How to ensure the healthy growth of young teachers from the legal system

The research and formulation of the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan has promoted the new changes in China's education system and personnel training mechanism, and also put forward new requirements for teachers. As a new force to promote the sustained and healthy development of higher education in China, young teachers in colleges and universities undoubtedly shoulder an irreplaceable role. Their training is closely related to the orientation and transformation of related universities and the career development planning of young teachers, which is even more critical and important in the highly educated young teachers, fierce professional competition and rapid structural changes. Therefore, how to create a good growth environment for young teachers in colleges and universities, provide scientific growth conditions, and continuously improve the professional quality and level of young teachers is an urgent task to be explored and studied.

Second, the status quo of young teachers training in colleges and universities in China

With the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education in China, the competition among universities has shifted from scale to connotation and strength, and the construction of young teachers has become a strategic factor to determine the future competitive development of universities. Therefore, universities of different levels and types in China have launched increasingly fierce competition in the training of young teachers.

1. Measures to train young teachers in Chinese universities at present

In order to understand the measures of training young teachers in domestic universities as a whole, this paper focuses on several universities as cases for inductive analysis.

(1) Nankai University. In order to build a first-class high-level research university, Nankai University launched the "Light of Hope" training program for young backbone teachers, and set up a special fund to ensure its implementation, so as to encourage young top talents to come to the fore. These specific measures include: implementing the "overseas study plan for young backbone teachers" and the "visiting plan for domestic scholars of young backbone teachers"; Promote the doctoral process of teachers, encourage and support young backbone teachers to study for degrees on the job; Strengthen the post-doctoral enrollment of science and engineering, and actively attract doctors of science and engineering to engage in post-doctoral research; Encourage postdoctoral researchers to publish high-level papers during the station and give certain rewards to outstanding papers; Actively attract outstanding postdoctoral students to enrich the teaching staff. [ 1]

(2) Nanjing University. Since the beginning of this century, Nanjing University has strengthened the construction of young teachers. Specific measures include: launching the "Young Key Teachers Training Plan", "Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders Plan" and "Promoting the Construction of Full-time Scientific Research Team"; Explore the introduction and training mechanism of high-end talents; Cooperate with the discipline construction strength of returnees and existing teams; Promote policies such as affordable housing projects.

(3) Tsinghua University. In recent years, Tsinghua University has paid equal attention to the cultivation and introduction of talents, and has introduced a series of systems and measures, which have provided a broad development space and stage for young teachers. Specific measures include: implementing the construction of high-level talent team and insisting on the combination of "training" and "introduction"; Implement the distribution mechanism of "excellent work and excellent reward", implement the agreed salary system for specially introduced overseas high-level talents, and issue special allowances to teachers who enter the "Basic Research Young Talents Support Program"; We will improve the competitive incentive mechanism, successively set up the "Academic Newcomer Award", "Young Teachers' Teaching Excellence Award" and "Key Talents Support Fund", hold regular teaching skill competitions and teaching effect evaluation, deepen the reform of teaching and scientific research management, and build excellent teaching teams and academic innovation teams.

(4) Zhejiang University. In order to strengthen the training of young teachers, Zhejiang University has successively launched a series of training programs for young teachers since 2005, namely, the post-doctoral training program for teachers, the support program for outstanding young teachers (referred to as Zijin program), the interdisciplinary cross-learning training program (referred to as cross-learning program), and the overseas research program for academic leaders (referred to as nova program). The joint implementation of the four plans further highlights the hierarchical, systematic and goal-oriented training of young teachers, thus establishing a training and support system with clear goals, clear levels, orderly connection and promoting the sustainable development of outstanding talents.

(5) Beijing Foreign Studies University. As a foreign language college, Beijing Foreign Studies University has been trying to explore and practice a new model of young teachers' development in recent years, with the development of young teachers as the guide and the teacher development center as the support. Specific measures include: building a training system for young teachers; Create a brand of teacher development activities; Form an innovative team of young teachers; Build an interactive platform for teachers' development.

