What is teaching based on students' advantages?

The core of quality education is the question of who to train and how to train people. Therefore, education should be based on human development, pay attention to students' different characteristics and personality differences, and develop each student's advantage potential. All life is beautiful, beautiful and beautiful. Learning advantage education provides this possibility for our practice.

On May 13, 10, Professor Liu Rude of Beijing Normal University gave a speech at the "Study Seminar on Curriculum Culture Based on Learning Advantages in Licheng District", which made more than 0/00 principals on the spot/kloc-0 lost in thought-"The school is not only a place for learning disciplines, but also a place for learning personalities with diverse ways of thinking. The advantage of school education is that through the curriculum, many students with various abilities (including learning ability) and differences can learn together and cultivate democratic spirit and innovative consciousness. "

In the past five years, Jiaxuan Middle School in Jinan City, based on the cultivation of innovative talents, paid attention to students' different characteristics and personality differences, and carried out a series of self-organizing changes in curriculum paradigm innovation, teaching process reform and teaching culture innovation, which formed the educational characteristics of "individualized thinking construction teaching" and promoted the development of teachers and students. Curriculum innovation lights up the wisdom life of teachers and students.

First, curriculum: around the goal of educating people

School curriculum is the sum of a series of services for students' development, and it is also the whole school life of students. The basic function of curriculum is to mold people. To improve students' comprehensive quality in an all-round way, we must start with the reform of the traditional curriculum system and change the way of thinking and practice of educating people.

Jiaxuan Middle School adheres to the school-running philosophy of "building a development ladder for every student". On the basis of the school-based implementation of national curriculum, the curriculum construction of "life, life and ecology" is taken as the breakthrough and key construction, and the desirable curriculum that meets the development needs of students is developed, so that the school curriculum system can reach a balance between social needs and students' development needs.

Based on this, Jiaxuan Middle School has established a grand curriculum concept of "school is society, curriculum is experience, and teachers are resources". It regards all kinds of learning and life experiences of students at school as courses, pays attention to the all-round growth of all students, pays attention to their all-round growth, and strives to provide students with rich and high-quality educational resources. The concept of school curriculum reform should start from children's happy study, happy growth, and accumulation of life and life experience.

Based on this, the curriculum reform of Jiaxuan Middle School should be considered from the overall and systematic perspective, rather than adding and subtracting in isolation, thinking about "why these courses are offered, what are the objectives of the courses, and how to evaluate the effect of curriculum implementation", so as to give full play to students' learning advantages, improve their learning effects and benefits, and further give full play to their advantages; At the same time, every student has the opportunity to get in touch with his non-dominant materials, activities and training, and to some extent, he makes up for his non-superiority, thus promoting the balanced development of students, and finally making them develop in an all-round way and highlight their specialties.

Second, the curriculum structure: to serve the growth needs of students

The curriculum embodies the richness of learning content, the openness of learning carrier, the flexibility of learning methods and the diversity of learning means; School-based curriculum is closely related to stimulating vitality, returning to the life world and creating ecological education. Curriculum learning can meet every student's "educational needs, physiological needs, emotional needs and moral needs".

The school links the curriculum objectives with the students' training objectives, and makes a good combination of articles. According to the overall framework of school education and students' creative training needs, we should integrate national courses, try out school-based courses, develop personalized expansion courses that focus on professional development, and provide students with diversified courses that conform to the development of the times and connect with social life. The school will curriculum the original daily comprehensive education activities, moral education activities and community activities. , collectively known as the student growth experience course. According to the age characteristics of students, they are divided into two categories: elective and compulsory, and each student can find his favorite and good field. High-quality and efficient basic courses emphasize the requirement of "sociality" in the implementation process, advocate cooperative learning, and strive to cultivate the quality and ability of students' "music group"; Provide a wide range of courses with rich choices, strengthen the richness and diversity of academic qualifications, pay attention to developing students' personality potential and promote active development; Offering inquiry courses increases experience, strengthens the cultivation of innovative spirit and creativity, emphasizes process experience and pays attention to cultivating students' thinking quality and ability.

