Awakening of Reading Cognition —— Experience the beauty of stumbling and recognize yourself.

First-class life is not wealth, but awareness.

The logic of this book is to let us understand the brain first, then the subconscious and metacognition, then focus on concentration, study, action and emotion, and then specifically talk about how to change, which can be divided into five methods: getting up early, meditation, reading, writing and exercise.

First of all, the author starts with the brain. We have three brains: instinctive brain, emotional brain and rational brain.

The rational brain does not work directly, but works for the instinctive brain and the perceptual brain because of their "power"; God gives rational brain wisdom to drive instinct and emotion instead of directly replacing them.

Generally speaking, a habit is difficult to change because it is self-reinforcing-the more you use it, the stronger it becomes. The best way to jump out of existing habits is not by self-control, but by knowledge.

We are usually anxious for two reasons: we want to do many things at the same time, and we want to see the results immediately.

If you want to achieve something, you must be patient and delay satisfaction. Lack of patience is human nature. Lack of patience is not a shameful thing at all, and it has nothing to do with one's own moral quality. It's just a natural attribute, and everyone is the same.

The elites in society are usually those who can overcome their nature better. Their patience level is higher and their ability to delay gratification is stronger.

For learning and growth, the comparison of growth weight is the first thing everyone should know, which reveals the relationship of "learning, thinking, action and change" in the process of growth: that is, for learning, thinking after learning, action after thinking and change after action are more important, and if you don't keep an eye on the change in the inner layer, you will get twice the result with half the effort if you invest more in the surface layer; So from the perspective of power, the amount of change-the amount of action-the amount of thinking-the amount of learning.

Almost any study is like this. At first, the progress is very fast, then it will slow down and enter a platform period. During the platform period, we may have made a lot of efforts, but it seems that we have made no progress or even regressed, but this is only an illusion, because the neurons in the brain are still connected and consolidated. After reaching a certain node, they will enter the next rapid rising stage.

When we understand the above rules, in the face of long-term silence or frustration, we can make different choices from others: some people choose to give up, while we continue to insist.

From this perspective, patience is not the result of perseverance, but the result of long-term vision. So how can we be patient?

Patience, three steps.

1. Face nature, put down the psychological burden and accept yourself frankly.

Understand first, then accept, and take your time.

2. In the face of temptation, learn to delay satisfaction and turn confrontation into communication.

First suffer hardships (work or study), then enjoy happiness (entertainment or rest), in turn.

3. In the face of difficulties, take the initiative to change the perspective and give meaning to action.

Multi-angle, find meaning, continue.

Ultimate-find ways to make instinctive brain and emotional brain feel the pleasure of difficult things and become addicted, serve rational brain, and strike nature with nature.

Second, there are two ways to understand the subconscious: one is to eliminate fuzzy cognition (fuzzy sensibility belongs to the category that nature needs to overcome); Then, use perceptual ability to help you choose, and then use rational ability to help you think.

A: The purpose of learning knowledge is to "disambiguate", and the method of acquiring knowledge is also to "disambiguate". The purpose and method are unified.

The way to improve thinking ability is to constantly clarify the core difficulties and feelings, and focus on this.

There are three kinds of fuzziness:

The first kind of cognitive ambiguity is that people are lazy, unwilling to jump out of their comfort zone, and tend to stay in their own comfort zone, turning a blind eye to the problems they face outside their comfort zone, recording their own defects, and learning to expand their ability zone accordingly, which is the key point to eliminate cognitive ambiguity.

The second kind of emotional ambiguity, when we are uncomfortable or contradictory about something, we should ask ourselves what makes us feel this kind of emotion, what is the worst result of this matter, and face up to negative emotions.

The third action is vague. When I have plenty of time, I have many goals in my mind, but I don't know where to start. This should be detailed among many goals, establish a single route and form a plan.

When we have no clear instructions or goals, it is easy to choose pleasure and give up those options that should be adhered to but burn our brains. Therefore, if you want to be better, you must learn to spend more time thinking about how to have a clear goal. We should refine and concretize our goals and processes, establish a one-way channel among many possibilities, and keep ourselves in a state of "no choice".