2. Analysis of the current situation of training young teachers in colleges and universities in China.

Judging from the training of young teachers in the above-mentioned colleges and universities, Chinese colleges and universities pay more and more attention to the training of young teachers, and have also adopted various ways and measures to strengthen the quality and level of training. Generally speaking, it presents the following characteristics.

(1) The training of young teachers in domestic colleges and universities is facing a period of change of diversified exploration and promotion. Since the end of the last century, the scale of colleges and universities in China has been expanding, and the number of teachers has also been growing. The proportion of young teachers is rising, the age structure of teachers has been improved, and young teachers have become the main force of teachers. However, an important task facing colleges and universities is how to strengthen the training of young teachers so that they can undertake the important task of school development faster and better. Therefore, colleges and universities in different regions, types and levels are trying to explore ways and paths to train young teachers according to their own development orientation, resource advantages and other goals and conditions, which determines that the training of young teachers in domestic colleges and universities is facing a period of diversified exploration and promotion, which not only meets the requirements of market economy for human resource management and allocation, but also meets the urgent situation facing the current development of colleges and universities, so it is necessary to reduce talents in an eclectic manner instead of recruiting ordinary talents.

(2) The cultivation of young teachers in domestic colleges and universities is showing a fierce competitive situation of connotative development. At present, domestic colleges and universities have entered a period of connotative development, and the competition is not the scale, but the quality and level in personnel training, scientific research, social service and cultural inheritance. Young teachers are the backbone and hope of the school's future development. Therefore, almost all colleges and universities attach great importance to the construction and training of young teachers, trying to make the school a place where "green pepper" can realize personal career ideals and dreams, and closely link the development of the school with the growth of "green pepper", so as to be invincible in the fierce competition of current and future college development. At present, China's "985" and "2 1 1" engineering colleges fully recruit and train young talents, and give full play to various channels and resources to provide support and guarantee for the development of young teachers, which has fully explained this point.

(3) The training of young teachers in domestic colleges and universities is in the stage of learning from foreign countries in an all-round way and accelerating internationalization. Judging from the measures taken by the above five comprehensive universities in training young teachers, they represent that most universities in China are trying to speed up the internationalization of their schools through the internationalization of talents and strengthen their efforts to learn from the world's higher education powers, which not only broadens the scope of recruiting young talents, but also builds a broader platform for their growth. This path reflects the general trend of internationalization of education, but only universities with strength and conditions can implement it well. For ordinary universities, although it can be popularized, the effect and sustainability are difficult to control.

(4) The cultivation of young teachers in domestic universities is highlighting the promotion and leading role of scientific research ability. At present, driven by the competitive development of schools and the orientation of teachers' evaluation, domestic colleges and universities pay more and more attention to the position of scientific research in the functions of colleges and universities, and take strengthening scientific research innovation and improving scientific research ability as the top priority of young teachers' training, and give full play to the leading role of scientific research in the training of young teachers in colleges and universities, so as to not only improve the scientific research level of young teachers in the shortest time, but also rapidly promote the development of schools and strive for more resources, which is particularly prominent in research universities. It can be seen that scientific research has become an important starting point and breakthrough for cultivating young teachers in domestic universities.

Third, the problems existing in the training of young teachers in colleges and universities in China

Under the background of new changes in higher education in the world and China, it is undoubtedly of great strategic significance to strengthen the training of young teachers for the future development of colleges and universities. With the sustained, healthy and stable development of China's social economy, domestic colleges and universities have the conditions to implement their own training plans for young teachers and have made many gratifying achievements. However, we must clearly see the gap between China's higher education and developed countries, as well as many problems and shortcomings in the training of young teachers, so as to find out the reasons and ways to continuously promote the training of young teachers in colleges and universities in China.

1. The training of young teachers in colleges and universities in China lacks systematic and long-term development planning.

