On the chaos and unmanned management of official ships in classical Chinese

1. Nobody cares about classical Chinese. No one cares from Qian's Peach Blossom Spring.

During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest, and I caught a hundred steps on the shore. There were no miscellaneous trees, and the grass was delicious and colorful. Fishermen are very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor.

If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. By boat, by mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be cheerful. The land is flat and spacious, the houses (shè) and (yǐ n) are natural, and there are fertile fields and beautiful mulberry ponds. Money (qiān) blames (mi) traffic, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Men and women are familiar with each other's clothes (zhuó). Yellow hair, happy.

Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You still have to (yāo) go home and set out wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Yun's ancestors led their wives to the city (Yi) to avoid the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, they came to this desperate situation and did not come back, so (Su) was isolated from the outside world (Ji). You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This person has a sound every word, and he sighs without exception (w m \u n). The rest (yú) went back to their homes, eating and drinking. I stopped for a few days and then resigned. This China language (yù) says: "(wèi) is not enough to be a humanitarian."

Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And under the county (j and n), yi (y) can be said to be the satrap. The satrap (Qi m￠n) followed him, found what he wanted, got lost and lost his way.

Nanyang people (Ji), when he was noble, heard about it and happily planned to go, but failed, and finally found out the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.

Translation:

In the first year of the Jin Dynasty, everyone in Wuling took fishing as a profession. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest, which grew hundreds of steps on both sides of the stream, with no other trees in the middle. Flowers and plants are bright and beautiful, and falling petals are staggered and messy. The fisherman was very surprised by this. Row forward, trying to reach the end of the peach blossom forest.

The end of the peach blossom forest is the birthplace of the stream, so I saw a mountain. There is a small hole in the mountain, which vaguely seems to have light. Leave the boat and go in through the hole. It was very narrow at first, and only one person could pass through. I took dozens of steps forward, and my eyes suddenly opened up. Flat land, neat houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry forests. The paths in the field are intertwined, and the chickens and dogs hear each other. People come and go to farm, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside the Peach Blossom Garden. The old man and the children are very happy.

People in the Peach Blossom Garden are surprised when they meet fishermen. They asked him where he came from, and he gave a detailed answer. They invited (the fisherman) to their home and treated him to kill chickens and cook with wine. When people in the village heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They said that their ancestors led their wives, children and people from the same county to this isolated place in order to avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out from here again, so they were isolated from outsiders. They asked what dynasty it was, but they didn't know it was the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail. They all sighed and regretted it. The rest invited (the fisherman) to their home and took out wine and food (to entertain him). The fisherman stayed for a few days, then said goodbye and left. People in the Peach Blossom Garden said to him, "It is not worth telling outsiders."

After he left the Peach Blossom Garden, he found his boat. He marked everywhere along the old road (back). When I arrived at the gate of the county (Wuling County), I visited the Taishou and talked about my adventures in Taohuayuan. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the mark he had made before, but finally he lost his way and never found his way again.

Liu Ziji of Nanyang is a famous person with high moral character. Hearing this, I am glad to plan to go (visit). Did not realize (wish), and soon died of illness. Since then, there have been no visitors.

Yongzhou people are good at swimming. One day, the river suddenly rose, and five or six people crossed the Xiangjiang River by boat. When crossing the river, the boat broke down and everyone on board swam to escape. One of them tried to swim, but he couldn't swim far. His companion said, "You are the best swimmer. Why are you behind now? " He said, "I have a thousand pence wrapped around my waist, which is very heavy, so I am behind." The companion said, "Why not throw it away?" He didn't answer and shook his head. After a while, he was more tired. All the people who swam across the river stood on the shore and shouted, "You are so stupid and confused that you are drowning. What do you need money for? " He shook his head again. So he drowned.

Meng: Ordinary people. Salty: Both. Good: good at the same, good at. Violence: skyrocketing. Absolutely: crossing. Ji: Crossing the river. Group words: liberation. Ordinary: in ancient times, eight feet was "seeking" and double seeking was "constant". There is a moment of benefit: there is a moment, a moment; Benefit, more; Lazy, tired. Back: backward. Laziness: fatigue. Companion: companion. Go: discard, give up. And: Will, Will. Waist: wrap around the waist. I mourn for him: I feel sorry for him. Xiangshui: Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province.

meaning

Ironically, those who are insatiable and fall into the eye of money would rather give up their lives than lose money. At the same time, it also satirized that the society at that time was very dark, and both officials and people loved money like life.