In short, life is a game of disambiguation. We are competing not only for the growth rate, but also for the growth model. On this track, the leading groups are doing the same thing consciously or unconsciously: eliminating the ambiguity of cognition, emotion and action.

B: The subconscious mind has no thinking, only cares about what is in front of it, and likes immediacy, certainty, simplicity and comfort, which is part of nature.

Use perceptual ability to help you choose first, and then use rational ability to help you think.

The reason why we call "feeling" the top method is because it can help us perceive what really suits us and needs, and put ourselves in the "stretching zone" of learning.

Although rational thinking is very advanced, it may not have advantages in judgment and choice, and its poor performance is not comparable to sensitive and quick sensibility. So it may be a better strategy to use perceptual choice first and then rational thinking, especially when making those important choices. Just as Professor Hong Lan suggested: Listen to your brain for small things, and listen to your heart for big things. This is not unreasonable.

So how to capture sensibility? There are six o'clock.

1. the most (degree): the things and people that touch you the most.

2. Total (frequency): I can't get rid of it, I often think of it.

3. First: the unconscious first reaction and thought.

4. Dreams (subconscious)

5. Body: Listen carefully and the body will reflect it truthfully.

6. Intuition (sixth sense)

Third, metacognition: conscious and self-controlled.

Metacognitive ability is the combination of perception and self-control. Therefore, from a practical point of view, metacognitive ability can be redefined as the ability to self-examine, actively control and prevent being influenced by the subconscious.

Whenever there is a need to choose, if we can stop for a few seconds and think about it first, it is possible to activate our rational brain and metacognition to examine the current thinking and then make different choices.

Strong metacognitive ability: when there are many choices, find out the most important and unique option and have zero tolerance for ambiguity.

There are three ways to become a thinking helmsman:

Be aware of the current time, examine the first reaction and produce clear opinions;

Stay awake to the whole day's schedule and always know what to do next;

In view of the long-term goal, keep thinking and think clearly about the long-term significance and internal motivation.

People with strong metacognitive ability are like this: whether it's immediate attention, the day's schedule or the long-term goal of life, they try to think clearly, examine themselves and take the initiative to control, rather than go with the flow.

Fourth, concentration: emotional concentration and learning concentration

A: Concentrate on emotions and solve distractions.

There are always two reasons why we go to the magical power: first, we feel that the present is too boring, so we pursue more interesting things; Second, I feel that the moment is too painful, so I pursue something more comfortable. Because the body is trapped in reality, we have to let our thoughts run wild.

In fact, the secret of practicing concentration is to take back our feelings in one sentence and seriously understand the current feelings. (Turn feelings into actions)

Investment is the same as constant exercise: it is divided into three realms: "Seeing mountains is mountains, and seeing water is water;" Seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water; See mountains or mountains, see water or water. "

B: learning concentration: actively choose information and then immerse yourself in it.

To achieve the concentration of learning, we must first "actively choose information" and then "deeply immerse". The former is the entrance and the latter is the key.

And how to immerse yourself deeply, the correct method has four characteristics:

1, clear goal: break down the big goals and conquer them one by one.

2. Extreme concentration during practice: Immersive investment saves time and is also a source of inspiration. Therefore, the secret of being smart is to stay extremely focused first, and then turn your attention to another irrelevant thing when you can't think of the answer. That is, concentrate on it beforehand and let consciousness participate extremely; Forget it completely afterwards and let the consciousness give up completely. In this way, inspiration and answers will appear with great probability. )

3, can get effective feedback: timely and effective guidance and feedback is an important condition for continuous improvement.

4. Always practice in the stretching area: between simple and difficult.

Learning ability: clear goals, extreme concentration, effective feedback, exercises in stretching area (matching, depth, correlation, system).

Matching: the edge of comfort zone, a methodology applicable to all.

Good growth is always on the edge of the "comfort zone", which means you need to grow step by step.

