One of the comprehensive land surveys: the second survey to find out the family background.

Land survey is aimed at natural attributes (area, location, shape, etc. ) and social attributes (ownership, price, grade, other economic relations and legal relations, etc. ) and its changes and trends. It is an important means to comprehensively verify and find out land resources, a very important public welfare and basic work, and one of the basic tasks for the state to formulate relevant economic policies and sustainable development strategies. The Land Management Law establishes the land survey system, and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Land Management Law stipulates the basic contents of land survey, including land ownership survey (cadastral survey), land use status survey, land status survey and land use dynamic monitoring. On February 7, 2008, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Regulations on Land Survey (the State Council Order No.518), which clearly stipulated the contents and methods of land survey, organization and implementation, treatment and quality control of survey results, publication and application of survey results, commendation and punishment. In order to fully understand the land use situation in China, on February 7, 2006, the State Council issued the Notice on Carrying out the Second National Land Survey (Guo Fa [2006] No.38, hereinafter referred to as Document No.38), and decided to carry out the second national land survey from July 6, 2007.

First, the second national land survey is an important measure to strengthen and improve macro-control.

The land survey in China has a long history, which can be traced back to the end of primitive society. According to Records of the Historian, when Dayu was harnessing the water, he made a rough survey of the land. Entering the class society, all previous dynasties attached great importance to land survey, but the purpose was single, mainly to collect taxes. By the Northern Song Dynasty, the land survey system was basically formed. In the Ming Dynasty, a relatively complete cadastral atlas-fish scale atlas was established. After the founding of the Republic of China, in 19 15, the Regulations on Economic Boundary, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on Economic Boundary and the Regulations on Economic Boundary Investigation were promulgated. For the first time in the history of China, the scope, land types, survey methods and accuracy requirements of land survey were determined by law.

After the founding of New China, in order to find out the base of China's land resources, the State Council approved the report of the former Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries and other five departments on further land resources investigation in document 1984 in 1984, and deployed it to carry out detailed land investigation nationwide, that is, the first national land survey, in order to comprehensively find out the type, quantity, distribution and utilization of China's land. This survey lasted 12 years, mobilized more than 500,000 investigators and invested more than one billion yuan, which basically found out the land use type, area, distribution, ownership and utilization status in China at that time, and on this basis, established the national land use change investigation system. The results of the first national land survey were announced to the public on 1999. The survey results show that as of June 365438+1October 365438+1October 3 1, the national cultivated land area 1.95 1 100 million mu, and the per capita cultivated land area 1.59 mu. The data of the first national land survey provided important basic data for the sustainable development of China's economy and society and the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of land resources.

After the first national land survey, in order to keep the survey results current, the former State Bureau of Land Management issued the Notice on Issues Related to Comprehensively Carrying out Land Change Survey and Establishing and Perfecting Cadastral Daily Management System ([1995] Guo Tu [Ji] Zi No.68), and decided to carry out a nationwide land change survey every year. Land change survey is to establish a database of land use status on the basis of national land survey, based on the data of land change survey in the previous year, and take the change map as the base map of the change survey in that year to investigate, count and summarize the annual land use change information. Land change survey results are published regularly to maintain the accuracy and status of land survey results. On the basis of unified time data, the change investigation should find out the annual changes of all kinds of land, and master the situation of cultivated land, construction land, agricultural structure adjustment, ecological returning farmland, land development, reclamation and consolidation, and affected cultivated land in each year of the country.

Since 1996 completed the first national land survey, China's industrialization, urbanization and new rural construction have developed rapidly, and the national land use situation has changed greatly. The scale of land occupied by non-agricultural construction has expanded rapidly, and the contradiction between land supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. The results of land change survey in 2006 show that as of June 2006, 365,438+1October 3 1, the national cultivated land area was18.27 million mu, a net decrease of 4.602 million mu compared with 2005, with per capita cultivated land area 1.39 mu and construction land of 4. At the same time, since the change survey was conducted in some areas from 65438 to 0996, the administrative boundaries and control areas have changed greatly due to reasons such as changing counties into cities, withdrawing townships and merging towns. In many places, the base map of land use survey, which is the basis of change survey, can no longer meet the needs of change survey due to factors such as irregular production, damage and excessive accumulated change area. In addition, due to the constraints of funds, personnel, technical means, system construction and human factors, the survey results can not fully and accurately reflect the current situation of land use. Therefore, the State Council decided to carry out the second national land survey.

Carrying out the second land survey, comprehensively grasping the quantity and distribution of construction land, agricultural land, especially cultivated land and unused land, and grasping the structure, quantity and distribution of land in various industries are important basis for scientifically formulating land policy, reasonably determining the total land supply and implementing land control objectives; Carrying out the second land survey, comprehensively grasping the quantity and distribution of cultivated land in China and the ownership of each land, especially surveying, registering and cataloguing basic farmland, is the fundamental premise of implementing the strictest cultivated land protection system; Carrying out the second land survey and comprehensively obtaining accurate and reliable land use data and maps is an important support for scientific planning, rational utilization, effective protection and strict management of land resources; It is an important measure to carry out the second land survey, find out the actual situation of land use in various places, build national, provincial, municipal and county survey databases, and establish a rapid updating mechanism of land resources information.