Although domestic colleges and universities have made great efforts to train young teachers according to their own conditions and development reality, from the perspective of educational laws and the long-term development of young teachers, the methods and measures of "short, flat and fast" can certainly play an effective role, but we need to systematically think about various problems in the training of young teachers in colleges and universities and make long-term development plans from the perspective of national education reform, talent training and team building. Developed countries in higher education are in the forefront because they have scientific educational ideas and forward-looking development plans. The "Future Teacher Training Program" in the United States is a good example. Therefore, the cultivation of young teachers in domestic colleges and universities can not only stay at the level of one school and one policy, but the state should take some actions in this regard to facilitate the long-term healthy development of young teachers.

2. The theoretical research on the cultivation of young teachers in colleges and universities in China is weak and the empirical research is insufficient.

Compared with the contribution and progress of foreign universities in the training of young teachers, an obvious deficiency in domestic universities is that the theoretical research on teacher education and talent training is weak and the innovation is insufficient, which is manifested in the following aspects: First, the theoretical innovation is insufficient. Most of the theories related to higher education and the training of young teachers in colleges and universities come from developed countries, but few of them can be based on domestic reality for theoretical innovation. Second, empirical research is insufficient. At present, although there are many measures to train young teachers in colleges and universities in China, there are not many real long-term follow-up and empirical studies, so it is difficult to form a family background, and the consciousness of consciously applying theory to guide practice is even weaker.

3. The training organization and system guarantee of young teachers in colleges and universities in China need to be strengthened.

Compared with many foreign educational institutions, domestic universities are weak in the organizational guarantee of teacher training. Take the pre-job training of young teachers in Beijing as an example. Since 1997, the schools participating in the training have expanded from municipal universities to subordinate universities such as the Ministry of Education, training tens of thousands of teachers. However, there are still many limitations in pre-job training, such as training content, teaching hours, teaching forms, training mechanism and non-specialization of management. [6] As for continuing education, it is even more difficult to continue and standardize. Moreover, the lack of domestic policies and regulations on the training of young teachers in colleges and universities and the lag of legalization have also affected the stable growth of young teachers.

4. The training of young teachers in colleges and universities in China presents an unbalanced development trend.

Under the current fierce competition in domestic universities, the training of young teachers is prone to unbalanced development due to the differences in regions, types and levels of universities. In fact, universities, subordinate colleges and engineering colleges in developed areas of China have obvious incomparable advantages in obtaining various resources, adopting various training channels and financial support, and the imbalance between teaching staff construction and talent training will increase. This unbalanced trend is not exaggerated under certain conditions. The key lies in how to carry out reform at the national level, how to plan personnel training until the construction of young teachers, and how to improve the overall educational strength of the country.

Fourthly, the ways and countermeasures to improve the training level and quality of young teachers in colleges and universities in China.

Based on the above analysis, this report puts forward the following paths and countermeasures to improve the training level and quality of young teachers in Chinese universities.

1. Attach great importance to the moral education of young teachers in colleges and universities.

The cultivation of young teachers in colleges and universities must attach great importance to the education of teachers' morality and put it in the first place. Teachers' moral education is not only the first lesson for young teachers to start their careers, but also has a great influence on their professional identity, spiritual belonging and the healthy development of their future careers. It directly determines what kind of talents colleges and universities cultivate, whether they can carry out scientific research, social services and cultural inheritance, so as to enhance the functions of colleges and universities and successfully realize their development goals. At present, the problems existing in the construction of young teachers' morality in colleges and universities in China have aroused widespread concern in society, and the construction of teachers' morality must be included in the whole process of training young teachers. Colleges and universities at all levels should, according to the actual situation of the school, strengthen the construction of young teachers' morality through flexible topic selection, various forms of lectures, surveys, seminars, surveys and long-term effective supervision and management, so that young teachers can put morality first and lay a solid foundation for their all-round healthy growth.

2. Improve the institutionalization, standardization and modernization of the management of young teachers in colleges and universities.

