Lu Xun's hometown

[1] Lu Xun (188 1- 1936) was born in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, on the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu. Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, the word Yucai was later renamed Zhou Shuren. At the age of 38, he began to use "Lu Xun" as his pen name. Shaoxing, Zhejiang (Zhengyang County, Henan Province), a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun's spirit is called the soul of the Chinese nation, and together with his mother Lu Rui and his father Zhou Boyi, he is one of the founders of modern literature in China. I have written novels, essays and essays in my life, including more than 700 essays. Lu Xun was born in a declining scholar-bureaucrat family. 1898 went to Nanjing to study. He entered Jiangnan Naval Academy first, and was admitted to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi College the following year. During this period, I came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the western bourgeoisie. 1902 went to Japan to study and entered Hongwen College in Tokyo. 1904 went to Sendai medical college to study medicine. Two things that happened there later had a great influence on him, namely, Mr. Fujino's "movie-watching incident" and so on. It all happened in Sendai. After that, I gave up practicing medicine.

Lu Xun's foundation of western learning sprouted in Jiangnan Naval Academy. He said in "Notes on Morning Flowers" that since he entered this school: "... reading new books has become popular, and I also know that there is a book called Evolution in China. I went to the south of the city on Sunday and bought a thick white paper and lithograph at a price of 500. " Xu Shoushang's Chronicle of Mr. Lu Xun also said that Lu Xun was "nineteen years old in the first thirteen years (25 years, 1899)". In the first month, I switched to the Road Mining School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School. I didn't review my lessons, but I was among the best in every exam. After school, I need to read newly translated books, especially good novels, and sometimes I go horseback riding. ..... I was twenty-two years old ten years ago (28 years, 1902). In February, Jiangnan DuDu Department sent him to study in Japan and entered Tokyo Hong Wen College. I like reading books on philosophy and literature after school, paying special attention to human nature and national character. "

When he arrived in Japan, Lu Xun began to concentrate on studying medicine, because his father had "died of a long illness", which made his family get into trouble from a well-off society. During this period, he suffered a lot of white eyes and mental trauma, which left an indelible shadow in Lu Xun's heart. Lu Xun said in the preface of "Scream": "Has anyone fallen from a well-off family to a poor situation? I thought that on this road, I could probably see the true face of the world. " After entering Jiangnan Naval Academy, Lu Xun saw some books about western medicine. "He gradually realized that Chinese medicine is just a deliberate or unintentional liar, and at the same time feels sympathy for the deceived patients and their families; Moreover, from the history of translation, we know that most of the reforms in Japan originated from Western medicine. " Therefore, Lu Xun's initial intention after studying in Japan was to be a doctor: "Because of these childish knowledge, my student status was later listed in a rural medical school in Japan. My dream is very happy. I am going to graduate and come back to treat the pain of patients who have been misdiagnosed like my father. I will become a military doctor during the war and promote the reform belief of the people of China. "

From this example, we can see that ideal intellectuals all want to be doctors at first, which is a very noble cause. Seeing the disadvantages of traditional Chinese medicine and feeling the science of western medicine, Lu Xun's initial idea when he came to Japan was to study medicine, the medicine of western system. However, after/kloc-0 entered Sendai Medical College in 1904, he was greatly stimulated in reading and watching movies, and his ideal of studying medicine was shaken. /kloc-stopped studying medicine in 0/906 and returned to Tokyo to prepare for the literary movement. In these things described by Lu Xun himself, there is a profound understanding and understanding of people. What Lu Xun can't stand is the distortion and distortion of human nature by traditional feudal culture. In his article, he recalled that he was very disgusted with this when he was a teenager: "The two things that puzzled me the most, even disgusting, were' Lao Lai entertaining relatives' and' Guo Ju burying children'." Lu Xun discovered that a healthy person includes both physical and mental aspects. He thought that the primary problem at that time was mental problem. This later became his main motivation for writing.

Writing background

Lu Xun 19 19 went back to his hometown in Shaoxing to pick up his mother for Beijing in February. He felt very sad and resentful when he witnessed the destruction of the countryside and the tragic experience of farmers. 192 1 year, he wrote this novel based on his experience in returning home.

