Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - Color classification of color schemes

Color classification of color schemes

In the ever-changing color world, the colors that people visually perceive are very rich, which are divided into primary colors, secondary colors and compound colors according to their types. However, in terms of color series, they can be divided into achromatic colors. There are two categories: color series and color series. Primary colors: The basic colors that cannot be broken down are called primary colors. Primary colors can be synthesized into other colors, but other colors cannot be restored to their original colors. There are only three primary colors. The three primary colors of light are red, green, and blue. The three primary colors of pigment are magenta (bright rose red), yellow, and cyan (lake blue). All colors can be synthesized from the three primary colors of light, and white light can be obtained by adding them together. Theoretically speaking, the three primary colors of pigments can be blended to produce any other color. The same color can be added to black. Because commonly used pigments contain other chemical components in addition to pigments, the purity of the blended color will be affected when two or more pigments are blended. The more species there are, the less pure and bright the paint will be. The addition of the three primary colors of the pigments can only produce a dark, turbid color, not pure black.

Secondary color: a secondary color obtained by mixing two primary colors. There are only three secondary colors: the three secondary colors are magenta, yellow, and cyan (lake blue). They are called "complementary colors" in some color photography books, which refers to the complementary relationship on the color wheel. The three secondary colors of pigments are orange, green, and purple, also called secondary colors. It must be pointed out that the three secondary colors of light are exactly the three primary colors of the pigment. This intertwined relationship constitutes the complex connection between color light, pigments and color vision, and also constitutes the rich content of color principles and laws.

Compound color: Two secondary colors of a pigment or one primary color and its corresponding secondary color (red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange) are mixed to obtain a complex color, also known as the third color color. The complex color contains all the primary color components, but the proportions between the primary colors are different, thus forming different gray tones such as red gray, yellow gray, green gray (the list is omitted here).

Since the three primary colors of colored light are added together to produce white light, this will produce two consequences: one is that there is no complex color in the colored light, and the other is that there is no gray tones in the colored light. If the colors between the two colored lights are added, only Produce a light primary color light, taking yellow light plus cyan light as an example: yellow light + cyan light = red light + green light + green light + blue light = green light + white light = bright green light 1. There are color systems: Refers to all colors included in the visible spectrum, with red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc. as the basic colors. Thousands of colors produced by different amounts of mixing between basic colors and different amounts of mixing between basic colors and achromatic colors all belong to the chromatic system. The colored system is determined by the wavelength and amplitude of light. The wavelength determines the hue, and the amplitude determines the hue.

Any color in the chromatic system has three major attributes, namely hue, brightness and purity. In other words, as long as a color has the above three attributes, it belongs to the chromatic system.

2. Achromatic series: refers to various shades of gray series formed by the blending of black, white and black and white. From a physical point of view, they are not included in the visible spectrum, so they cannot be called colors. But from the perspective of visual physiology and psychology, they have complete color properties and should be included in the color system.

The achromatic system gradually changes from white to light gray, medium gray, dark gray and even black according to certain changing rules. In color science, it is called the black and white series. The change from white to black in the black and white series can be represented by a vertical axis, with white at one end and black at the other, with various transitional grays in the middle. Pure white is an ideal completely reflective object, pure black is an ideal completely absorbing object. However, pure white and pure black objects do not exist in real life. The zinc white and lead white used in pigments can only be close to pure white, and coal black can only be close to pure black.

Achromatic colors only change in brightness, but do not have the properties of hue and purity, which means that their hue and purity are theoretically equal to zero. The brightness of two colors can be expressed in terms of black and white. The closer to white, the higher the brightness; the closer to black, the lower the brightness.