What are the magical natural phenomena in the world?

In the long historical process of conquering the outside world and itself and creating a civilized society, mankind has encountered various mysterious phenomena: mysterious ghost island, immortal Mawangdui female corpse, mysterious Bermuda Triangle, elusive Loch Ness monster, unidentified UFO image ... Every mysterious phenomenon that sounds almost impossible contains various opportunities for human development. And human beings are born with a strong desire to explore and conquer new and unknown things. Driven by this desire, through this, human wisdom has been improved, and human potential has been excavated and developed to the greatest extent.

The book "The Mysterious Phenomenon of Human Beings" was born to satisfy readers' thirst for knowledge and exploration. It's a popular science book that is both informative and interesting. Editors carefully selected the mysterious phenomena with the most research value, exploration significance and widespread concern in various fields, introduced them from eight aspects: nature, architecture, life, science, extraterrestrial, culture, art and religion, and interpreted the mysterious and wonderful mysteries from multiple angles and in all directions.

In order to meet readers' higher-level reading needs, the editor carefully selected nearly 500 precious color pictures, including physical pictures, natural scenery, architectural landscapes, unearthed cultural relics, photographic photos and so on. Or describe the environment, or simulate the process, or reveal the connotation, or provide evidence, so that readers can be immersive and get the most intuitive and powerful visual impact. This way of reading pictures and words complements each other.

We hope that through the organic combination of accurate and vivid words, concise style, novel layout and exquisite pictures, we can create a relaxed reading atmosphere for readers, show a broader cognitive horizon, take you into a wonderful and mysterious world and become a ladder for you to explore the unknown world.

Mysterious fountain

There is a magical geyser in Tagda, the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in China and Tibet. After a series of short stops and eruptions, accompanied by a suffocating noise, high-temperature steam suddenly rushed out of the spring and immediately expanded into a water column with a diameter of more than 2 meters and a height of about 20 meters. The steam at the top of the column continued to roll and jumped into the blue sky. Its eruption cycle is several minutes and dozens of minutes.

In addition to the geysers in China, there is also a world-famous geyser-"Gaize" near Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. This spring is a circular pool with a diameter of 20 meters. It is filled with hot water at regular intervals, and the hot water slowly flows out. Soon, the clear water in Tankou rolled violently, making a snoring sound similar to boiling, and then a water column rose into the sky and floated in the blue sky.

After investigation, scientists pointed out that suitable geological structure and sufficient underground water source are the most fundamental factors for the formation of geysers. In addition, there are some special conditions: first, the geyser must have energy, and the fiery magmatism in the active crustal movement area is the energy of the geyser, so it can only be located in the shallow surface area. Secondly, to form intermittent eruption, it must have a complex water supply system to connect a deep spring channel. At the bottom of the channel, the groundwater is heated by the fiery magma, but at the top of the channel, the spring water can't freely roll and boil under the pressure of the high-pressure water column. At the same time, due to the narrow passage, the spring water can't convection up and down at will. In this way, the water under the channel accumulates energy in the process of continuous heating. When the water pressure in the upper part of the channel is less than the steam pressure at the bottom of the water column, the water in the channel is pushed out of the surface by the underground high pressure and high temperature hot gas and hot water, resulting in a powerful eruption. After the volcano erupts, the pressure decreases and the water

Although scientists have unveiled the mystery of the geyser, people are still fascinated by its magnificent eruption landscape.

The magical Niagara Falls

Have you ever seen the acrobatic artist Brown Pavilion set up a steel rope with a length of 1 0,000 feet above the rapids of Niagara Falls, and successfully walked there empty-handed? Have you ever seen him walk through this 1000-foot-long steel cable blindfolded and covering his head? Have you ever seen the same person standing on a unicycle, walking on stilts, carrying people, sitting on a wire rope and making an omelet to eat? What makes the brave and great Brown Pavilion so powerful? That is Niagara Falls, which gives Browning great and magical power.

Niagara Falls is one of the most magical places in the world. Let's visit the legendary and mysterious Niagara Falls.

Niagara river is part of the border between Canada and the United States. It flows northward from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, Canada, with a total length of nearly 30 miles. It is located in the north, covering an area of 250,000 square miles, and has become a smooth outlet for these lakes. Its maximum current reaches 250,000 cubic feet per second, which is very awesome. This river is divided into three sections by Strawberry Island and Grand Island, and there is only one river in the first five miles. The American River in the east has 65438+. The Canadian River in the west is short, only 2-3 miles long. After the big island, the two rivers meet again and flow for 3 miles to reach the world-famous Niagara Falls.

