Thirteen photographic construction techniques

I saw a sentence recently, which deeply touched me.

Boris Pasternak said, "People don't live a lifetime, not a few years, months and days, but a few moments."

How to seize the present and make the beauty eternal? I think besides observing attentively, I also need to master some practical skills, such as photography and painting.

Part I: Photographic composition practice

One: the practice of drawing.

1. Banner painting, personally feel realistic, can give people a broad field of vision (mobile phone horizontally), and want to show the openness of the picture horizontally. For example: natural scenery with horizon.

2. The vertical frame shows the height and straightness of the subject, which can also increase the spatial depth of the picture and want to show the depth of the picture.

3. The box is a standard square, so it will give people a balanced, serious, stable and static visual effect. When shooting natural scenery, the box can make the picture present a harmonious and stable aesthetic feeling.

Two: the practice of shooting angle

In photographic composition, we can divide the shooting angles into three types: looking up, looking up and looking down.

1. Look up, reflecting tall and straight objects, increasing the three-dimensional sense of screen space. With the sky as the background, it is more concise and avoids clutter. In addition, the impact force is strong, the object is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, and the greater the head-up angle, the greater the deformation effect and the stronger the impact force of the picture.

2. Head-up, in line with people's visual habits, can ensure that the subject in the picture is not deformed, giving people a peaceful, balanced and stable visual experience. When shooting portraits, it gives people a sense of closeness to the picture.

-avoid the main body is not prominent. The head-up picture is relatively dull, which easily leads to the subject not being prominent. Arrange the subject in the most eye-catching position in the picture, such as near the golden section.

-Choose an attractive subject, and increase the attraction of the screen through the subject.

3. Looking down, the photos taken will have a condescending overall effect and a very broad vision.

-The higher the overlooking height, the greater the visual impact.

-When shooting from above, many elements enter the picture, so as to avoid clutter from affecting the picture.

Three: Practice in different scenes.

Scenery, the range of subjects with different sizes and screen images in photos, can be divided into several categories, namely, distant view, panoramic view, middle view, close-up view and close-up.

1. foresight, arrange the subject in the distance of the picture, so that the vision is broad and far-reaching. You can also use a variety of means to express the depth of the picture, such as line elements.

2. Panoramic view allows the audience to see the complete theme. When shooting a panoramic picture, the lens of the mobile phone should be far away from the subject, so as to present the whole picture of the subject. In this process, it is necessary to avoid messy objects from entering the picture and let the subject stand out in the picture.

3. Mid shot, showing the local picture of the subject. When shooting, attention should be paid to grasping the obvious part of the subject for performance.

4. Close-up can show local details more clearly. When shooting, we should pay attention to arrange the subject in the visual center of the picture, keep the background simple, and avoid the messy background distracting the viewer's visual attention.

5. Close-up shows a part of the main information in the picture very clearly and meticulously. The picture is simple and simple, which can strengthen the content and highlight the details.

Four: composition practice

1. Single point composition, choose a single element as the main body of the picture, so that the picture has only one attractive focus. Single-point composition requires simplification of the picture, emphasizing the prominence of the subject, and reasonably arranging the position of a single subject in the picture to make the picture look more harmonious.

-Avoid chaotic scenes.

-Close to the subject to blur the background.

-Change the shooting position or angle and choose a clean background for the subject.

2. Multi-point chessboard composition, when there are multiple repeated identical elements in the picture, these repeated elements can be used for multi-point chessboard composition. The repeated appearance of multiple identical elements can make the picture have momentum, thus achieving the purpose of rendering the atmosphere and enriching the picture.

-Many subjects in the picture are parallel, so they should be presented in a balanced way in the picture, regardless of primary or secondary.

-Try to shoot from different angles, so that the subjects are evenly distributed in the picture, and the characteristics of each subject are fully displayed in the picture, resulting in richer visual effects.

3. Minimalist composition ensures that there are very few elements in the picture when composing, and most areas of the picture are composed of blank spaces, showing a small and fresh style of literature and art.

Five: find horizontal and vertical lines in the scene to practice.

