Wang Dayan's Life and Contribution

Wang Daheng, born in February of 19 15, was originally from Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. His father, Wang Yingwei, was a meteorological astronomer who studied in Japan in his early years and returned to China after the Revolution of 1911. He worked in Beijing Observatory and Qingdao Observatory successively, and died at 1964. When Wang Daheng was a middle school student in Beijing and Qingdao, he often went to the Observatory with his father to observe meteorology and astronomy, and he was very interested in using scientific instruments. His father lamented that it was impossible to manufacture precision instruments in China at that time, but the anemometer was successfully developed. As a teenager, these scientific influences had a great influence on Wang Daheng's research and application of optics and optical glass abroad, and his commitment to the manufacture of optics and instruments in China after returning home. Wang Daheng 1936 graduated from the Department of Physics in Tsinghua University, and 1938 was admitted to the British public school to study applied optics in Imperial College London, London, England. 194 1 transferred to the university of sheffield in and studied optical glass under the guidance of the world-famous glaciologist professor W.E.S Turner. 1942 was employed by Gith Glass Company in Birmingham, specializing in optical glass research until 1948.

While studying in Britain, Wang Daheng published his first optical research paper, which discussed the influence of spherical aberration at all levels on the position and quality of the best image point in the optical system, and creatively put forward the argument that the optimization theory leads to the balance between the remaining high-level spherical aberration and low-level spherical aberration and appropriate defocusing. Some viewpoints expounded in this paper are still important basis for aberration correction and quality evaluation in the design of large aperture and small aberration optical systems (such as microscope objective), and have been cited by related works at home and abroad for many times. Japanese scholars spoke highly of this paper of Wang Daheng's youth, and extracted it in a monograph.

This is also an opportunity for Wang Daheng to spend most of his time studying and working in Britain. At that time, it was World War II, and the application of optical instruments in the war was valued by the belligerents, and the manufacturing technology of optical glass was confidential. Wang Daheng Changsi Glass Company is one of the few and earliest optical glass manufacturers in the world, and many of his research results here have not been published. He is one of the first two people in Britain to study rare earth optical glass, and he has obtained a patent. He won the first Young Instrument Development Award of British Scientific Instrument Association for many research achievements. These achievements were later applied to China and are still used as basic measuring instruments by many optical glass laboratories and factories. Wang Daheng returned to China from 65438 to 0948, and arrived in Dalian via Shanghai, Hongkong and Korea shortly after liberation. Participated in the establishment of Dalian University, presided over the establishment of the Department of Applied Physics and served as the head of the department. Under the extremely difficult material conditions at that time, relying on self-made instruments to solve the problem of setting up college general physics experiments for all grade students (more than 600 people), which showed his entrepreneurial ability.

195 1 year, China academy of sciences invited Wang Daheng to Beijing to set up an instrument research institute. 1952 Instrument Museum of China Academy of Sciences was established in Changchun. Later, it was renamed Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics on 1956, and he was appointed as the curator and director. Under his leadership, the institute has gradually developed into an important scientific research base for applied optics research and optical instrument manufacturing in China, and has trained a large number of optical science and technology backbones for the country. From 65438 to 0958, the high-precision optical instruments developed by Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics were famous for their "eight pieces" in the national scientific and technological circles. They are: one-second precision geodetic theodolite; One micron precision universal tool microscope; Large-scale time spectrograph; Medium-sized electron microscope; Neutron crystal spectrometer; Multi-arm aerial projector for topographic survey: photoelectric rangefinder; High temperature metallographic microscope and a series of colored optical glasses. Since 1960s, Wang Daheng and his Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics began to focus on national defense optical technology and engineering research. He has made important contributions in many fields, such as infrared low-light-level night vision, nuclear explosion and shooting range optical measurement equipment, high-altitude and space reconnaissance photography, space optical testing and so on. In the early 1960s, the state put forward the task of developing a large-scale precision optical tracking film theodolite. After five years of unremitting efforts, the research team led by Wang Daheng developed the first large-scale optical measuring equipment in China, which initiated the history of independent research and small-scale production of optical engineering in China. Since then, the newly established research institutions have not only research strength and equipment, but also considerable engineering technology and processing strength, such as Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Xi 'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Chengdu Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, etc.

1980 In May, China launched a long-range launch vehicle into the South Pacific. Two optical projects, film theodolite and hull deformation measurement system, developed by Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, have successfully completed the tracking measurement task of rocket reentry, and independently solved the technical problems such as smooth tracking, positioning, calibration, correction and anti-interference of ocean space measurement in the world today.