The river can finally reach Lake Ontario, passing through 7 miles of canyons, open lake plains and 7-8 miles of land. Niagara Falls itself is divided into two parts by Gothic Island. The horseshoe waterfall is nearly 65,438+060 feet high and the top is nearly 3,300 feet wide. The waterfall, which is about 65,438+00 feet higher than the Canadian part but only 990 feet wide, is located on the American side.

Its formation lies in the unusual geological structure. In Niagara Canyon, the rock formation is almost horizontal, dropping only 19 feet to 22 feet per mile. The top layer of the rock is hard marble, and the bottom layer is soft geological layer which is easy to be eroded by water power. Rapids can go straight down from the edge of the cliff at the top of the waterfall, which is the effect of hard marble geological layer on soft stratum. During the Pleistocene, when the huge continental glaciers retreated, the marble layer was exposed and submerged by the rapids from Lake Erie, forming Niagara Falls. By calculating the speed of glacier retreat, this waterfall was formed at least 7000 years ago, and may have been formed as early as 25000 years ago.

The formidable "Hell Gate" of Kunlun Mountain

"The sky is grey, the field is vast, the wind is blowing, and the cattle and sheep are low." In the eyes of shepherds, the place full of grass is their paradise for grazing. However, shepherds living in Kunlun Mountain would rather starve their cattle and sheep to death on the Gobi Desert because there is no fat grass to eat than dare to enter the ancient and silent deep valley of Kunlun Mountain.

This valley is the Death Valley, known as the "Hell Gate" of Kunlun Mountain. The valley is full of wolf's fur, bear's bones, hunters' steel guns and barren hills and graves, which render a gloomy and horrible smell of death to the world. The following is a true story witnessed by a geological team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources:

1983, a group of horses in Alar Ranch, Qinghai, strayed into Death Valley because they were greedy for the fat grass in the valley. A shepherd ventured into the valley in search of horses. A few days later, no one appeared, but the horse appeared. Later, his body was found on a mountain. His clothes are torn, he is barefoot, his eyes are wide open, his mouth is wide open, and he is still holding a shotgun.

Shortly after this tragic accident, the geological team working nearby was also attacked by Death Valley. It was July 1983. It was extremely hot outside, and a snowstorm suddenly started near Death Valley. The sudden snowstorm was accompanied by a thunder, and the chef fainted on the spot. According to the chef's memory, when he heard thunder, he suddenly felt numb, his eyes went black, and then he lost consciousness.

The geological team quickly organized to investigate the valley. After investigation, it is found that the magnetic anomalies in this area are extremely obvious and widely distributed. The deeper the valley, the higher the magnetic anomaly value. Under the action of electromagnetism, the charge in the cloud interacts with the magnetic field in the valley, resulting in charge discharge, making this place a minefield, and lightning often aims at running animals. This guess is the best explanation for several consecutive events.

American "Yellow Avenue" with planetary orbit data

In Teotihuacan, a famous American city, there is a broad avenue running through the north and south, which is called "Yellow Avenue". In the 10 century, the Aztecs who first came here came to this ancient city along this avenue and found that there was no one in the city. They thought the buildings on both sides of the avenue were the tombs of the gods, so they gave it this strange name.

1974, a man named Hugh Hariston claimed at the International American Congress in Teotihuacan that he had found a unit of measurement suitable for all his streets and buildings. Through computer calculation, the length of the unit is 1.059 m. For example, the heights of Quetzalcan Temple, Moon Pyramid and pyramid of the sun in Teotihuacan are 2 1 respectively.

When Harless surveyed the ruins of temples and pyramids on both sides of the Yellow Avenue, he found a surprising situation: the distance between those ruins on the Yellow Avenue just represents the orbital data of planets of the solar system. Among the temple ruins around the "castle", the distance between the earth and the sun is 96 units, Venus is 72, Mercury is 36, and Mars is 144. "It is 288 units away from the central axis of the Castle, which is exactly the distance between Jupiter and Mars. 520 units away from the central axis is the ruins of an unknown temple, which is equivalent to the distance from Jupiter to the sun. After 945 "units", there is another temple site, which is the distance from the sun to Saturn. Go 1845 "This is only the orbital data of Uranus. If we extend the straight line of "Yellow Avenue", we will reach two locations on the Cerro Gordo Mountain. The distances are 2880 and 3780 "units" respectively, which are just the orbital distances of Pluto and Neptune.