No matter what you do, no matter what you are doing now, as long as you keep practicing on the edge of your comfort zone, your comfort zone will continue to expand, and your stretching zone will continue to expand, and the original difficult zone will gradually become a stretching zone, even a comfort zone, so growth is inevitable.

B. Depth: Deep learning is one of the few good outlets in life.

Human learning is divided into passive learning and active learning.

Passive learning: such as listening, reading, audio-visual and demonstration, the average retention rate of these activities for learning content is 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% respectively.

Active learning: for example, through discussion, practice and teaching to others, the content retention rate of passive learning will be increased to 50%, 75% and 90%.

The real beginning of deep learning: you must use existing knowledge to explain new knowledge. When you can explain new knowledge clearly, it means that it has been incorporated into your own knowledge system, and at the same time it has reached the level of teaching others, and may create new knowledge.

Forcing yourself to acquire high-quality knowledge, sewing new knowledge in depth, and then teaching others in your own language or writing is the way of deep learning.

Deep learning has the following three steps:

1, acquiring high-quality knowledge: delving into first-hand knowledge. Such as classics, reading original works, and even reading academic papers. Don't "second-hand dry goods"

2, deep sewing new knowledge: write what you have learned in your own words.

3, output the results to the professor: re-examination, daily reflection, and finally achieve the wood of the professor.

Below the depth, the breadth is more meaningful, and the breadth below the depth is effective.

C, relevance: the "black box" of the master

Relevance is a low-level ability, which is not only reflected in the high level, but also in the low level, and is closely related to people's daily life.

In the book "Reading in this way is enough", Zhao Zhou put forward three steps of reading:

Restate the information in your own language, that is, find the information point that touches you;

Describe your own relevant experience, that is, other life-related knowledge;

My application is to turn it into action and make me really change.

This is not only the three steps of effective reading, but also the three levels of deep learning:

Understand the information point

Associated information point

Action and change

The acquisition of knowledge lies not in how much, but in whether it is related to oneself and how substantial it is.

D. System: The establishment of personal cognitive system is actually very simple.

The essence of the system is to integrate some scattered and independent knowledge, concepts or viewpoints into methods and techniques to deal with the world from some unique perspectives, or more popularly, world outlook and methodology.

The truth of establishing a personal cognitive system: break the cognitive system of each family, take only the points or blocks that touch you most, and then splice them into your own cognitive network. (touch learning method)

It is not enough to have a touch, but also to have contacts, mainly in three aspects:

One is to reinterpret new knowledge in one's own language, which will prompt one's original knowledge system to respond to new knowledge.

Second, knowledge can be extracted smoothly when needed, and knowledge that cannot be extracted is false touch.

Third, you can often practice or use this knowledge in your life, because practice is the ultimate way to produce strong correlation.

So the so-called learning and growth, such as reading, writing, reflection, cultivating habits, practicing skills, establishing a cognitive system, etc., are essentially the same: at the edge of the comfort zone, it expands outward little by little.

Finally, learning needs timely feedback. Whether there is timely and continuous positive feedback is the key to the difference of learning effect.

Since the emergence of civilization and rationality, human learning has gradually turned to principle-based systematic learning, which seems to be efficient, but it often pays too much attention to input and practice, ignoring output and feedback, making the learning process painful and boring.

Therefore, the scientific learning strategy is to produce works, get feedback, and drive the instinctive brain and the emotional brain to "play", instead of insisting blindly and letting the rational brain work hard to "learn".

The real master of self-control is not a person who only knows how to sprint, but a person who is good at taking the initiative to rest and keep balance.

The intransitive verb action-the world without action is just a concept.

First, clarity: an idea, reconstruct your mobility.

It is useless to fight with strong willpower and nature. Strong self-control does not mean strong action. The real power of action does not come entirely from self-control, but mostly from the "automatic enhancement" of attention.

Whether the attention enhancement cycle is positive or negative depends largely on your initial choice, which is also an old saying: do the important things first!

In the initial stage, force yourself to do important things first, and once you enter the positive reinforcement cycle, you will have strong action power-this is the secret of enhancing self-control and improving action power.

At this time, it is necessary to draw a clear line with ambiguity, that is, to refine and concretize the goal-the ability to act can only be reconstructed with clear support.

