Urgently ask for the sixth "Dr. Little Earth" geographical science and technology competition mailbox gysubtlel@sina.cn. Where is the notepad for the senior high school group?

The sixth "Dr. Earth" geography science and technology competition for senior high school students.

I. Multiple choice questions

Leveling method is one of the most accurate methods of elevation measurement, which provides horizontal line of sight by using a level, as shown in figure 1. Answer 1 ~ 2.

Figure 1

1. The measured elevation of point A is 53.195m, the reading of level A is1.386m, and the reading of level B is

Is 0.824m Please judge that the elevation of point B and the relative elevation of point AB are (D) respectively.

a . 54.58 1m 1.386m b . 55.405 2.2 10m

C.53.757 0.824m m. D.53.757 0.562m m.

2. Figure B shows the elevation of a certain place measured by a geographical activity group in a middle school with a simple method. If there is abundant precipitation, according to the information in the diagram, there may be several obvious gullies (C) in the illustrated area.

A. One article B. Two articles C. Three articles D. Four articles

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the weather near the meridian in eastern China on a certain day. Read Figure 2 and answer question 3.

Figure 2

3. This day is most likely to appear in (a)

A. 65438+ October B. April C. July d. 65438+ October

The four weather charts in Figure 3 reflect the weather process of a cold wave. Answer 4 ~ 5 questions with pictures and words.

Figure 3

4. According to the process of cold wave weather, the order of the four weather maps from the first to the last should be (C).

A.a→c→b→d b . b→c→d→a c . c→b→d→a d . d→a→c→b

5. From the four weather charts in Figure 3, the weather conditions in the following cities are close to reality (C).

A. Wuhan is sunny and warm. Tianjin is windy and cool.

C. c- Thunderstorm in Beijing D.D.-Continuous rain in Hangzhou.

Read Figure 4: Section of 27 N local area in China. Answer questions 6 ~ 7.

Figure 4

6. According to the distribution law of local vertical vegetation belt, the vegetation belt somewhere should be (B).

A. deciduous broad-leaved forest B. tropical rain forest C. alpine shrub D. evergreen pine forest

7. The vegetation belt in front of Yulong Mountain was formed in dry and hot climate, and the local climate was caused by (D).

① Controlled by subtropical high all the year round, downdraft prevails; ② lee slope in winter, sinking and warming.

(3) The southwest monsoon crosses the top of the mountain and sinks and heats up; (4) the valley area is blocked.

A.①②b .③④c .①③d .②④

Table 1 is the statistical table of rare earth reserves, output and consumption in some countries and regions in 2009. Answer questions 8 ~ 9.

Table 1

National reserve (%) production (%consumption (%)

China 36 97 4 1

Usa 130 13

Japan 0026

Other 5 1 3 20

8. The percentage of China's rare earth resources in the world total decreased from 74% in 1970s to 36% in 2009, mainly due to (c).

A. the consumption of rare earth resources in the world has increased. B. The exploitation of rare earth resources in the world has increased.

C. Overexploitation of rare earth resources in China D. Decline in consumption of rare earth resources in China

9. From the perspective of sustainable development, the reasonable measures that China should take in the development and utilization of rare earth resources are (D).

A. Reduce the export of primary mineral products B. Vigorously exploit rare earth resources

C. prohibit the development of rare earth resources D. increase the export share of rare earth resources in the world

Virtual water refers to the amount of water resources needed to produce goods and services. Virtual water is not real water, but "invisible" water contained in the product in the form of "virtual". Fig. 5 is "Flowchart of Virtual Water Resources in World Agricultural Trade Area from 2002 to 2007 (unit: 109 m3/a)". Look at Figure 5 and answer 10 ~ 1 1.

Figure 5

10. The area with the largest virtual water resource flow is (D)

A.A B. B C. C D. D

1 1. Information representation in the diagram (c)

The reason why there are a lot of virtual water resources input in A. D area is because of drought and water shortage.