From 65438 to 0979, Wang Daheng was awarded the title of national model worker for his contribution to the research of national defense optics. 1985 "dynamic optical observation and measurement technology in modern national defense experiments" won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress, with Wang Daheng as the main winner.

In terms of developing China's space technology, Wang Daheng participated in the discussion on the scheme of Dongfanghong, China's first artificial earth satellite, from 65438 to 0965. 1967 or so, the space-to-ground photography technical group organized by Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics was transplanted to No.7 Machinery Department (now Aerospace Corporation) and became the technical backbone of ground photography in this department.

From 65438 to 0975, Wang Daheng presided over the compilation of the first remote sensing scientific plan in China, which promoted the rapid development of remote sensing in China. Subsequently, Wang Daheng led Changchun Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences (he was also the president of the branch at that time) to organize a comprehensive aerial remote sensing experiment in Changchun area. This experiment has achieved practical results in theory, method and application research, making Changchun one of the national remote sensing scientific research bases with the Institute of Geography and Institute of Optics and Mechanics as the main force. From 65438 to 0983, Wang Daheng was transferred from Changchun to the China Academy of Sciences in Beijing, where he served as the director of the Space Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and later served as honorary director. 1986 was elected as an academician of the international academy of astronautics and played an important role in this organization.

In China Academy of Sciences, Wang Daheng has established a high-intensity laser joint laboratory, making China one of the few countries with such equipment. From 65438 to 0989, he and several nuclear experts, such as Wang and others, put forward suggestions to the state to carry out laser nuclear fusion research in China and achieved a number of results.

1980, the first international laser conference was held in China, with Wang Daheng Ren Zhongfang as the chairman. He wrote articles about the progress of laser technology in China and served as the editor-in-chief of the conference proceedings. This conference led international scholars to pay attention to the progress of laser research in China. In the magazine Optics in 1985, and at the third international laser conference held in Xiamen in 1987, reports on "the new progress of laser technology in China" were made one after another.

As early as when he was studying in Britain in Wang Daheng, he studied colorimetry with Professor W.D. Wright, one of the international colorimetry authorities at that time, and served as an observer in the study of color difference threshold. After returning to China, he has been paying attention to the application of colorimetry in the national economy. 1973, Radio and Television Bureau held color TV classes in Changchun and Xi 'an. Therefore, Wang Daheng wrote a book "Chromaticity in Color TV", which taught the principle of colorimetry to nearly 100 people in dozens of units across the country, guided the design of dichroic spectral curves and dichroic prisms in color TV cameras, solved the color reproduction problem of color TV at that time, and made positive contributions to China's color TV industry. 1989, under his active advocacy, the China Natural Science Foundation approved the basic application project of colorimetry, and under the sponsorship of the Standards Department of the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, a color standard committee was established, with Wang Daheng as the chairman. After more than four years of hard work, we finally made our national color standard sample book. At the same time, the legal color standard of our national flag has been formulated.

Wang Daheng is also one of the pioneers of metrological research in China. In the 1950s, when the State Bureau of Metrology was just established, he was hired as a technical consultant, and he has been employed since then. At that time, he was in Changchun Instrument Museum, guiding the research project of establishing measurement standards such as luminosity, temperature, length and electricity, and went abroad for inspection on behalf of the State Bureau of Metrology for many times. Later, China Institute of Metrology was established, and the preliminary metrological research work of Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics became the basis of relevant work of Institute of Metrology. Especially in photometric measurement, he has always been very concerned and guided. 1956 12 Wang Daheng was the chief editor of the national metrological scientific research project when the state formulated the medium-and long-term plan for scientific and technological development. From 65438 to 0977, China joined the international metrology convention, and Wang Daheng, as the representative of China, participated in the international metrology congress and metrology committee every year. At the congress of 1979, he was elected as a member of the international metrology Committee for three consecutive terms until 1992 retired due to old age. China Metrology Society was founded in 1978. He was elected as vice chairman and chairman in 1983 and honorary chairman in 1989.