System design and scientific management are very important for the cultivation of young teachers in colleges and universities. The state should formulate a forward-looking and leading system at the macro level, formulate plans for teacher education and young teachers training at different levels, and push forward in the direction of legalization. Under the guidance of the state on the all-round development of teachers, especially young teachers, colleges and universities should carry out reasonable system design in combination with their own reality, including pre-service training, qualification certification, post competition, continuing education, teacher mobility and so on. , so as to institutionalize the training concept and really play a role in regulating and guiding. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of teacher education organization network, build a wide variety of teacher learning and growth organizations, and strengthen emotional management; Actively use modern scientific and technological means to improve the level of management services and strengthen the modern management level of young teachers' training.

3. Strengthen theoretical and policy research on the development of young teachers in colleges and universities.

The state, universities and relevant scientific research units should attach great importance to the innovation of educational theory, create various conditions and opportunities, and encourage theoretical and policy research on the cultivation and development of young teachers. They should not only create a unique theory of the development of young teachers in colleges and universities according to the situation and characteristics of socialist education in China, but also incorporate the ability of theoretical innovation into the process of young teachers' cultivation and system formulation as an important content and goal of training, and strengthen the ability of young teachers to ask new questions, solve new problems and create new ideas and new achievements. We should pay attention to the organic coordination and connection of education and teaching, teachers' professional development and scientific research ability improvement, so that young teachers can have the consciousness and ability to innovate consciously in teaching, scientific research and serving the society.

4. Consolidate the dynamic system construction of young teachers' training in colleges and universities.

The cultivation of young teachers in colleges and universities is not only an important part of the construction of teachers, but also a long-term process of study, exploration and practice. First of all, it is not an independent link, but has a direct relationship with the selection, appointment, assessment and promotion of teachers, so we must pay attention to the infiltration, coordination and consistency of all links; Secondly, short-term training such as pre-job training and professional skills training is not enough. We should pay attention to the combination of short-term training and long-term follow-up training, pay attention to the construction of teachers' team and the cultural inheritance of educational skills, and truly promote the professionalization process and training system construction of young teachers. Not only that, but also adjust the training focus in time according to the educational law and social and economic development situation, and form a dynamic and open training system for young teachers.

5. Explore the balanced development of young teacher training in colleges and universities.

The meaning of balanced development is to avoid Matthew effect and unfair education caused by excessive concentration of educational resources, but it does not exclude the efficiency brought by unbalanced process. China's universities are multi-level, wide-ranging, complex and diverse, and the fair and effective allocation of higher education resources determines the sustained and healthy development of China's higher education. Therefore, to standardize and guide the training of young teachers in colleges and universities from the institutional level, we should not only emphasize the foundation and universality, but also focus on supporting regions, departments and groups with high resource allocation efficiency. Through differentiated approaches and measures, the balanced development of young teachers' training in colleges and universities can be realized, and resources in human, financial and material aspects can be reasonably transferred.

6. Strengthen the exchange and study support of young teachers in different universities at home and abroad.

In line with the trend of internationalization of education, colleges and universities should create conditions to encourage young teachers to study abroad and visit and exchange at home, make full use of international high-quality educational science and technology resources, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation among colleges and universities. For example, Nanjing Agricultural University sends more than 30 outstanding young and middle-aged teachers abroad for long-term cooperative research and study tours every year. Shandong University will do a good job in sending young and middle-aged teachers to study abroad, focusing on subsidizing a group of key teachers to go to famous foreign universities and research institutes for scholars, cooperative research or short-term study. The training funds used by Dalian University of Technology to send outstanding young teachers abroad for course study, postdoctoral research, doctoral study, academic visits and research, and participation in international academic conferences are increasing year by year. These are all very good practices, which will undoubtedly help to improve the teaching and scientific research ability of young teachers, make them have an international vision and level, and open up a broad growth space for young teachers to become internationally influential talents in the future.