban tourism.

(2) About Nanzheng Street and Yanhe Street: Nanzheng Street and Yanhe Street near the river still retain old houses and shops. It used to be a bustling commercial center and a place with the characteristics of an ancient city. It is suggested that this ancient commercial street should be planned and rebuilt in accordance with the ancient style of Ming and Qing Dynasties to restore its original appearance. Here, operators can wear Tujia, Bai and Miao costumes, and can build theaters and teahouses as venues for folk performances such as Yang Dayong Opera, Nuo Opera, drumming, waving dance, embroidery, flower picking and paper cutting. Once Nanzheng Street and Yanhe Street are restored to their original appearance, they will inevitably become another tourist hotspot in Zhangjiajie.

(3) About Tianmendong aerobatic exhibition competition: "99" Zhangjiajie aerobatic exhibition competition caused a great sensation at home and abroad, and aerobatic competition brought people new ideas, new forms and new contents for the development of tourism resources.

First, this is an activity invested and undertaken by Zhangjiajie Huanglongdong Tourism Company, which has changed the previous practice of the government doing everything. This kind of organization is the first in the province, which provides a new idea for similar large-scale activities in the future.

Secondly, the superior flight conditions of the airport and the unique natural conditions of Tianmen Cave are skillfully combined to successfully hold a flight adventure performance, which fully proves that the masses have unlimited imagination and creativity in realizing the optimal allocation and integration of tourism resources.

Third, the choice of special flight time is also commendable. In the off-season, this will attract tourists from all directions to Zhangjiajie, forming a new tourism boom. This activity inspires people how to break through the limitation of climatic conditions and make full use of resources, so that the tourism here is thriving all year round.

13.2.8 Zhangjiajie in historical changes

(A) Dayong County in the 1950s

The first remote sensing image of Dayong County (Yongding Town) was obtained by aerial photography at 1958, which truly recorded the changes of the county in the early days of liberation. As can be seen from the image, the ancient city wall in Qing dynasty is still intact, and the urban area retains the basic architectural pattern composed of the ancient city pool and the commercial area on the north bank of Lishui. The new changes are the extension of roads and the construction of a number of infrastructure such as government office buildings, and the construction area has expanded by 0.54km2 The external transportation is still dominated by Lishui sea (Nanmen Wharf was built at 195 1). 1953 Yongshun-Dayong Highway opened to traffic (Tongjishou, Yongshun).

(B) Dayong County in the early 1980s

The second remote sensing image taken by 1980 shows that the face of the county has changed greatly.

Traffic changes: 1978 Liu Jiao railway runs through the south of the county from east to west, and sets up Dachong South Station and Dachong North Station to drive the construction of the station area and urban area. Dayong South Station is a mixed passenger and freight station, and it is a cargo distribution center in the border region of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, forming a transportation pattern dominated by railways.

Urban construction and development: 1978 Most of the ancient city walls were demolished and the city wall roads were rebuilt along the northwest section. 1980 The reconstructed north-south streets include Nanzheng Street, Renmin Road, Jiaochang Road, Beizheng Street and Da Qiao Road, while the east-west streets include Along Road, Jiefang Road, Tianmen Road and Chongwen Road. The total length of the street is 8 160 m, the width of the street is 20 ~ 25m, and the road area is 255.5mu, which is 17 hm2. The urban area expands in both east and west directions. There are new buildings around Lishui South and North Stations, which adopt reinforced concrete structure. The urban construction area reaches 1.29 km2 and the population reaches 26 1.73.

(C) Zhangjiajie City today

The natural color image map of Zhangjiajie city obtained by micro ultra-low altitude aerial remote sensing technology is the third aerial remote sensing data in the history of Zhangjiajie city, which reflects the new look and scene of Zhangjiajie city in detail.