The reason why virtual water resources are imported more in B. C area is that the total output of agricultural products is less.

C through international agricultural trade, the spatial distribution of water resources can be adjusted more reasonably.

D Virtual water resources are exported from countries with high production efficiency to countries with low production efficiency.

According to the data of the sixth population census in China (20 10), the number of people who have lived in their places of residence for more than half a year is 261390,000, an increase of170,000 compared with 2000. The proportion of the population in the eastern coastal areas to the total population of the country has increased. Based on this, the problem 12 ~ 14 was completed.

12. The phenomenon reflected by the given material is (b)

A. The scale of population mobility in China has expanded. B. The population in central and western China has decreased.

C. The spatial distribution of population in China tends to be even. D. The natural population growth rate in coastal areas of China has increased.

13. The main reason for this phenomenon is (c)

A. the attraction of development policies in the central and western regions B. the change of people's concept of fertility

C. Regional economic development level differences D. Per capita arable land reduction

14. This phenomenon will (c)

A. Improve the environmental population capacity of China B. Improve the urbanization level of China.

C. Increase the burden on China's labor force D. Increase China's food demand

Fig. 6 is a distribution map of land price grades in a city. Look at Figure 6 and answer 15 ~ 16.

Figure 6

15. It is consistent with the change of land price level of M-N line in Figure 6 (C).

A.B.

C.D.

16. In Figure 6, the land price in Area P is lower than that in surrounding areas, because (c)

A. Irregular land shape B. Inconvenient transportation

C. Far from the city center D. Affected by the railway

The four lines in Figure 7 are water quantity lines formed by the same precipitation process. Among them: natural flood hydrograph, natural underground runoff hydrograph, flood hydrograph after urbanization and flood hydrograph after reservoir construction. Read Figure 7 and answer the question 17.

17. What are the flood hydrographs formed under the influence of human activities? What are the urban flood prevention measures? ()

Figure 7

A.① and ②, construction of sewage treatment plant and improvement of drainage system B. ② and ③, dredging of river course and strengthening of road construction.

C, ③, ④, build sewage treatment plants, strengthen road construction D, ①, ③, dredge rivers and improve drainage system.

Figure 8 shows the change of cultivated land area in China from 2000 to 2007, and Figure 9 shows the change of various land areas in China from 2002 to 2007. Look at the picture and answer 18 ~ 19.

Figure 8 Figure 9

18.2000 ~ 2007 The characteristics of cultivated land area change in China are as follows.

A From 2000 to 2007, the cultivated land area first increased and then decreased.

B From 2000 to 2007, the cultivated land area remained above 654.38+200 million hectares.

C From 2000 to 200 1 year, the cultivated land area decreased the fastest.

D. from D.2003 to 2007, the reduction of cultivated land area was the same.

19.2002 ~ 2007 The reasons for the decrease of cultivated land area in China are as follows:

① Increase of construction land ② Increase of grain sown area ③ Significant effect of returning farmland to forest ④ Increase of unused land.

A.①③b .②④c .①④d .②③

Figure 10 shows the distribution of traffic and industrial areas in a city. Look at the picture 10 and complete questions 20 ~ 2 1.

Figure 10

20. The main reasons for the formation of the spatial form of the traditional industrial zone in this city are as follows.

A. Affected by topography B. Convenient transportation C. Considering prevailing wind direction D. Close to residential areas

2 1. The location advantage of the new industrial zone in this city lies in its proximity.

A. Expressway B. Downtown C. Canal D. Airport

By the end of 20 10, China has put about 7500 kilometers of high-speed railway into operation. The picture 1 1 shows a section of high-speed railway in China. Complete questions 22-24 accordingly.

Figure 1 1

22. In order to keep the train running at high speed, the natural factors that should be considered first in the route selection of high-speed railway are as follows

A. topography b geology c climate d hydrology

23. In plain areas, high-speed railways are often built in an elevated way. Mainly to

A. reduce noise and disturb people B. occupy less cultivated land C. shorten operating mileage D. protect wild animals

24. After the completion of China's high-speed railway network, the civil aviation passenger transport industry suffered the greatest impact in the following sections.