The horizontal and vertical lines often determine whether the picture is stable, natural and harmonious.

1. Vertical lines bring stability, straightness, solemnity and toughness to the picture.

-Ensure the vertical angle, because a skewed line can easily break the harmony of the picture and make people feel that the composition is not rigorous.

-The composition with repeated vertical lines can increase the three-dimensional sense of the picture, guide people's sight and bring people a sense of rhythm visually.

2. Horizontal lines often appear in landscape themes. One or several horizontal lines parallel to the ground can bring a sense of stability, comfort, peace and tranquility to the picture.

-Make sure that the horizontal line in the picture is horizontal.

-Different positions of horizontal lines in the picture will bring different effects, but they must conform to the golden section law and be arranged in the upper third or the lower third of the picture.

Six: Find the curve in the scene.

Building curves in the picture can make the picture harmonious, beautiful and elegant.

? -There are many kinds of curves, the most common ones are S-type and C-type.

-The closer the phone lens is to the curve element, the more obvious the spatial depth effect will be.

Seven: composition practice of cohesion line

Originally parallel lines converge and cross at a certain point.

The use of convergent lines for composition shooting can bring a strong visual impact and a sense of space depth to the picture. It is often used to shoot scenery, architecture and other subjects to show the strong convergence effect and spatial perspective effect of the picture.

-The line can be a virtual line.

-The denser the convergence line, the deeper the perspective and the stronger the stereoscopic effect of the picture.

? -The closer the mobile phone lens is to the convergence line element, the more obvious the convergence effect will be. Squatting down and lowering the position of the mobile phone to shoot can make the convergence effect stronger.

Eight: triangle composition practice

Divide the picture into three parts equally, call these two bisectors bisectors, and construct the picture with bisectors called bisector composition.

-When shooting a landscape theme, the composition is usually divided into three parts. This three-point composition can be divided into upper three points and lower three points, and then according to which part of the picture is more attractive and which part is more important.

-When shooting people, animals or flowers, you can arrange the subjects on the perpendicular bisector. Using vertical trisection composition can not only achieve the purpose of highlighting the main body, but also make the picture more lively. Shooting at a low angle will make the picture more vivid.

Nine: TIC-tac-toe composition practice

TIC-tac-toe composition is actually a form of golden section. When shooting, the picture is divided into nine parts by four virtual straight lines, and the main body is arranged at the intersection of the well-shaped composition.

-According to the relationship between subject and space, arranging subjects at different intersections will bring different visual effects. Generally, the two points above the herringbone are more dynamic than the two points below, and the two points on the left are more expressive than the two points on the right.

-You can also put the part that the subject wants to express at the intersection.

Ten: triangle composition practice

If the main body of the picture is a triangle-like structure, or multiple elements can be combined into a triangle-like shape, we can make a triangle composition. The picture of triangular structure will give people a sense of stability. There are not only vertical triangles, but also oblique triangles and inverted triangles in photographic composition, which will bring different visual feelings to the picture.

-Not necessarily a standard triangle.

-two ways of triangle construction: first, the subject itself is a triangle-like; Second, there are many subjects in the picture. By adjusting the shooting angle and shooting position, triangular composition can be realized.

Eleven: symmetrical composition exercises

Using the symmetrical relationship of the scene to compose a picture, symmetrical composition will often bring us a stable, regular and balanced picture sense. Divided into: left and right symmetry, up and down symmetry.

XII: Frame Composition

Arranging the subject in a frame element is frame composition. The frame can be a window, a tree, a car door, etc. It can also be a virtual color block line. Frame elements can focus the viewer's attention, highlight the main body, and also increase the sense of space and hierarchy of the picture.

-Frame elements come in many forms. Some picture frames are hidden deep and need careful observation to be found. For example, by changing the shooting angle or position, some scattered branches are built into a frame structure for framing composition shooting.

-Proportional relationship between body and body shape. If you don't master it well, forming a composition with a big frame and a small theme will give people a very abrupt picture feeling.

Thirteen: Open Composition

Open composition is a way to break the traditional concept of composition. It does not pay attention to the balance and rigor in the picture, but pursues to bring more imagination space to people.