3. A statement that the ship is at the China Classical Pier or Yigu Hotel, and often stays with fishing boats. -Tang Bai Juyi got up in the middle of the week

There is a river in front of the door, and fishing boats often come and go. -He Ming's Four Songs of Jingming Xiaojing II.

Mangroves and green forests cover dusk, and there are often fish boats on the bridge. -Song Lu Usher, one of the two songs "Night in the North".

On a snowy day, the Wujiang River maple falls, and fishing boats are in twos and threes. -Song Sima Gan Xiaoxue

Sit around the futon and leave a picture of the fish boat at night. -Chen Ming Zhang Xian Zhang Sheng responded to his rhyme with poetry.

Recently, when they lived in Baiyun Stream, they all paid for fishing boats with wandering stars. -Li Ming on the topic Lu Fan Yunxi fishing hidden map

There is no wine in Heather Jintou, and there are fishing boats at Donghu Ferry. -one of Gu Ying's two rhymes in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.

Love to kill the lake as bright as a mirror, and want to reward the fishing boat. -Luo Qing Mu painted the third picture.

The wild trail wets the grass on the bank of the cloud, and the wild pavilion keeps fire and leaks fish. -Han Qingmeng Guan Meimen to stop the rain.

Cross the peach blossom and go to Menchun for fishing boat. -Qing Dashan Wujiang's visit to Gu Maolun is not worth sending.

Riding an ox over the ridge, playing a flute and dragging a fishing boat across the river. —— Yan Mingzong's victory map of Jiangshan

Love the reeds after the rain, fireworks tents, rice and fish boats. -written by Song Lin Bu and Qiu Jiang.

Carving Buddha without seeing Lingshan ghost, the west wind blows abalone boats. -Song Aixingfu Buddha's head

Close at hand, Liulang lives in a fairyland, and Taoxi makes a stickleback boat. -Song Huyin read the ceremony until the early 50 s, and he felt that Yan Chong had declined.

It's getting late, the wind is not heavy, the reeds are messy, and the boat is full of fish and boats. -Wu Song Weixin Taihu Lake

The bridge columns are sparse and lonely, and eight fish boats stand out in front of the pavilion. -Song Yang Wanli, one of the four songs about fishing and hunting silver carp and watching the rainbow pavilion.

So that you can take a ride, and finally call a fishing boat. -Song Lu financial resources to participate in the discussion, asked Yanping Yu to invite him with a poem (a poem of Zhang) for his second rhyme.

Osawa Yangshan Sanyiyou, pen bed, tea stove, fishing boat. -Song Yang Wanli on the Three Great Halls in Wujiang and Their Three Roads

Rattan hanging reading account, bamboo net fishing boat. -Zhang Tang Ji gave it to Yinshan people

We must go hand in hand. -Jia Dao, Hexi, Tang Yao visited the hotel in the rain.

I also heard that there were few fishing boats on the lake on the opening day. -Tang Yao, he gave it to a monk in Changzhou.

A small fish boat was unloaded from the beach to keep the reeds out of sight. —— Ming Cheng Wei Xijiang Yue Qiuxing

4. Read the following classical Chinese. After completing the text, Fang Keqin, a native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, also made a small question 1:B, 2:C, 3:B, 1: Reading: After the sentence of small question 2: ①, it shows that Fang Keqin is honest and trustworthy in power, and A and B can be excluded; 6 sentences show that he is generous and kind, and B and D can be excluded; (2) (3) this sentence shows that he is upright for the people; This sentence shows that he is an honest official.

Question 3: "Shipping by ship according to law" is wrong. Attachment: Fang Keqin is from Ninghai, Zhejiang. When he was young, he studied with his peers, studied hard, and even forgot to eat and sleep.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the mountains. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was called as the magistrate of Jining.

When he arrived at the yamen, he first wrote a document and hung it on the road extending in all directions, telling the emperor that he loved the people. If the people are not satisfied, they are allowed to complain to the government themselves, and officials are prohibited from questioning the people. He asked the old people to sit down and talk and ask about the political gains and losses.

Hire talented people as teachers and run their own schools. There are hundreds of schools with thousands of students on the roster. When the emperor ordered the people to reclaim wasteland, it took three years to collect taxes.

Officials generally don't wait for taxes to expire. The people thought that the emperor's orders were not credible, so they abandoned the fields and left them barren. Fang Keqin agreed with the people to pay taxes within the time limit.