B, break the threshold and leap to a high-level cognitive world.

People who see the results before action often don't see the results. Smart people will be unwilling to take action because of uncertain results and fear of no return, so they will stay where they are forever.

Only when you really do something will you know that there are few things you can do, so you won't want so much. However, with less desire and anxiety, we can concentrate more on what we are doing.

In some periods, efforts and efforts occasionally have little effect. At this time, you should look at your own movements and see if you have broken through the threshold of change. Because efforts must reach a certain level to affect a system, and when efforts are below this threshold, your actions will have little effect.

C. "Unity of knowing and doing" is very important.

Awakening means seeing clearly, which means actively changing the default settings and making new choices. From now on, take cognition as a skill. Don't be too happy when you know or understand a truth. Think about a lot of exercises to be done in the future, and you won't be impetuous.

Inferred from the learning mechanism of the brain, whether learning a skill or forming a habit, there is a correlation process of related neurons from less to more and from weak to strong. Then at the beginning, it is normal to do badly when the neuron connection is weak. At this time, don't give up and keep practicing.

As long as you keep practicing, the relationship between neurons will inevitably become stronger and stronger. Even if you feel that you have regressed temporarily, don't be discouraged, because you may have entered the platform period of learning.

Both reality and theory tell us that it is better to change a little after knowing a hundred. Real growth lies not in how much you know, but in how much you have changed.

Seven, emotional power-emotion is the wisdom of looking at problems from multiple angles.

First, keep enough spiritual bandwidth

Under certain conditions, poverty really makes people stupid, not because poverty makes people incompetent, but because the scarcity brought by poverty catches people's attention, thus reducing people's spiritual bandwidth.

The so-called mental bandwidth is the capacity of the mind, which supports people's cognition, action and self-control. Once the spiritual bandwidth is reduced, people will easily lose their judgment, make unwise choices, or be eager for success, and it is difficult to resist the temptation of pleasure.

When a person faces many tasks at the same time, his mental bandwidth will decrease, but he has no action and self-control. People with life experience will try their best to restrain their desires, take the initiative to arrange entertainment activities while doing important things, and try their best to maintain freedom of work and rest-this method is scientific and wise.

So, how can we get spiritual bandwidth? There are five posts.

Maintain environmental awareness and make rational choices;

Keep a sense of goal, less is more;

Maintain a sense of desire and examine decision-making;

Maintain emotional awareness and make careful decisions;

Keep a sense of leisure and set limits for yourself.

B, the multi-dimensional perspective of the world

Facing all kinds of difficulties, the ability to look at problems from multiple angles is often the key to test the ability to solve problems. It can not only help people gain wisdom and achieve their careers, but also help people expand their patterns and resolve their troubles in life. It's just that many people don't realize this and are used to looking at all problems from a single original perspective.

A person's personality and temper also depend on his ability to see things from multiple perspectives: people with a single perspective are prone to stubbornness, impatience and obsession, while people with multiple perspectives are smarter, more peaceful and more tolerant.

The world is multidimensional, but we only have a pair of eyes. Every time we observe, express and act, we can only influence one dimension in this multidimensional world.

When you encounter some trivial things in your life and can't solve them. Just, uh, upgrade, backward compatibility. To express your point of view, you must first understand each other's point of view, and then guide each other with a backward-compatible attitude.

C, motivation transfer

Human beings have three internal needs: relationship needs, ability needs and independent needs.

If a person does what he doesn't want to do but must do all day, his life will become gloomy and boring. However, in the face of pressure, can we really only bear it? Not necessarily. Maybe our emotions and attention are just occupied by the thing itself, because difficulties and pressures can always catch people's emotions and attention, making it difficult for you to see other angles.

The matter itself is not important, we just have another kind of fun through it and do it by the way. Psychologically, this method is called "motivation transfer".

Conscious people will realize in time whether their motivation stays on external things unrelated to goals and tasks. If so, they will actively try to move inside, so as to have the ability to choose and control themselves. This kind of control tactics can basically be divided into two categories: for yourself and for yourself.