At the initiative of Wang Daheng, a joint laboratory was established in 1994 by Institute of Metrology, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Peking University, Chengdu Testing Institute and Institute of Metrology, Aerospace Group. This is an initiative to break departmental boundaries and concentrate on high-level scientific research, which has been praised by Dr. T.J. Quinn, director of the International Bureau of Metrology. Wang Daheng was elected as the director of the academic committee of our laboratory, and the work is in progress. In the field of optical instruments, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he and Mr. Gong Zutong proposed to set up the specialty of optical instruments in colleges and universities, and the Department of Optical Instruments was first established in Zhejiang University at 1952. 1958, he advocated the establishment of Changchun Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, the first optical professional institution in China. He is also the dean, and he has set up a special department himself. In addition to the major of optical instruments, he also set up optical materials department, technical physics department, electrical and electronic technology department and precision machinery department, forming a relatively complete optical technology system. He also personally taught basic courses such as general physics and modern physics. The establishment of this school received the attention and support of the leaders of national defense science and technology at that time, especially Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally instructed students from other schools to transfer to this school. After the "Cultural Revolution", the school was placed under the Ministry of Military Affairs and became one of the main institutions of higher learning in the Ministry of Weapons. So far, the school has trained more than 10 thousand graduates.

1978, Wang Daheng was entrusted by China Academy of Sciences to organize the harbin university of science and technology, and concurrently served as the principal.

In scientific research and teaching, Wang Daheng attaches great importance to the cultivation of young scientific and technological personnel, the enlightenment of academic thoughts and the cultivation of independent working ability. People who have received his guidance and learned from him academically are all over the country. Many of them have become well-known academic leaders in the field of optics, and some are academicians of China Academy of Sciences or China Academy of Engineering. Wang Daheng is recognized as the academic founder and organizational leader in the field of optics in China. 1955 was elected as the first member (academician) of the Organization Department of China Academy of Sciences. 1956, the state formulated the 12-year science and technology development plan, and he was the editor-in-chief of the instrument and meter group. He used to be the head of the expert group of instrument optics of the State Science and Technology Commission, and presided over the formulation and implementation of the plan. He advocated the establishment of chinese optical society and served as the first, second and third directors; He founded the Journal of Optics and served as the first editor-in-chief, and published the article "Some Progress of Optical Science and Technology in China" in the first issue. This paper reviews the development history of optical science and technology in China in the past 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and puts forward several problems that should be paid attention to in the future development. Among them, the views on strengthening the basic research of optics and applied optics and reforming the management system are of guiding significance.

Wang Daheng was the vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, the chairman of Beijing Association for Science and Technology, the third chairman of China Instrumentation Society and the honorary chairman of China Lighting Society. He has been the chairman of all previous laser conferences, international remote sensing conferences and international high-speed photography and photonics conferences held in China. 199 1 was elected as an academician of the international optical engineering society.

1986 in March,,, Wang, and jointly put forward suggestions to the top leaders of the country on developing China's strategic high technology. The proposal was quickly approved and developed into the "863 Plan", which had a far-reaching impact on the development of science and technology in China.

1April, 1992, Wang Daheng and five other members (academicians) jointly proposed to the Central Committee to establish the China Academy of Engineering, which has the same academic status as the China Academy of Sciences. This proposal was approved by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, which greatly encouraged the engineering community and will have a far-reaching impact on further mobilizing the enthusiasm of engineering and technical personnel. June 1994 China Academy of Engineering was formally established. On the recommendation of China Academy of Sciences, Wang Daheng was elected as an academician of the first Academy of Engineering and served as a member of the first presidium.

1995 In early 1995, Wang Daheng, who was 80 years old, won the first prize of ho leung ho lee foundation Technology Science. Xinhuanet Beijing, July 29th Wang Daheng, founder of "Two Bombs and One Satellite", academician of China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering, academician of International Academy of Astronautics, optical scientist and educator, died in Beijing on July 20th, 201,at the age of 96.

During Comrade Wang Daheng's serious illness and after his death, relevant leading comrades of the Central Committee expressed their condolences and sympathy in different ways.

Wang Daheng 1965438+ was born on February 26th, 2005, and his ancestral home is Wuxian, Jiangsu. 1936 graduated from Tsinghua University physics department. 1978, joined the China * * * production party. 1949- 195 1 Professor and Head of the Department of Applied Physics, Dalian University. 195 1 year to work in Chinese academy of sciences. 1952, director of Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of China Academy of Sciences, director of Changchun Branch of China Academy of Sciences, director of Technology Department of China Academy of Sciences, director of Space Science and Technology Center of China Academy of Sciences, consultant of Science and Technology Committee of PLA General Armament Department, director of Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, president of harbin university of science and technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, chairman of Beijing Association for Science and Technology, chairman of chinese optical society, chairman of China Instrumentation Society, chairman of China Metrology Society and chairman of China High-tech Industrialization Research Association.

Wang Daheng is a representative of the 12th National Congress of China * * * Production Party, the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th National People's Congress, and the 3rd and 7th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Committee.