Divide the farmland into nine grades, requisition manpower and material resources according to the grades, and officials are not allowed to do anything to interfere, so the farmland can be reclaimed in large quantities day by day. Jeju Island will deliver military uniforms to Yan Di at the end of this year.

At that time, there was a decree in the court: those who requisitioned civilian ships were punished. Other counties use ox carts to do this. It snowed heavily and the cows froze to death on the road. Nine out of ten people are bankrupt.

When the people asked to finish the work by boat, Fang Keqin said, "I know I should obey the convenience of the people, and breaking the law is not my fear." So people took their uniforms to the front by boat.

Provincial officials believe that his behavior is moral and will not investigate him. The wall of the county collapsed, which was built by the army according to precedent.

In May and June, the commanding officers gathered more than ten thousand people to build the city wall. People can't farm and go to work in tears. Fang Keqin said excitedly, "If the people are in trouble and don't help, why do they need two thousand stone officials?" He secretly told the story to Zhongshu Province of the imperial court, and the emperor ordered the requisition and city building to stop that day.

Fang Keqin has been in politics for three years, and his household registration has increased several times, making the county rich. Fang Keqin's political management is based on moral politics, and he doesn't like to pursue fame and gain.

He once said: "To pursue fame and gain profits, we must establish prestige, and establishing prestige will inevitably hurt the people. I can't bear it. " His own life is simple and simple. He didn't change a cloth for ten years and didn't eat two meaty meals a day.

The chief of Yanzhou presented two melons through Fang Keqin's boy, and Fang Keqin ordered him to hit the boy's board and return the melons. Fang Keqin is very kind to people. He must send wine and vegetables to people who pass by the county after being demoted, and hire a car and a boat to send them whenever he can't walk.

Fang Keqin invited a colleague to dinner in the morning and evening after his salary was deducted for his crime. Once the man was drunk and left with his name, and Fang Keqin was more respectful to him.

When the man woke up and apologized, Fang Keqin pretended not to know and said, "I was drunk that night, too. I want to know why you apologize? " He was more cautious in the second half of his life. What he did during the day must be told to God at night. There is nothing to be ashamed of in his every move.

5. Classical Chinese "Yuan Shi". Wang Chuan Wang, whose name is Uncle Neng, is from Daning. Since I became an official, I have moved around Jiangsu and Zhejiang to take care of it and seek promotion and calibration. The doctor was transferred to discuss and get to know Zhou Shun, so it's difficult to carry on the internal and external troubles. Do everything except Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. After four years of delay, I went to Siming to supervise trade with Japan. First of all, people in prison are afraid of foreign affairs. They will defend themselves in Yan Bing as if they were enemies. G respect, learn to go, and caress with kindness, but I dare not. Some Wu people were trapped in Japan after joining the army, and even came to Jing Ke from China, hoping to return to their hometown. Or worried that it would be a disaster, Jing Ke said, "Is there a sergeant who comes back with kindness and does not accept evil?"! I will sit down if I have difficulties. " I heard about it and the court praised it. Poyang was hungry, so General Manager Wang Du gave it to him. He wants to punish him for making a fuss. Jing Ke said, "Poyang is thousands of miles away from here. Better than waiting for people to die. He is benevolent, I am ruthless! " All reasons are excused. Thanks to the supervision of the empire, all this is to find and move Zuo Si.

Taiding was appointed as the general manager of Shaoxing Road at the beginning, and the county counted the mouth to levy salt, and the people were sentenced. It is said that the salt has been reduced by 5 thousand. In all provinces, Ke painted foreign goods ③, and the deviant ④ took his goods as an example. Businessmen take geomantic omen as their solution, but some departments don't listen. Jing Ke said, "When a commodity leaves a country, the land is far and near, and the commodity is heavy and light. It's evil to risk your life, to be near and far, and to abandon the importance and take the light! " With the above news, people can't take it away, and businessmen are virtuous. The deputy envoy of Jiangxi Road Lian Fang Division was transferred to Zhejiang Salt Transportation Division, and the price of Shaoxing citizens' salt was reduced by 5,000 yuan for the first time. Next year, we will pay a low-cost visit to Hunan Road and transport thousands of households by sea. It is the change of age and calendar. After going to sea, I went to Zhigu, but I failed to lose it. Later, Cao went south. The province wanted to supervise the grain transportation with this crime, but it also tended to Zhigu. Jing Ke said, "If you leave it all the year round, believe it is guilty. Today, I'm dying, and I'm back on the grass. How can I have it! " Ask him to count the stones and attach a boat to the capital the following year, with the provincial minister. He entered the official department as a minister, rode to Huai 'an, fell off his horse, and lived in Wuzhong for illness.