A. Wuhan-Guangzhou B. Hangzhou-Shanghai

C. Chengdu-Shanghai D. Lanzhou-Beijing

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of export data of various products in China. Look at the picture and answer questions 25 ~ 26.

Figure 12

25.265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, the description of China's various export products is correct.

① Resource-based products occupy an important position in China's export products; (2) Technological processed products have the greatest contribution to China's export; ③ Labor-intensive products are more competitive internationally; ④ The proportion of capital-based processed products in similar products in the world is less than that of resource-based products.

A.①②b .②③c。 ③④d。 ①④

26.265438+The main reasons for the structural changes of China's export products in the early 20th century are as follows.

(1) the quality of the labor force has been significantly improved; ② The output of agricultural and mineral products decreased; (3) expansion of infrastructure investment; ④ The upgrading of industrial structure has achieved remarkable results.

A.①②b。 ②③c .③④d。 ①④

Figure 13 Regional Difference Map of Natural Disasters in China. Look at the picture and answer 27 questions.

27. The numerical symbols 1 to 5 in the figure indicate the types of natural disasters in turn:

Figure 13

A. Floods, earthquakes, droughts, storm surges and earthquakes B. Storm surges, droughts, earthquakes, floods and typhoons

C. earthquakes, landslides, floods, typhoons and droughts

Figure 14 is an aerial photograph of four settlements in a mountainous area of China, with densely populated areas in the picture. Read the picture 14 and answer questions 28 ~ 29.

Figure 14

28. The settlements in the picture that are not prone to mudslides and floods are

Antidepressants.

29. The measures to deal with the debris flow disaster are correct.

A. Build a temporary shelter at the concave slope of steep mountain. B. run to the slopes on both sides of the valley when you escape.

C. Escaping upstream or downstream in the direction of the valley D. Strengthening the disaster prediction of the downstream of the debris flow valley.

From the winter of 2009 to the spring of 20 10, the temperature in the north was lower than normal, and the maximum frozen area in Bohai Sea reached 40%. Look at the picture 15 and answer 30 ~ 3 1.

30. The main reasons for the differences in ice areas along the Bohai Sea are

A. Latitude factor

B. Topographic factors

C. coastline profile

D. Salinity of seawater

Figure 15

3 1. The data shows that the snowfall in Yantai and Dalian is obviously higher than that in Tianjin and Qinhuangdao from the winter of 2009 to the spring of 20 10. The most likely reason is that

A. Humidification of air mass in Bohai Sea B. The average temperature in Yantai and Dalian is lower than that in Tianjin and Qinhuangdao.

C. Southeast monsoon prevails in Yantai and Dalian. Artificial snow was added in Yantai and Dalian.

During 20 10 ~ 20 1 1 winter and spring seasons, some areas in China suffered from a persistent drought that was rare in history. Read Figure 16 "Sketch Map of Drought Distribution (Shadow) in Some Areas of China" and answer questions 32 ~ 33.

Figure 16

32. The crops most affected by drought are

A. spring wheat b winter wheat c rice d rape

33. Among the short-term measures to alleviate the drought in the north, it is unreasonable that

A. Construction of South-to-North Water Transfer Project B. Development of groundwater C. Optimization of irrigation methods D. Implementation of artificial rainfall

Figure 17 is a remote sensing image of a sandstorm that occurred in China in the middle of March 20 10. From light to dark, the colors in the picture are clouds, dust swept into the air and the ground. Look at the picture 17 and complete questions 34 ~ 36.

34. The sandstorm occurred in

A. Sub-polar low pressure belt B. westerly belt

C. Subtropical high pressure area D. Northeast trade wind area

The middle part of the image shows a sandstorm.