Arrange the main content you want to express in the picture, and cut the main body or the rest related to the main body out of the picture. In this way, when people see the main body in the picture, they will subconsciously associate it with the parts related to the main body outside the picture, so that the viewer can associate it with the outside of the picture from a limited picture, thus generating greater space imagination.

Fourteen: closed composition

Compared with open composition, closed composition is a completely opposite way, paying more attention to the integrity and independence of the picture structure, and its content is only displayed in the picture, so it is a very rigorous composition form.

By closing the picture presented by the composition, you can get a serious, beautiful and quiet picture effect. Make the viewer's eyes all focus on the subject, thus highlighting the subject.

Fifteen: Dislocation Composition

Because of the relationship between distance and smallness and some special perspectives, the scenes in different spatial positions in the picture are linked together, and a very interesting dislocation effect is obtained.

In our daily life, there are many misplaced subjects that can be photographed, such as taking pictures of the sun and hands before sunset; You can also take the toy car and the car on the road in the wrong position; You can also photograph two people with different distances alternately.

The farther the object is from the lens, the smaller the image becomes.

The closer the object is to the lens, the larger the image.

Sixteen: shoot close to the subject

The famous photographer robert capa has such a famous saying: "If you don't shoot well enough, it's because you don't shoot close enough."

XVII: Prospect application

Adding foreground (foil subject) to the picture can increase the layering of the picture and avoid the picture being too dull. It is a composition method that is not difficult to operate but effective.

Eighteen: the use of contrast between light and shade

Contrast between light and shade is a composition method that makes use of the obvious difference of scene brightness. When using contrast between light and shade, bright scenery can be the main body, and dark background can play a good role in setting off the main body; You can also take the gloomy scenery as the main body, and the bright background is like a blank sheet of paper, which makes the main body more obvious in the picture.

Choose a good subject position: in large-scale bright-tone images, small-scale dark areas will be more attractive, while in large-scale dark-tone images, small-scale bright-color areas will be more attractive. We can arrange the theme we want to express in these attractive places to highlight the theme.

Reduce exposure compensation and increase dark contrast effect. When exposure compensation is not reduced, the contrast effect between light and dark is not obvious, but after reduction, the contrast is strong.

Nineteen: the application of contrast between reality and reality

The contrast between reality and reality can be divided into two forms:

The first is the contrast between the subject and the background.

-The greater the depth of field, the greater the clear range of the picture, and the smaller the depth of field, the smaller the clear range of the picture.

-The focus of the phone must be on the subject you want to highlight.

-If you want a shallower depth of field and make the blur effect more obvious, you can make the lens closer to the subject and the background partner farther away from the lens.

By moving the shooting position of the mobile phone and shooting near the main body of the flower, the picture with small depth of field is obtained, and the contrast effect between reality and reality is obvious.

The second is the contrast between subject and reflection.

You need to pay attention to the choice of shooting angle. After you find the real scene and shadow, you should change the shooting angle as much as possible to get the best picture effect.

Twenty: subtraction in composition

Subtract all the redundant elements and keep the picture clean and tidy. This is the law of photographic subtraction.

-Leave blank

-Change the shooting angle to avoid clutter.

-Close to the subject, blur the background

Twenty-one: Addition in Composition

Photography is the art of subtraction, in fact, there is addition in photographic composition. Addition principle mainly emphasizes the story of the picture and the emotions and feelings that the picture wants to express.

Keep the picture simple when adding. Usually just add highlights to the picture and keep it simple.

Shooting a small boat galloping on the sea, the picture is not spatial.

After adding foreground to the picture, you can show the spatial layering of the picture.

Taking pictures of seaside scenery and adding foreground with guiding lines to the picture can increase the sense of spatial depth of the picture.

If you want to make the picture more story-telling, you can build characters on the seaside in the picture, that is, add pictures.

If you only shoot the shadow on the ground, there will be nothing attractive in the picture.

When the cyclist passes by, take a quick snapshot, so that the picture not only has the shadow of the tree, but also the shadow of the cyclist and the wheel, which makes the picture more artistic.