Second, the main tasks of the second land survey

According to the requirements of the State Council Document No.38, the main tasks of the second national land survey include: conducting rural land survey to find out the utilization status of various rural land in China; Carry out urban land survey, and master the urban land status of urban built-up areas and towns where the county seat is located; Carry out basic farmland survey to find out the situation of basic farmland in China; Build a land survey database to realize the interconnection and sharing of survey information. On the basis of investigation, establish a mechanism for investigation, statistics, timely monitoring and rapid updating of land resource change information.

(A) on the rural land survey

Rural land survey is the core and main work of the second land survey. According to the survey plan, the rural land survey is divided into two parts: the survey of rural land use status and the survey of rural land ownership. The rural land survey takes 1: 1 000 as the scale and counties as the basic unit. According to the unified technical standard of land survey, with orthophoto map as the survey base map, the land use status such as land type, location, scope and area was investigated block by block to find out the distribution and utilization status of cultivated land, garden land, grassland, woodland and rural residential areas in China. The investigation of rural land ownership is mainly to find out the ownership of rural collective land and the right to use state-owned land such as roads, railways, rivers, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery farms (including troops, reform-through-labour farms and land used). Make full use of land survey results, speed up land registration and certification, and complete the registration and certification of rural collective land ownership.

(2) Urban land survey

Urban land survey refers to the land survey in cities and towns, with the scale of 1:500. Urban land survey should be based on the technical regulations of cadastral survey, make full use of modern surveying methods such as global positioning system (GPS) and total station, and make use of the existing cadastral survey results to find out the status of urban construction land use rights and determine the boundary, scope, boundary, quantity and use of each piece of land in cities and towns. Through summary and analysis, we can master the status of industrial land, infrastructure land, financial and commercial service land, real estate land and development park land.

(3) investigation of basic farmland

Basic farmland survey is to delimit and adjust basic farmland protection areas (blocks) on the basis of rural land survey and overall land use planning, implement the land use status of basic farmland protection plots (blocks), collect statistics on the distribution, area and land type of basic farmland, and register them in Shanghai Stock Exchange.

(4) Statistical investigation of special land use.

Special land use statistical survey is based on rural land survey and urban land survey, collecting and using relevant information, and making statistics on the utilization of land in industry, infrastructure, financial and commercial services, development parks and real estate.

Through the second national land survey, on the basis of rural land survey and urban land survey, the state will establish a land survey database and management system integrating images, graphics, land types, areas and rights at the national, provincial, city (prefecture) and county levels. At the same time, through the land change survey, the results will be unified to the same time point of June 65438+1October 3 1 2009, and the land survey results will be summarized step by step.

In order to maintain the current situation of the survey results, since the second half of 2009, the state has continued to carry out the annual land change survey, and all localities have conducted a comprehensive survey on the land use change in this area, and timely summarized the survey results; The state establishes a timely monitoring system, regularly monitors the changes in key areas and key land types by using high-tech means such as aerial (sky) remote sensing, regularly covers the whole country, timely checks the changes in various places, and makes good use of the monitoring results to maintain and apply the results. Formulate relevant laws and regulations on land survey, statistics and registration, gradually establish a stable and permanent survey team, ensure survey funds, and further improve the unified national land survey, statistics and registration system.

Three. Progress of the Second Land Survey

Since the launch of the second national land survey in 2007, land survey institutions at all levels in China have earnestly implemented the requirements of "implementing various safeguard measures" and "scientific investigation according to law" and actively carried out their work. At present, all work is progressing smoothly and historic breakthroughs have been made in some important areas.

(1) Make overall arrangements and smoothly carry out the second national land survey.

On June 22nd, 2007, a video conference was held in the State Council to fully mobilize and deploy the second national land survey. A leading group for the second national land survey was set up in 3/kloc-0 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), headed by a competent government leader, with an office responsible for the second national land survey. The central government has approved 21.1.60 billion yuan for the second national land survey. The Office of the Leading Group for the Second National Land Survey in the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the National Land Survey Office) and local survey offices have seriously organized and carried out the training of land survey business backbones, teachers and technicians. The National Land Survey Office has held four training courses, training about 2,000 business backbones and technicians, and held provincial-level training courses 124, with about 20,000 trainees. Through various forms, the second land survey was comprehensively publicized and reported, which laid a good foundation for the second land survey.

(two) to formulate the work plan of land survey and promulgate relevant technical standards and norms.