A. central area, dust rising B. edge area, dust diffusion

C. Central area, dust deposition D. Edge area, dust deposition

36. Sandstorms have many impacts on the geographical environment. Huabeidi

Dust removal meeting of sandstorm in this area

A. lead to climate warming B. lead to grassland degradation

C. leading to acidification of surface water bodies D. increasing soil fertility

The Central Meteorological Observatory1October 4th 20110 issued a yellow typhoon warning:

The center of this year's 19 strong tropical storm "Niger" 10/0.

10, located in the southeast of Lingshui county, Hainan province, about 1 10 km south.

On the sea, it is 18.3 degrees north latitude and111degree east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center10 (25m/s), and the lowest air pressure in the center is 985 hectopascals.

It is estimated that "Nigger" will continue to move westward at a speed of about 15 km per hour, and will land in the coastal area from Wanning to Sanya in Hainan on the afternoon of the 4th.

Affected by "Niger" and cold air, there will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 in most parts of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the northern and western South China Sea, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province Province, the coastal areas of Guangdong, the Pearl River Estuary, Hainan, Qiongzhou Strait, Guangxi and Beibu Gulf from 4: 00 to 5: 00, and gusts in some sea areas or regions can reach 68. There will be heavy rains in Hainan, southwestern Guangdong and southeastern Guangxi, with a rainfall of 40-70 mm, and heavy rains in parts of southeastern Hainan with a rainfall of 100-200 mm.

Defense guide:

1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue according to their duties;

2. Water operations and passing ships in the relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind and strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision;

3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easily blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should try to stay in a windproof and safe place, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a while. Remember that strong winds will blow suddenly, so you should stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and dangerous people will be removed in time.

5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

Look at the picture 18 and the materials, and complete 37 ~ 38 questions.

Figure 18

Typhoon is a severe weather system.

A. warm front B. cold front C. tropical high pressure D. tropical low pressure

38. According to the forecast of "Niger", which areas need to guard against meteorological disasters such as storms?

A. Sichuan and Chongqing should guard against strong winds, while Guangxi and Yunnan should guard against heavy rains.

B. Hainan and Fujian should guard against strong winds, and Guangdong and Guangxi should guard against heavy rains.

C. Jiangsu and Anhui should guard against strong winds, and Hubei and Hunan should guard against heavy rains.

D Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces guard against strong winds, while Henan and Shandong provinces guard against heavy rains.

Heavy metal pollutants do great harm to human health. Fig. 19 shows the path of heavy metal pollutants entering human body, and fig. 20 shows the concentration distribution of lead and cadmium in soil on both sides of an expressway. Look at the picture and answer 39 ~ 40 questions.

Figure 19 Figure 20

39. The following schematic diagrams ①, ②, ③ and ④ can correctly represent the circulation process of heavy metal elements in the environment.

① ② ③ ④

A.①b .②c。 3d。 ④

40. The main sources of heavy metal pollutants in soil on both sides of expressway and the effective measures to reduce the concentration of heavy metal pollutants in soil on both sides of expressway are correct.

A. Friction between automobile tires and the ground and promotion of new tires

B. Leave the heavy metal mine car on the road, level the road surface and prevent bumps.

C. the use of automobile exhaust and unleaded gasoline

D. Mining the surrounding heavy metal minerals and adopting new mining technologies

Second, the writing of scientific papers.

Geography is a science that studies the geographical environment and the relationship between human activities and geographical environment. Geography occupies an important position in the modern scientific system and plays an important role in solving the problems of population, resources, environment and development.

While learning the necessary geographical knowledge of future citizens, we should also enhance our geographical learning ability and survival ability. Paying attention to population, resources, environment and regional development is helpful to form a correct understanding of the relationship between man and land and the concept of sustainable development, cherish the earth and treat the environment well.

Please write a short essay with the theme of "learning geography and building the motherland": clear-cut, accurate and reasonable. The number of words is between 600 and 800.