Craftsman's color and light. Glossary of terms.

The surface of an object absorbs light energy and converts it into heat energy, which is different from reflection.

Additive mixture

The superposition of color and light forms mixed color in human visual system, which is different from the mixing of pigments.

after image

After the shape of the object disappears, the impression of the object remains in the mind.

Is everything going well?

One-stop painting.

Alexander's Danish band

Located in a relatively dark area between the main rainbow and the neon.

Ambient light (ambient light)

After the main light source is removed, there is no light with clear lighting direction.

Similar colors

Adjacent color images are arranged at the outer edge of the color wheel.

Environmental highlights (annual highlights)

Small specular highlights around the light source or main platform.

Anti-solar point

A point in the sky or below the horizon at an angle of180 with the sun.

Artificial light (artificial light)

Light that is not emitted by natural light sources, such as electric lights.

Atmospheric perspective [atmospheric (or aerial) perspective]

When observing an object through the illuminated air layer, the appearance of the object will change with the distance.

Atmospheric triangle (atmospheric triangle)

There is no triangular color gamut of neutral gray as the color scheme.

Backlight (backlight)

Light from the back of an object can separate the object from the background.

Backlight (backlight)

Lighting in the area behind the object can improve the brightness of the background or make the background clearer.

Brightness (brightness)

Perception of the intensity of light.

Boring illumination

A portrait lighting method, in which light mainly shines on the wider side of the model's face close to the viewer. (Translator's Note: Contrary to the concept of slimming)

Broken color (broken color)

? When contrasting colors are applied to adjacent strokes, they will be mixed together in human eyes and are considered as a new color.

Projection shadow

The shadow cast from one object to another is the opposite of the shadow of the object itself.

caustics

The reflection and refraction caused by curved glass or water waves make light spots, light arcs and light bands project onto the plane.

Chroma (chroma)

The perceived intensity of surface color, which can also be said to be the difference level with neutral color, can be defined by the numerical value related to the standard color sample. For a certain level of illumination, the surface color with high chromaticity can also reflect very bright and high brightness light.

cut out

Because the photosensitive device can't respond well to the change from bright to dark, the photographic effect is distorted.

Color adaptation (chroma adaptation)

The ability of the visual system to adjust and adapt to specific lighting colors. ?

Color emphasis (color emphasis)

A small area in the work can stand out against the other large areas because they are complementary colors, or the small area is more vivid.

Colored gypsum

The dominant wavelength of the light source is measured in Kelvin. In addition, the main color will run through the whole color scheme and be located in the center of the color gamut.

Color sense consistency

Although the overall color difference has changed, the feeling of inherent color has been very stable.

Color corona

A bright colored light area around a strong light, such as a sunset or a street lamp, similar to the lens glare of a camera.

Color code (color? Note)

A specific color sample used to specify hue, brightness and saturation.

Color rendering index (CRI)

Accurately measure how the artificial light source simulates the color of sunlight.

Color scheme (color scheme)

The color chosen when drawing.

Color script (color script)

In a series of works, such as illustrations or animated films, each specific sequence contains a series of color restrictions. Planning is related to the change of the story.

Color space (color space)

Determine the three-dimensional space according to the values of hue, lightness and chroma.

Color string

? Hold up a group of pigments with different brightness.

Color temperature (color temperature)

? People's psychological feelings about color are determined by the distance between the warmest orange and the coldest blue.

Color wheel (color wheel)

? A circle obtained by arranging the tones in the spectrum in order.

Complementary color (complementary color)

? Two tones with opposite or balanced characteristics.

Cone; cone

? Retinal receptors that can distinguish colors.

Contrastive magazine

? The object looks like a backlight, which glows in front of the area.

Convenient pigment mixture

? Pigment mixture is used to fill the gap when there is no single pigment on the color wheel by mixing multiple pigments.

Cool tone (cool tone)

? The color on the color wheel that is close to blue and far away from orange.