In order to carry out the land survey scientifically, the National Land Survey Office has formulated and issued the "Overall Plan for the Second National Land Survey" and its implementation plan to make overall arrangements for the second national land survey. 3 1 province (autonomous region and municipality) has formulated corresponding implementation plans. On August 10, 2007, the National Standards Committee officially promulgated the Classification of Land Use Status (national standard), which unified the classification of land use. In order to ensure the smooth development of the second national land survey, the National Land Survey Office has successively formulated and issued technical specifications and management regulations such as Technical Specification for the Second National Land Survey (Industry Standard), Technical Specification for Basemap Production, Technical Specification for National Verification, Standard for Land Use Database, Standard for Urban Cadastral Database, Technical Specification for Database Construction and Inspection and Acceptance Measures, so as to further standardize the second national land survey. Technical Specifications for Basic Farmland Survey, Technical Specifications for Database Integration, Overall Verification Scheme and Methods for Collecting Results are being formulated and will be released after expert argumentation. According to the national technical specifications and standards, combined with local conditions, all localities have formulated the implementation rules and operational norms of their own regions.

(three) actively carry out the legal construction of land survey.

According to the requirement of "investigation according to law" led by the State Council, on February 7, 2008, the State Council formulated and promulgated the Regulations on Land Investigation (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which clearly stipulated the contents and methods, organization and implementation, handling and quality control of survey results, publication and application of survey results, commendation and punishment. The promulgation of the "Regulations" has made the land survey in China more law-based and rule-based, which is of great significance for scientifically and effectively organizing and implementing land surveys, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of land survey data, implementing the strictest farmland protection system, strengthening and improving macro-control, and promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development.

(four) efforts to promote the production of survey maps, and steadily carry out on-the-spot investigations.

According to statistics, as of March 2008, the country has purchased and distributed 8.43 million square kilometers of remote sensing data and produced 2.522 million square kilometers of base maps (excluding 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers of western mapping). Through supervision and inspection, 700,000 square kilometers of base maps and 360,000 square kilometers of base maps have been distributed. The production of the base map is progressing steadily. Field investigation has been carried out in 88/kloc-0 counties, covering an area of 2.304 million square kilometers, and 493,000 square kilometers have been completed. At present, except that some areas are organizing aerial photography or receiving satellite remote sensing data due to the lack of remote sensing data that meet the requirements of production survey base maps, the rest have determined the production units of base maps and are making survey base maps. At the same time, in order to complete the production of base maps on time, the National Land Survey Office drafted the Interim Provisions on the Production Management of the Second National Land Survey "Red Huang Ka" and signed a production commitment letter with the production unit.

Fourth, several issues that need attention

In order to ensure the smooth progress of the investigation, various localities have formulated a series of measures according to the actual situation, including unifying technical specifications, establishing the bidding system for investigation teams, the filing system for scheme evaluation, the inspection and acceptance system and the accountability system. However, there are still some problems in land survey: first, although land survey budgets have been compiled in various places, the budget implementation rate is low, especially in poor areas, and it is difficult to raise funds; Second, some problems left over from history are difficult to solve in a short time; Third, it is difficult to obtain remote sensing data in some areas in the short term, especially in the southwest where aerial photography is planned, and it is even more difficult to obtain remote sensing data. In view of these problems, the author thinks that land survey offices at all levels should take measures, coordinate in many ways, respond flexibly and actively solve the problems.

(a) to speed up the production schedule of the base map, make a plan, and ensure that the mapping base map is provided on time and as planned.

At present, the production contract of the base map was not signed until the end of 2007, which directly affected the production progress of the survey base map. According to the plan, the production of 3.07 million square kilometers of base map should be completed before the end of 2007. However, due to climate, data supply cycle and other factors, by the end of 2007, only 6.5438+0.23 million square kilometers had been completed. In view of this situation, the author believes that the national land survey office should try its best to collect and purchase remote sensing data. For some areas where it is difficult to obtain remote sensing data, plans should be made in advance, and the data time limit will be relaxed when necessary, allowing the use of existing historical materials in this area. At the same time, accelerate the application research of radar data that is not affected by weather, and provide a new way for obtaining remote sensing images in areas that are greatly affected by climate.

(two) active communication, multi-party coordination, to solve the problem of insufficient investigation funds.

In 2007, according to the principle of "division of responsibilities between the state and local governments", there was no subsidy for the second land survey in poverty-stricken areas in the central funds, and the finance of poverty-stricken counties in most provinces could not provide funds for the second land survey. The author believes that land survey offices at all levels should actively take measures to ensure the smooth flow of funds for the second land survey. The National Land Survey Office should keep abreast of the actual situation of poverty-stricken counties in various provinces, count the total amount of funds needed for land survey in poverty-stricken counties nationwide, report to the Ministry of Finance on a special topic, and apply for the second land survey subsidy in poverty-stricken areas; At the same time, the state should also give policy support and help to areas that have difficulties in applying for investigation funds.

(3) Make plans in time to solve problems left over from history.

In the process of investigation, some problems left over from history have appeared in various places, such as how to deal with illegal land that has not been approved for construction in the change investigation, the contradiction between "forest right certificate" and "land certificate" in the confirmation of rights, and the convergence of provincial boundaries. The author believes that relevant parties should make clear relevant policies in time, strengthen communication and contact, grasp the specific situation of historical problems by means of special investigation, put forward effective solutions to different problems, and solve them by stages and batches.