Li Yu translated Yu Meiren, and Zhou Bangyan translated Su Muzhe.

When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon.

Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.

translate

When will spring flowers and autumn moon end? How much do you know about the past! The east wind of spring blew from the small building last night, and I couldn't bear to look back in the moonlight and miss my hometown.

The finely carved railings and jade steps should still be there, but the ladies-in-waiting are old. How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward.

Brief analysis

This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words. Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect. It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. However, this well-known masterpiece is unique in art: Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are mostly beautiful, but the author earnestly hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible; The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner. The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little stiff, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power. It can be said that the word Li Yu is widely used because, to a great extent, the sentence is based on infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes the sad thought vivid and abstract: the author does not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thought-recalling the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual resonance from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.

Su Mu (Song) Zhou Bangyan

Burn agarwood to relieve summer heat. Birds call clear, intrude into the eaves.

The leaves of Chuyang withered all night, the water was clear and round, and the wind and lotus rose one by one.

My hometown is far away. Why go? I live in Wumen and have been traveling in Chang 'an for a long time.

Do the fishermen in May remember each other? Boat, dream into furongpu.

translate

Burn agarwood to relieve summer heat and sultry. It's sunny after the rain and the birds are singing happily. At dawn, I secretly listened to their "words" under the eaves. The first ray of sunshine on the lotus leaf dried the rain and water all night, and the water surface was clear and round. Lotus leaves are exposed to the morning breeze.

I want to go to my distant hometown. When can I go back? My family originally lived in wuyue (now Qiantang) and lived in Chang 'an for a long time. In May, it was my childhood friend in my hometown who was thinking of me and rowing a boat. I came to the lotus pond in my dream (the word refers to West Lake in Hangzhou).

Brief analysis

This word is easy to remember. The quiet scenery described at the beginning, burning agarwood to cool off the heat, the environment of these two sentences is very quiet. There are birds singing in three or four sentences, and it is pointed out that it rained last night and there were birds' movements, indicating that sunny days are coming and the atmosphere is relaxed and happy. Five or six sentences are delicate and detailed, with a sense of form, echoing in the ear like music. End the ascent with a lotus-like lightness.

Xiaque's lyric is more touching than Shangque's. He also used vernacular words, which is quite different from his exquisite style. One or two periods appear where you live, not in your hometown. Three or four sentences of homesickness overflow on the paper. Ask the fisherman in his hometown if he misses himself to show his strong yearning for his hometown friends. The last two sentences entered the dream. Hierarchical, meticulous division of labor, smooth lines. It is unpredictable to recall old friends from the battlefield and dream of old Holland.

From the above analysis, we can see the scene in front of us: one morning in Bianjing in the midsummer of May, it just rained last night, which was very hot and humid, and the owner just woke up; Smell the residual smell of agarwood used last night, listen to the birds singing around, and it is even more silent. Get up and watch the lovely movements of birds. Outside, the lotus blooms after the rain. After sunrise, the raindrops on the lotus leaves gradually evaporate. Lotus stands upright on the clear water in the wind ... then the author falls into memories, misses his hometown and dreams of returning to his hometown. ...

This word, like Zhou Bangyan's previous words, has many advantages in refining words. The last three sentences are even more exciting, and they are worthy of being the terminator described in the book. Wang Guowei once commented: "Jade Case" is beautiful in poetry, "The leaves are dry and rainy, the water surface is clear and round, and the wind is rushing", which can really win the lotus god. (Article 36 of "Words on Earth"); Sapphire case should be mistaken) more elegant charm than "lotus leaves are infinitely blue and lotus flowers are of different colors"; In terms of smallness and elegance, it also won the prize that "Xiao He only shows its sharp corners, and dragonflies have long stood on it". Make a careful analysis: the surface of fresh green lotus leaves is still dripping after the rain last night. However, the author carefully observed the evaporation process of water droplets, and the image was subtle and afterwards. When the lotus leaves shake, there must be noise, which leads to the effect of music and extraordinary techniques. After that, the word "lift" makes the continuous entrance have a style of character without losing its charm; From the point of view, the author is very particular. First a raindrop, then it swells and falls to the surface of the water, and finally it looks at the whole pond from a distance, as if taking pictures.

In addition to the above three sentences, there is still a lack of "burning agarwood to relieve the heat", that is, knowing that the owner just woke up in the morning. The word "Xia Shu" is silent, which means infinite sleepiness. This is also the author's first feeling after waking up-drowsiness and agarwood's sense of smell. Then there is "birds singing clearly", the voice is audible, and the word "shout" is more humanized. Everything in the author's mind is so lovely and noisy in silence, just like writing "cicada and manic forest are quieter, Tonamiyama is more secluded" to set off the surrounding silence. Four sentences of "invading the eaves", visual feeling; When I heard birds chirping, I thought of going to see them, and then I saw the lotus flowers, which brought back memories. The context is clear, but meticulous and reasonable.

Xiaque is divided into two places-"Wumen" and Bianjing, which arouse different feelings of the two places through the lotus scene; I will talk about "Yu Lang" in my hometown and "I" in Bianjing, and then go back to the lotus in my dream and the end of the lotus. The way to describe the lyrics is to understand, but it is reasonable. The first part depicts the scenery, nuanced, no one in the scene, realistic everywhere; When the next movie comes, the overall situation will be clear and the artistic conception will be fully opened; And from the memory and questioning of my hometown, I revealed a faint and deep homesickness. Moreover, the phrases in this word are like vernacular Chinese, without allusions or poems, which is very different from his previous words. The lines between the lines are calm and calm with bitterness, which is really human.