1, Do it for yourself: The best way to generate internal motivation is to make yourself better.

2. Do it for fun: Since motivation can be transferred, why don't we completely turn it around and make it more fun? This is definitely a good idea!

Showing it to yourself is usually to cope with the pressure and requirements of the outside world. Showing it to yourself is for fun and to cope with repetitive and boring things.

Doing it for yourself can liberate emotions, and doing it for yourself can liberate attention. When our emotions and attention are free, what difficulties can stop us from moving forward?

Eight, low cost and high growth (early reading and writing)

Adhere to the good habit of getting up early.

Once a successful person discovers other people's good habits, he will immediately turn them into his own.

Generally speaking, getting up early can make you have a clear schedule, a strong body, a good mental state, an undisturbed exercise atmosphere, a focused study environment, a calm work mentality and sustained personal growth.

B, meditation

Being able to enter the state of concentration quickly and stay in the state of concentration for a long time are the two most important habits of efficient learning.

The ability competition between people, in the final analysis, is the competition of brain resource utilization. If you can develop a brain ball, you will be more competitive. Fortunately, this difference is not insurmountable, and all seven balls of the brain can be trained. With proper methods, they can have the same goal and cooperate with each other. This ideal training method is meditation.

C. reading

There are two levels when people make decisions.

The first one is "emotional decision" For example, when you see someone doing fitness, photography and painting, your adrenaline starts to soar, which immediately shows that you want to do it.

The second is "rational decision-making", which also means wanting something, but it means that people must have thought about why they want to do it, how to do it and the difficulties they may encounter.

The best way to become a master in an industry quickly is to communicate with industry experts, ask for advice directly, and then read a lot.

Books are the best medium for inheriting ideas, and top ideas can be found in books. As long as you choose the right books, you can find the top ideas in the industry at a very low cost.

Therefore, every time you read a book, you are actually conducting a celebrity interview and talking with top experts.

This kind of communication conversation does not need to spend huge sums of money, nor does it need to consider the time limit, not to mention worrying about the other party's lack of patience. As long as you want, you can always get in touch with top ideas. Is there anything more comfortable than this? It can be said that reading is the most advanced growth strategy at the lowest cost and the best way for everyone to improve themselves.

Where steps cannot be measured, words can; Where the eyes can't see, words can, and words can also take us through time and space to communicate with top thinkers thousands of years ago. Time and space are no longer fetters, but energy that cannot be easily possessed, and reading can help us acquire it.

Almost all books are a process in which wise people look at things, make choices and make decisions. After watching too much, we can improve our choice ability with their brilliant perspective. Isn't the fate of each of us the result of various choices? Therefore, reading changes our destiny, starting with changing our cognition and choice.

D, writing

No matter what you have learned, try to find out what they are saying and what is the practical significance, and then say it again in your own words.

When speaking or writing, we should first arouse the interest and attention of the "emotional villain" with appropriate stories, and then convey the truth we want to express to the "rational villain" through the "emotional villain". This is a good strategy, and both villains will be very satisfied.

Good writing must reinterpret what you have learned in your own language. Although it is difficult to do this, although it is definitely not done well at first, it will definitely make you step into the hall of deep learning and make rapid progress. (Analogy is usually better)

E. exercise

The body is the shell and the soul is the core. The soul needs the support of the body, which is embodied by the soul. The two complement each other, and it will be more efficient to carry out high-intensity and difficult mental activities, such as reading, solving problems, memorizing, writing and programming, within 1~2 hours after exercise.

People who exercise regularly have an ecosystem like a clear spring, while sedentary people have an ecosystem more like a stagnant pool.

Finally, no matter what occupation you are engaged in, what era you are in and what role you play, this book can inspire you. Especially for those who are impatient, eager for success, extremely anxious, temporarily lacking life goals, and confused, those who want to get better but only know how to rely on perseverance, those who want to master learning methods and improve their academic performance, and those who want to understand the growth law at the bottom and actively create achievements ... If you are among them, this book will definitely make you suddenly enlightened and internalize the real cognitive driving force.