At the beginning of the yuan dynasty, Jiangsu and Zhejiang participated in politics, so please be rich and democratic. Cao Mi, a famous Songjiang man, gave his capital at the age of 18, and is dead, and his descendants are poor and begging. Some companies are still at the age of 18, but they are mixed in Songjiang's land tax, so that the people can be proud. One person gave a noble title, but lost it, so that no one in a county would suffer. (Selected from Wang Chuan of Yuan Dynasty, with some deletion)

Note ① Internal troubles and foreign invasion: parents' funeral. ② Investigation: Compulsory expropriation. (3) Expropriation of foreign goods: taxation of people who transport goods from overseas for trade. 4 unruly: violation of freight regulations.

Wang is from Daning. After he became an official, he was promoted to Jiangsu and Zhejiang many times, and soon he was promoted to proofreading. He was transferred to Dr. Feng Yi and Zhou Shun Zhiming, but he didn't go to work because of his parents' funeral. Was awarded the Division of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Zhejiang Provinces. In four years, he went to Siming to supervise the trade between China and Japan. Prior to this, officials who went to supervise worried that foreign psychology was unpredictable and would inevitably deploy troops for strict defense, just like guarding against powerful enemies. When the king arrived, he withdrew all his troops and comforted them kindly. The Japanese bowed their heads and dared not make any noise or make trouble. A Wu joined the army and was trapped in Japan. At this time, he followed a Japanese businessman to China and complained to Wang, hoping to return to his hometown. Some people worry that this will become a curse. Wang said: "how can a soldier miss the kindness of his country and return to his motherland without accepting him?" If there is any disaster, I will take responsibility. " The matter was reported to the court, which praised him. There was a serious famine in Poyang, and the general manager Wang took out food from the official warehouse to help the hungry people. Provincial officials want to punish him for opening an official warehouse without authorization. The king said, "Poyang is thousands of miles away from here. As soon as the provincial government gave the order, the hungry people starved to death. He has done good things, but we have to do bad things? " The king was thus acquitted. He was granted imperial supervision and was soon transferred to Zuosi.

In the early years of Taiding, he was the general manager of Shaoxing Road. Salt is collected according to the population in the county, and the people are forced to collect salt, making them poor. The king advised to reduce the amount of salt by 5 thousand. The province called on Wang to levy taxes on those who transport goods from overseas for trade, and those who violate the freight agreement will confiscate their goods as usual. Merchants excused themselves on the grounds of impermanence of feng shui, and relevant departments did not listen. Wang said: "When a certain goods leave a country, the location is far and near, and the goods are light and heavy. They risked many dangers and obstacles to get in and out of the dead pile, giving up shortcuts and long distances, and giving up heavy freight and light goods. Is it human? " When he reported these situations in detail, the people could not refute him, and the businessman was grateful to him. He was promoted to deputy ambassador of Jiangxi Daolian Visiting Department and changed to ambassador of Zhejiang Salt Transportation Department. First, he reduced the salt tax of Shaoxing people by 5,000 yuan. In the second year, he was promoted as a visiting ambassador of Hunan Daolian and transferred to Haidao as a water transport destination for thousands of families. This year, just as the calendar was changing, only ships carrying grain by sea arrived in Zhigu, but failed to complete the transportation task, and then transported the grain back to the south. The provinces want to punish the officials who supervise the transportation and order them to transport the goods back to zhi gu. Wang said, "If they go back and forth like this all the year round, they really should be punished. Now they have experienced thousands of deaths and shipped grain back to the south intact. Isn't this impossible? " So he asked them to count the number of stones transported, and the ships used to transport grain every year were sent to Beijing. The minister took his advice. He entered the DPRK as an official minister and was ordered to go to Huai 'an. He fell off his horse and recovered in Wuzhong.

In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, he resumed his post as an adviser to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, demanding the abolition of the rule of enriching the people and renting farmland in Jianghuai, and the court followed his advice. Songjiang's most popular family, every year, people transport mangoku rice to Beijing. After the death of that man, his descendants were poor enough to beg, and the relevant departments still collected them every year. If it is not enough, it will be mixed with Songjiang land tax and let the people be responsible for paying it. Wang said to him, "A person delivers food at random to win a person's honor. Now that he is dead, his family is ruined, and the court has cancelled his title, the whole county can't be harmed by him. Is the cost of the country less than this mangoku grain? " Discuss the matter in detail and exempt it from the amount of food provided.