Cyanide detector

? An instrument for measuring the blue of the sky.

Mottled lights

? A circular or oval spot projected by sunlight through a small hole in the cover.

depth of field

? The camera lens can't aim at multiple focal planes in the distance at the same time, so the objects far away from the focal planes will become blurred.

dichroism

? One who is color-blind, especially one who cannot distinguish between red and green.

diffuse reflection

Irregular reflected light reflected from an uneven surface, as opposed to specular reflection.

A downward plane.

The downward surface of an object.

Dye (dye)

Transparent colorant soluble in liquid.

(of a film) get accidentally exposed (to light)

A light that illuminates the edge of an object from behind and flips the object to the lower side.

edge

In particular, it refers to the control of the blur degree of the edge of the object, which is beneficial to the fusion of the object and the background, can create a sense of depth, and can also be used to express weak light.

drop

The farther the object is from the light source, the weaker the lighting effect.

Fill lamp (fill lamp)

Light shining on the dark part of an object will weaken the contrast.

Fluorescence (fluorescence)

Absorb light of a certain wavelength and then release light of a longer wavelength, especially convert ultraviolet light into visible light.

Form a shadow of an object

The dark part of an object, as opposed to projection.

Foveau

The small concave spot in the center of retina is the best position for vision.

Free mixing

In the process of painting, colors are randomly mixed for needs.

Front lighting

The light distribution method, which mainly illuminates the front of the object, leaves almost no dark parts.

Escaped

Fade easily, especially in the sun.

Color gamut (color gamut)

All color ranges that can be called up by using specific primary colors can be displayed on the color wheel.

Gamut mapping

Draw boundaries for color areas on the color wheel to describe, define or plan a limited color scheme.

Translucent light plate (gel)

A transparent plate placed in front of light can change the color, quantity and characteristics of light.

Glare (glare)

Strong illumination formed by polarized light around the light source.

glazing

Cover a part of a work with a transparent pigment layer to enhance, deepen or modify the color.

Golden moment (golden hall lighting)

The first and last hours of the day are combined with the effects of sunrise and dusk. Also known as the magical moment.

Gradual change (gradient)

From one color to another, hue, lightness and chroma will change, and sometimes the three indicators will change at the same time.

Pure gray (gray)

Draw or make the background in gray.

half matt gloss

The bright part near the dividing line between light and dark can highlight the texture under low side light.

Gray part (half)

Midtones produced when light darkens.

Strong light (strong light)

Emitting from a relatively small light source, it has strong focusing and directionality, resulting in too obvious dark shadows.

Harmony (harmony)

Subjective judgment on the coordination of two or more colors.

High pitch

The overall tone range is bright, and the bright and dark parts are weak.

Highlight (highlight)

Specular reflection of a light source on a wet or smooth surface.

Hue (Vietnamese city)

The attribute of color can be yellow, red, blue, green or other colors in the spectrum.

hvc

Hue, value and chroma are abbreviations that define colors.

Impressionism (impressionism)

A painting style is related to subjective cognition, general creative theme, direct drawing, lightness, color separation and color shadow.

Hot (hot)

When the temperature of an object rises to a high temperature, it can release visible light.

Induced color (induced? Color)

Stimulated by other colors (usually complementary colors), a strong perception of a certain color is generated.

Inverse square law (inverse square law).

The intensity of light emitted from the light source will decrease in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the light source.

Basic lighting

The most important light source usually shines on an object from above or in front.

? Light fastness (light fastness)

The ability of pigments or dyes not to fade even when exposed to sunlight is also called light resistance.

Light ratio (illumination ratio)

The ratio of main light to auxiliary light.

Limit the amount of pigment (limited pigment)

Strictly limit the types of pigments, you can get a limited color gamut, and then use these to paint.

local color

The original color of the surface of an object is different from the color used to represent the object in actual painting.

luminesce

The ability of an object to emit light at low temperature, as opposed to hot light.