Courses are related to students' educational rights, all-round development, personality development and potential release. At present, the school has formed 102 experiential courses for students to choose from, covering six modules: responsibility experience, role experience, competition experience, cooperation experience, innovation experience and success experience, involving art, sports, psychology, life, management, practical activities and other fields. This kind of curriculum "big menu" enhances the integration degree of various courses in the school and improves the overall benefit and efficiency of the courses. It not only ensures the effective implementation of national curriculum, but also embodies the distinctive characteristics of school-based curriculum; It not only satisfies students' basic learning, but also develops students' extended learning; Both the current knowledge needs of students and their long-term development are considered; It not only pays attention to the learning needs of all students, but also meets the personality development needs of different students.

Third, the characteristics of the course: meet the students' personality development.

The characteristics of school curriculum are not for characteristics, but for students' all-round growth and personality development. Take community courses and moral education courses as examples:

(1) community courses. It is a course formed by students' interests and based on student club activities. All students join clubs, and the activities of various clubs are rich and colorful. Students grow and develop in the process of participating in community activities. In order to give full play to the educational function of student association activities, the school has taken a series of measures to standardize, guide and support student association activities. According to the regulations of the school, any group with more than 6 people can form a community and carry out activities; To establish an association, articles of association must be formulated, stipulating the purpose, method, place and time of study and activities; Associations should show the results of activities to the whole school during the semester; At the end of the semester, the activities of the community should be evaluated; The activities of the club are conducted under the guidance of teachers or outsiders hired by the club.

Different from the loose and spontaneous student activities, the student association activities in Jiaxuan Middle School are experiential self-education activities designed and implemented by students under the guidance of teachers, which have the basic characteristics of the curriculum. Through the long-term efforts of the school, student association activities have become students' favorite activities in the school and an organic part of the school-based curriculum system.

(2) Moral education courses. One of the ultimate goals of education is to cultivate noble people. Starting from the reality of students, from the hierarchy and effectiveness of moral education objectives, and on the basis of summing up moral education experience and integrating traditional moral education activities, the school has gradually realized the curriculum of school moral education, and initially formed a thematic and serialized moral education curriculum that supports the moral education of disciplines, effectively improving the level of moral education and improving the quality of education. At present, the school has built a series of thematic moral education curriculum systems at three levels: school, grade and class, developed dozens of thematic moral education courses, and enriched and improved the school-based curriculum system.

As mentioned above, students' learning extends from classroom learning under the guidance of teachers to autonomous learning, from book learning to extracurricular learning, from classroom learning to off-campus learning, and from school education to off-campus education; The development of students has also changed from a single school education space to a four-dimensional space composed of school, family, society and nature.

Fourth, curriculum integration: subject to the optimization of educational resources.

Curriculum construction needs to comprehensively consider the school curriculum system. In view of the present situation of numerous school courses and tight class hours, Jiaxuan Middle School adopts the integration strategy according to local conditions, and transforms all kinds of educational resources into school curriculum content through discipline integration, time-space integration and task integration.

Take task integration as an example. In the process of implementing the extended curriculum, the school integrates with the theme activities arranged by the education authorities and the traditional festival activities of the school according to the students' reality, showing flexibility in stability and individuality in unity. For example, the activity of "walking into Xin Qiji's former residence" is combined with the educational activity of "patriotism". The whole activity revolves around "Xin Qiji": recitation group, tour guide group, photography group and document collection group. Activity courses have become an effective carrier for students to understand life and receive education.

Curriculum construction leads all the work of the school. Its achievements are not only reflected in the establishment of a relatively complete school curriculum system, which effectively promotes the growth and development of students' "suitability", but also in the continuous improvement of teachers' overall quality, the continuous enhancement of school curriculum development ability, the continuous deepening of classroom teaching and management reform, the continuous enhancement of school cohesion, the continuous improvement of teachers and students' comprehensive quality, the continuous optimization of the overall educational environment and the overall improvement of school-running level, which has laid a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the school.

In educational practice, we realize that the implementation of learning advantage education should be constructed from the curriculum, broken through from teaching, implemented from students and reflected from the process. In this way, the course is not only a "text course" such as textbooks, curriculum standards and teaching design, but an "experience course" for teachers and students to actually experience, feel, think and understand. In this way, teaching has become a process in which teachers and students pursue subjectivity, gain freedom and liberation. Only in this way can teaching truly become a personalized creative process for teachers and students.

The Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan points out that it is necessary to pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Pay attention to students' different characteristics and personality differences, and develop each student's advantage potential. Create favorable conditions, encourage teachers and principals to explore boldly in practice, innovate educational concepts, educational models and methods, form teaching characteristics and school-running styles, and train a group of educators. This not only pointed out the direction for us, but also increased our confidence.