The "Yellow Avenue" is obviously based on the model of the solar system. The designer of Teotihuacan must know the movement of the planet in the whole solar system and the orbital data between the sun and the planet. However, humans discovered Uranus at 178 1, Neptune at 1845 and Pluto at 1930.

Australian rocks that tell the time

Can the stone tell the time? It sounds almost impossible, but in the vast desert southwest of Alice in central Australia, there is indeed a strange stone that can "tell the time". This strange stone standing in the desert is 348 meters high and about 8000 meters in circumference, and its exposed part alone may weigh hundreds of millions of tons.

This strange stone tells people the passage of time by changing its color regularly every day: in the morning, when the sun rises and the sun shines, it is brown; At noon, the hot sun is blue-gray; In the evening, when the sun goes down, it is red. It is the "standard clock" of local residents, who arrange their farming and daily life according to its color change three times a day.

The strange stone will not only change color with the intensity of sunlight, but also change its image with the change of the angle of sunlight: sometimes it looks like the dorsal fin of a huge shark roaming leisurely in the sea; Sometimes it is like a black submarine floating on the sea; Sometimes like a giant in Tsing Yi, he lies on a soft white bed. ...

Why does the strange stone have the function of "seeing time"?

In order to explain the "collision" phenomenon of strange rocks, many archaeologists and geologists have made a detailed investigation on the climatic conditions and geographical environment in which strange rocks are located, and made a deep study on the structural components of strange rocks. Some scientists try to explain the "strange phenomenon" of strange rocks in this way: the reason why strange rocks change color is that they are in a flat desert, and the sky in Wan Li is cloudless all day, the air is thin and the surface of strange rocks is smooth.

The image of grotesque rocks changes because of the number and angle of reflection and refraction caused by the sun's activities in different climatic conditions, and this change is reflected to the human eye, that is, grotesque rocks.

Scientists' explanation of the strange stone "telling the time" can't fully explain the cause of the strange stone phenomenon, but it also solves a little mystery for the world.

Mysterious Shennongjia in China

Shennongjia, located at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River in China, is known as the "Roof of Central China", with an area of 3,250 square kilometers and forest land accounting for more than 85%. The average altitude is1.700m, and the highest point is 31.05m, with various climate types.

When it comes to Shennongjia, people can't help thinking of "savage". From ancient times to the present, a large number of records and legends about savages make it difficult to distinguish between true and false. 1980, the relevant departments organized two large-scale field tests and collected a lot of evidence about the existence of savage, such as his hair, footprints, feces and so on. Found the bamboo nest where the savage lived. The results of the survey seem to be.

In fact, Shennongjia is not only a savage, but also more mysterious phenomena.

In a place called Yuyin River, there are a lot of white animals. There is little sunlight transmission throughout the year, which is suitable for animals such as white golden monkey, white bear, white muntjac and white snake to inhabit. In addition, there are white crows, white owls, white turtles and so on. It is said that the white snake there is white and flawless, like a jade carving when entrenched, like a silver stick when upright, and it walks very fast on the ground.

1986, local farmers found three giant water monsters in a deep pool. They are gray, their heads are similar to a big toad, their round eyes are bigger than rice bowls, their mouths are more than 1 meter long when they are open, and their forelimbs have five toes. When they surfaced, the water column ejected from their mouths was as high as tens of feet.

What's more, there are rumors of coffin beasts, unicorns and donkey-headed wolves that echo the rumors of water monsters. It is said that the coffin beast was first discovered on the southeast slope of Shennongjia. It is a rectangular monster with a big head and a short neck, and its whole body is covered with hemp gray hair. The inertia of running will break branches. A unicorn is like a big Sumen antelope, with a slightly longer hind leg, a horse's head and a horn in the middle of its forehead.

Besides strange animals, Shennongjia has many geological wonders, which are even more spectacular. There is a tidal river in Honghua Township. It is puzzling that this river rises once every morning, noon and night. What's even more amazing is that the color of the tide changes with the seasons. The water color is clear in rainy season and turbid in dry season.

