Ppt about the introduction of the Forbidden City

The Forbidden City was built in 1406, and was basically built in 1420. It was built by the Ming emperor Judy. The length of the Forbidden City is 96 1 meter from north to south, 753 meters from east to west and covers an area of about 725,000 square meters. The construction area is 6.5438+0.55 million square meters. According to legend, there are 9,999.5 rooms in the Forbidden City. In fact, according to experts' field investigation in 1973, there are more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses in the Forbidden City, with a total of 8,704 rooms (but this "room" is not the concept of rooms nowadays, and the "room" here refers to the space formed by four pillars). Miyagi is surrounded by a palace wall with a height of 12 m and a length of 3400 m, which is rectangular and surrounded by a moat with a width of 52 m, forming a fortified castle. The buildings in the Forbidden City are all wooden structures, with yellow glazed tile roofs and blue-and-white stone bases, decorated with brilliant colorful paintings. There are four doors in the Forbidden City. The main entrance is called Wumen, the east entrance is called Donghuamen, the west entrance is called Xihuamen, and the north entrance is called Shenwumen. Facing the Shenwumen in the north gate, Jingshan, made of earth and stone, is full of pines and cypresses. In the overall layout, Jingshan can be said to be the barrier of the Forbidden City complex.

According to its layout and function, the architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the "outer courtyard" and the "inner courtyard". The dividing line between "outer court" and "inner court" is Gan Qing Gate, with the outer court in the south and the inner court in the north. The architectural atmosphere of the Forbidden City is very different from that of the Imperial Palace.

The outer court, centered on the three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe, is the place where the emperor held the court meeting, also known as the "former court". It was a place where feudal emperors exercised their power and held grand ceremonies. In addition, there are Wenhua Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion, Shangyuanyuan and Sonan on the east side of the two wings; There are buildings such as Wuying Hall and Interior Office in the west.

The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, flanked by hall of mental cultivation, East Palace, West Palace, Zhai Palace and Yuqing Palace, followed by the Imperial Garden. This is the residence of the feudal emperor and empress. Ningshou Palace in the east of the Forbidden City was built after Emperor Qianlong abdicated. There are Cining Palace and Shou 'an Palace in the west of the palace. In addition, there are buildings such as China Palace and Beiwu.

architectural feature

The Forbidden City was built in strict accordance with the principle of "the former dynasty was in the city, and the left ancestor was in the right society" in Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji. The whole Forbidden City, in terms of architectural layout, is combined into a whole through the changes and ups and downs of its shape. Functionally, it conforms to the hierarchical system of feudal society. At the same time, it achieves the artistic effect of balance and body change. The roof forms of buildings in China are rich and colorful. In the Forbidden City, there are 10 different kinds of roofs. Take the three halls as an example. The roofs are different. The roofs of buildings in the Forbidden City are covered with glazed tiles of various colors. The main temple is mainly yellow. The buildings in the prince's residential area use green. Other colorful stained glass, such as blue, purple, black, emerald, malachite green, sapphire blue, etc., are mostly used in gardens or glass walls. There are glazed kissing animals at both ends of the main ridge on the roof of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the swallowing ridge is steady and powerful. Kissing animals have beautiful shapes, which are both components and decorations. Some ceramic tiles create three-dimensional animal images such as dragons and phoenixes, lions and seahorses, symbolizing auspiciousness and majesty. These components play a decorative role in the building.

At that time, the front hall of the Forbidden City required magnificent architectural modeling and clear and open courtyards, symbolizing the supremacy of feudal regime. Located in the diagonal center of the Forbidden City, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is considered by the designers of the Forbidden City to show the majesty of the emperor and shock the world. The palace behind requires a deep courtyard and a compact building. Therefore, the six palaces in the East and West are self-contained, each with its own palace doors and walls, which are arranged in an orderly manner. Together with the palace lanterns and embroidered beds, they are all arrangements to meet the needs of luxury life. Behind the palace is the backyard. There are cold, carved pines and cypresses in the backyard, exquisite rockeries with beautiful rocks, and buildings, pavilions, pavilions and pavilions around them are beautiful and quiet.

The Palace Museum is arranged along a north-south central axis, and the three main halls, the last three palaces and the imperial garden are all located on this central axis. And spread to both sides, straight from north to south, symmetrical left and right. This central axis runs through the Forbidden City, Yongdingmen in the south, Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north, and runs through the whole city. It is magnificent, carefully planned and extremely spectacular.

The Forbidden City is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of working people hundreds of years ago. When it was first built, there were 100,000 enslaved laborers, including 1 million laborers. Under the social production conditions at that time, it fully reflected the high wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China. At the same time, in order to build the Forbidden City, in the Ming Dynasty, most of the wood needed was collected from Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, and countless working people were forced to cut down and transport wood in the deep forests. Most of the stones used are collected from the outer suburbs of Beijing and the mountainous areas two or three hundred miles away from the suburbs of Beijing. Each stone often weighs several tons or even dozens or hundreds of tons. For example, there is a Yunlong stone carving weighing about 250 tons on the back eaves of Baohe Hall.

Architects believe that the design and architecture of the Forbidden City are really unparalleled masterpieces. Its plane layout, three-dimensional effect, grandeur, grandeur and harmony in form, and grandeur and luxury in architecture are the essence of ancient architectural art in China. It marks the long cultural tradition of China and shows the outstanding achievements of craftsmen in architecture more than 500 years ago.