Rapid expansion of urban area: the speed of urbanization is accelerating, the urban area is expanding rapidly, and the population is increasing greatly. According to the statistical data of remote sensing survey on land use status of this project, the built-up area within the surveying and mapping scope is 6. 16 km2, which is 4.78 times that of 1980, 4.45438+0.45438 times that of 1954 and 4.78 times that of the population of the built-up area before liberation. 466668646

Urban construction has developed rapidly: new municipal party Committee compound, municipal government office building, municipal construction Committee, traffic control and other municipal office buildings have been built; Newly built Zhangjiajie Lotus Airport and Zhangjiajie Railway Station; A number of cultural and educational facilities such as Wuling College have been newly built. Many new factories have been built; A number of roads and bridges such as Woods Road (first-class asphalt road), Lingyuan Road, Jiaochang Road, Airport Road and Lishui Guanyin Bridge have been built. A large number of tourist hotels, commercial buildings, farmers' markets, tourism management and tourism service institutions have been built; A number of residential quarters and modern style accommodation buildings have been built.

After more than ten years of construction, Zhangjiajie has become a modern tourist center with a certain scale, sound management institutions, developed modern transportation and urban public facilities.

13.2.9 planning suggestions for Zhangjiajie's built-up area

One of the ultimate purposes of this project to carry out remote sensing investigation of urban environment and resources is to provide scientific basis for the decision-making departments of the municipal government to formulate future urban construction plans. At present, the first problems to be considered in Zhangjiajie urban planning and design can be summarized as follows:

Construction of second-class residential areas, urgent treatment of Lishui pollution;

Widen the ring road in the north of the city and build a cement dike for flood control;

Planting trees and grass, greening the city and speeding up the construction of development zones;

We must inherit the changing history and create new tourism content;

Establish a remote sensing monitoring station and drive into the information fast lane.

Specific planning suggestions can be summed up in the following nine items:

(1) Transform the third and fourth types of residential land in the urban area, build the second type of residential land with middle and high floors as the mainstay, and then build a residential district with beautiful environment and complete facilities.

(2) Control surface water pollution in advance, and prohibit the discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater to Lishui and its tributaries. Dredge the river, build a swimming pool, and turn the Lishui River in the urban area into a leisure beach and water area. At the same time, it is necessary to gradually change the energy structure of residents' production and life and control man-made air pollution.

(3) For Lishui, which crosses the urban area, the construction of flood control dikes should be improved, and all the dikes on both sides of Lishui in the urban area should be changed into cement dikes, which is an important measure for flood control and disaster reduction.

(4) In the construction of urban transportation system, firstly, we should expand the triangle ring road consisting of Woods Road, Lingyuan Road (northern section), Anchang Road and Tianmen Road (western section) in the northern part of the city. The northern line and the eastern line of the ring road are already high-grade pavements, and the ring road construction can be completed by widening a long road of Tianmen Road and Southwest Line. The completion of the ring road not only eased the traffic pressure in the urban area, but also created the first beautiful scenery to enter the urban area.

(5) Develop the northern, western and southern parts of the urban area, plant scenic trees along the edge of the city and build forest parks; Re-planting street trees in the main streets of the city and increasing green spaces, hedges and green islands; Construction of green scenery belt along the banks of Lishui River. Let Zhangjiajie become a veritable green ecological city.

(6) Renovating old high-density low-rise buildings in urban areas, expanding medium-high-rise buildings in medium-density areas, and accelerating the construction of Nanzhuangping Development Zone in low-density areas. In addition, the expansion and development of the built-up area in Zhangjiajie are in the "sub-stable area", so the architectural design of the new area construction should consider the seismic factors.

(7) The ancient city walls and commercial streets built in the early period of urban history are precious historical heritages, which should be inherited, protected and developed, so as to make them glow with new vitality and become new tourist hotspots. Enhance the historical and cultural taste of the city, and make the "human landscape" and "natural landscape" two tourism resources complement each other and blend into one.

(8) The aerobatic performance in Zhangjiajie provides a new idea for the development of urban tourism resources. Therefore, it is suggested that while developing scenic tourism, more innovative and colorful tourism activities should be held to promote the development of urban tourism.

(9) The construction of "3s(RS, GIS, GPS)" technology and "Urban Environmental Resources Remote Sensing Monitoring System" will be included in the construction plan of digital Zhangjiajie, so that the tourism economy and social development of Zhangjiajie will enter the fast lane of the information superhighway in the new century.