There is an ice cave in Luosong Township. The temperature in the cave is quite different from the climate outside. When the natural temperature outside the cave is higher than 28℃, the cave begins to freeze, and the water in the mountain cracks seeps along the cave wall, forming an ice curtain more than ten meters long, which is crystal clear and beautiful. The water dripping at the bottom of the cave forms an icicle with a mushroom-shaped top and is hollow. When the weather outside the cave gets cold, the ice inside the cave begins to melt.

Corresponding to the ice cave in Luo Song, it is the cold and hot cave in Muyu Town, where the cold wind blows gently and the heat waves roll. There is no most reasonable explanation for this phenomenon at present. There is also a fish cave in Guanfeng Township, and the water color changes with the spring thunder. After the spring thunder, the water color changed from clear to turbid. After the water was completely turbid, groups of fish swam around in the cave. These fish are as long as chopsticks and have no scales.

Shennongjia, a magical place, is attracting more and more curious people. I wonder who will unveil her mystery.

China geothermal anomaly zone with "cold and hot inversion"

Whenever the summer heat comes in September and winter, people who love fantasy always long for a place that is warm in winter and cool in summer. Although the transformation of spring, summer, autumn and winter is regular, the world is big and wonders. On this earth, some lucky people live in "places" where winter is warm and summer is cool. This is what people call the "geothermal anomaly zone" in Huanren County, the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province. One end of this "geothermal anomaly zone" starts from Chuanyinggou at the south 1.5km of Manchu government residence on the left bank of Hunjiang River, and the other end ends at the foot of Niuti Mountain in Kuandian County on the right bank of Hunjiang River. The whole "geothermal anomaly zone" is about 15km long and covers an area of 15km.

In summer, the underground temperature in the "geothermal anomaly zone" began to drop gradually. In the midsummer when the temperature is as high as 30℃, the temperature of one meter underground is-12℃, reaching the level of dripping into ice.

After autumn, the temperature here began to rise gradually. Winter is coming, the north wind is cold, and the "geothermal anomaly zone" is steaming. People can see from the mountain behind Renjiashan that although the land has been frozen, the cantaloupe planted here is still Ye Zhuang fertilizer, and the surrounding grass is still green. Ren Jia leveled a piece of land in this place and built a plastic shed with green onions and garlic. The green onions have turned green. The temperature in the shed can be kept at 65438 07℃ and the ground temperature can be kept at 65438 05℃. There is no snow on this mountain all winter and spring.

In the middle part of Taihang Mountain in the northwest of Shibanyan Township, Linxian County, Henan Province, there is also a place with this feature at an altitude of 1500 meters, which is called "Ice Back". Here, it began to freeze in March and the ice age lasted for five months. In the cold winter, the heat wave is rolling, and the spring water overflowing from the rocks is warm and pleasant. On both sides of the stream are strange flowers and plants, bright and green.

As we all know, the temperature change in nature depends on the light and heat of the sun. With the revolution of the earth, when its distance from the sun is shortened, the heat energy radiated by the sun to the earth will increase, making the earth warm. On the other hand, the earth will become cool and cold. Thus, spring, summer, autumn and winter were formed. However, these strange lands broke this natural law and appeared magical phenomena, which attracted the attention of many researchers. Some of them think that there are two gas storage zones underground, cold and hot, which release airflow at the same time. Hot air will be released when it is cold, and cold air will be released when it is hot. They also believe that there may be a huge underground gas storage structure and special insulation layer in this abnormal cold and hot zone, and the atmospheric convection generated in this special geological structure leads to this strange phenomenon. Some people think that this huge underground gas storage belt is equipped with special valves, which automatically open and close in winter and spring, which leads to this phenomenon. However, what is the difference in geological structure here? Scientists need further research.

Mysterious ghost island

Westerners love sailing, but there are many strange things in the history of sailing. On the horizon north of the Spitzer Bacon Islands, British captain Julius discovered land in 1707, but this land was never accessible. But what is worthy of recognition is that this land is not an optical illusion, so he marked "land" on the chart. 200 years later, Admiral makarov and his expedition, who took the icebreaker Ermak to the North Pole, once again found a piece of land that Julius had seen. Navigator wolseley also found the outline of the island when he passed through the area in 1925. However, when scientists went to investigate in 1928, they did not find any islands in this area.