What are the characteristics of the palace painting style brought by Lang Shining and other western missionaries in the early Qing Dynasty?

Lang Shining (1688 ~ 1766) was born in Milan. He came to China in the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (17 15), then entered the palace painting academy, painted many portraits of emperors' empresses, and recorded various political or holiday activities of the imperial court with a brush. These works have the documentary function of "news photography". Compared with the traditional painting method, Lang Shining's western painting method is obviously more suitable for expressing this kind of functional theme. So he spent some time in the palace, and even some painters in China took effect.

The characteristic of Lang Shining's painting method is that the basic modeling methods are all western, mainly scientific mathematics, and the tools and materials used are China's pen and ink, paper and silk. The realistic image, however, has no brushwork at all, which has aroused the resentment of China painters and denounced it as "a craftsman is not a painter". After Jiaqing, the court painting declined and this painting school was cut off. And its attempt to integrate Chinese and western paintings has provided some enlightenment for modern and contemporary painters.