Thick surface layer (main color)

Pigments appear on the thick coating as if they were extruded directly from the tube, rather than the thin bottom layer.

Modeling (modeling)

Use a series of brightness values from bright to dark to shape the body.

Modeling factors (modeling factors)

Use a series of orderly and predictable colors to express the surface of the body, including highlights, bright parts, gray parts, dark parts and reflected light.

Monochrome (monochrome)

It consists of different brightness or chromaticity changes of a single tone.

Motion blur

When an object moves in front of a still camera, the edges will soften.

Motivation of light

In order to achieve a certain visual effect, the light is distributed in a way that the audience can understand (usually in movies). (Translator's Note: The lights in movies are generally artificial, for example, to simulate candles. )

Nerve color

1. When two complementary colors are mixed together, a color with no color tendency can be obtained. 2.？ Zero chroma color, that is, black, white and gray.

Shade the shadow

When the distance between objects is too close, the light will not shine, resulting in a small and tight shadow.

There is oil flowing out.

Gently insert a thin layer of adhesive oil on the surface of dry pigment and recolor it. (Translator's note: oil painting terminology, not background. )

Opponent process theory

In the past, human visual theory believed that all perceptible colors were the result of the interaction of three pairs of receptors: red, green, blue, yellow and black and white. Today's ribbon theory holds that long, medium, short and long receptors are converted into red, green, blue, yellow and brightness signals.

Optical mixture

Usually a mixture of adjacent colors in the eye.

pallette

A board for placing and mixing pigments, on which artists can choose pigments.

Peak chromaticity value

Specifies the brightness value when the hue reaches the highest chroma.

Durability (permanent)

The ability of pigments to resist fading, deepening or other changes.

natural colouring

An insoluble dry powdery substance that produces color by absorbing and reflecting light of a certain wavelength.

lasting

Adjust the pigments on the palette in advance before you start painting.

Primary color (primary color)

In Newton's theory, it refers to any pure monochrome. In pigments, it refers to the smallest set of colors that can mix the largest color gamut, especially yellow, magenta and cyan, or the substitute pigments closest to them. In the field of lighting and digital photography, it refers to red, green and blue light.

Purkinje shift

When the rod cells are most sensitive to blue light waves, the effect felt in extremely dark light seems to be the most sensitive to green or blue light waves and seems to have higher brightness.

Rayleigh scattering (Rayleigh scattering)

Light interacts with air molecules. Compared with red light waves with longer wavelengths, blue light waves with shorter wavelengths are more easily refracted, so the sky turns blue.

Reflected light (reflected light)

Light reflected from an illuminated surface usually enters the shadow.

refract

When light enters another density medium from one density medium, it will turn.

Rembrandt illumination

A portrait illumination method in which the face of the model is polished on the side far away from the audience, and a bright triangular area will appear on the cheek near the audience.

Reverse atmospheric perspective

Conversion from short-distance cool tone to long-distance warm tone. (Translator's Note: The farther away you are, the warmer you are, contrary to atmospheric perspective. )

Rod (stick)

The receptors on the retina are sensitive to subtle light and shade changes, but they can't feel color.

Saturation (saturation)

Often called the purity of color surface, it is more used to define the color and purity of light.

Scott visual sense

In the case of weak light, only rod cells work.

Secondary color

A color that is a mixture of any two primary colors. If the primary colors are yellow, magenta and cyan, then the intermediate colors are red, blue and green. If it is the three primary colors of light: red, blue and green, magenta, yellow and cyan are the middle colors.

Series painting

A series of works created on the same outdoor theme under different lighting conditions, or a series of closely connected works, similar to some fragments in movies or cartoons.

Dark color (shadow)

A tone made of black or other dark colors (translator's note: it can also be called dark tone, dark color. )

Shadow beam

An atmospheric effect, a dark projection band produced by clouds, jet trajectories and branches in an illuminated area.

Short lighting

A way of distributing light. One side of the face with shortened perspective is illuminated, and the side close to the viewer is in the shadow. (Translator's Note: Contrary to broadened light, broadened light receives light on the side close to itself. )

Simultaneous comparison (simultaneous comparison)

The phenomenon that a certain color changes under the influence of adjacent colors.

Sky panel

Draw the bottom plate with the gradual effect of the sky, so as to continue painting after drying.

Tiandong

A gap or gap in the outline of the whole tree through which sunlight can shine on these floors.

subdued light

When the light source is large or diffuse lighting is used, the light intensity will decrease with the increase of distance, there is no obvious highlight, and the contrast between light and dark is not obvious.

Spectral power distribution (spectral power distribution)

A graph showing the amplitude of each visible wavelength under a specific light source.

Spectrum (spectrum)

After being refracted by prism, white is a pure tone combination arranged according to wavelength.

Specular reflection (specular reflection)

A smooth object like a mirror will reflect light according to the angle at which it exits.

Specular highlight

Also known as specular highlights. Refers to the reflection of a light source on a wet or smooth surface.

Velocity ambiguity

When the lens follows a high-speed moving object, the edge of the object will become blurred, and the direction of background blur is consistent with the direction of lens movement.

Concentrated illumination

The light is concentrated in the central focus of the scene.

Subjective primary election (subjective primary election)

Any three starting colors can be used to blend the color gamut of other colors. The primary color of the main light can be played with any hue, the chromaticity may be lower, and the subjective neutral color is in the center of the color gamut.

Subsurface scattering (subjective).

When light enters any thick translucent substance, it propagates under the surface and makes the object glow.

Subtractive mixture

The color is a mixture of pigments, dyes and color transparent filter plates. (Translator's Note: Unlike additive mixing, additive mixing can get brighter colors, while subtractive mixing refers to the mixing of pigments, and the new colors will be darker. )

Continuous comparison (continuous comparison)

The influence you have seen so far will have an afterimage in your mind.

sunlight

A beam of light visible in dust and humid air.

Sunset ribbon

At sunset, the horizontal ribbon formed in the lower part of the sky is orange as it gets closer to the ground line, and blue as it goes up.

Extra bow

Another rainbow is formed inside the main rainbow at an angle less than 42.

Light and dark terminator

The dividing line from light to dark on an object.

Four-color dye (four-color dye)

People with four kinds of visual receptors.

Three-quarters illumination

The light source illuminates the object at an angle of 45, leaving a quarter in the shadow.

Light color (hue)

A hue obtained by mixing with white. (Translator: It can also be called light tone and bright color)

Tining strength

After adding white, the pigment can keep its chromaticity level.

Grey (grey) (towel)

A hue obtained by mixing with gray. (Translator: It can also be called gray and lustrous. )

transmission light

Light propagating in a diffuse form in a thin translucent medium sometimes becomes more colorful.

Transparency (transparency)

The tendency of light to propagate in a non-scattering form, as opposed to translucency (light is scattered) and opacity.

Triple scheme

A color scheme includes three primary colors, and the color gamut is triangular.

Tricolor (tricolor)

People with three color receptors have normal vision.

Insufficient lighting (insufficient lighting)

Light that shines upward from below an object.

A faint voice.

Bo Tu method shows that the coating effect is opposite to the main color.

Upward facing surface

The upward surface of the body can also be called the top surface.

Brightness (value)

The amount of color and darkness that can be measured by gray scale. It can also be called brightness. Note: The author of this book uses value to measure the brightness level of a pigment or an object, while the brightness level of light is used to measure it.

Warning color

A color close to orange on the color wheel.

Sky # (Sky Well)

The deepest and purest part of blue in a clear sky.

Ulby color wheel

A color wheel surrounded by yellow, red, magenta, blue, cyan and green.