Novel works

The author's affection for "hometown" is not only a general feeling between people, but also a special feeling with personal color. Before there is any rational thinking about "hometown", a person has already had a spiritual connection with it, that is, "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic." The spiritual connection established between childhood, adolescence and "hometown" is impossible for a person to completely get rid of in his life. Later impressions, however strong, only happened on this basis, and it is impossible to completely get rid of the vines that open this feeling. As far as the novel "Hometown" is concerned, all my feelings about the reality of "Hometown" are based on the emotional relationship that has already occurred in my youth. "I" can't forget the lovely image of my youth, and it is impossible to completely forget the memory of that beautiful hometown formed when I was a teenager. After that, the feelings and impressions are superimposed and stuck together with this impression formed as a teenager. This forms the confluence, mixing and combination of various emotions. Such feelings are not simple, but complex; Not bright colors, but turbid. Such feelings are feelings that can't be cried or laughed, and can't be clearly expressed through lyrical language. You have to take it out of your heart a little bit. You can't panic or rush. It takes time and length, and readers need to chew, feel and experience slowly. This complex emotion without bright colors is melancholy in our feelings. Melancholy is an ambiguous mood and emotion, a long and long mood and emotional state, which is not strong and easy to get rid of. Hometown presents a melancholy beauty. Melancholy is long, and so is this beauty.

First, the overall grasp

1. Theme

My childhood "hometown" gave me many happy and sweet memories, and even represented an "ideal". The real "hometown" is unrecognizable, silent and lifeless. The former characters have lost their innocence and warmth and become indifferent, numb, bourgeois and obscene. Make "I" disillusioned with "hope" and feel extremely sad inside. In fact, there is no difference between the former "hometown" and the real "hometown", but at that time "I" looked at the world from the perspective of a pure teenager, so the world seemed so simple, beautiful and even a little magical. When we read this novel, we should explore the theme of the novel from the change of the author's feelings about "hometown".

There are different opinions about the theme of this novel, mainly including the following viewpoints:

(1) "Hometown" is a reflection of China people's spirit. From the innocence and vitality of children to the numbness and dullness of adults, it shows how the life and vitality of ordinary people in China are stifled. Take leap soil as an example:

Juvenile leap soil:

Appearance: eleven or twelve years old, with a purple round face, wearing a small felt hat, a silver collar around his neck and red and round hands.

Action: lively and vigorous, crisp and neat, blurted out, simple and vivid; Wisdom, courage, enthusiasm and innocence.

Attitude towards "me": "just not afraid of me", sending "me" shells and feathers and telling "me" many strange things. Friendly and enthusiastic about "I" and established a pure friendship with "I".

Life attitude: naive and lively, carefree.

Middle-aged leap soil:

Appearance: I have doubled my figure, my face is grayish yellow, my wrinkles are deep, my eyes are red and swollen, I am wearing a worn felt hat and only a thin cotton-padded coat. I carry a paper bag and a long pipe, and my hands are thick, stupid and cracked, like pine bark.

Action: speak hesitatingly, intermittently, humbly, vaguely, and appear dull and numb.

Attitude towards "I": address "I" as the main person, and there is a sad and thick barrier between me and me.

Attitude towards life: sadness, pain, life makes him breathless. He pinned his hopes for happiness on the gods.

By understanding such a theme, we can deeply explore the reasons for evolution: past and present (inferring the reasons for change).

2) It shows the cycle of ignorance, backwardness and poverty in China society. From the leap soil father and son and sister-in-law Yang Er, we can see the shadow of this reincarnation:

Runtu: Young Hero → Middle-aged Puppet

Aquatic: Teenagers "were the leap soil 20 years ago"-→ the leap soil of middle age now.

Sister-in-law Yang Er: Tofu heart is beautiful-→ Middle-aged compass.

Perhaps their descendants will follow in their footsteps and struggle in such a cycle. Because of the long feudal era in China, the broad masses of people came from generation to generation, as if there was no end in sight in the dark tunnel (countless peasant uprisings overthrew the feudal dynasty, and then a new feudal dynasty was established, and then peasant uprisings broke out, and then ... history went on and on, and so did the people's suffering).

(3) the relationship between people who long for innocence. Back home, "I" and Runtu, sister-in-law Yang Er and others have had a deep spiritual barrier. Runtu is called "I" and "Master", while Mrs. Yang Er thinks "I" and "Let go of the platform". The sincere and friendly relationship as a child has completely disappeared. I am eager to break the pecking order in feudal society and establish a new interpersonal relationship that transcends vulgar material relations.

2. People

This novel successfully portrays typical characters.

Runoff soil:

Teenagers "have endless strange things" when they watch melons and thorns on a moonlit night and pretend to catch birds. They are the heroes I admired and yearned for when I was a child. Thirty years later, the hard life made him dull and numb. His "purple round face has turned gray and yellow" and his "red and round hands" have become "thick, stupid and cracked like pine bark". What is even more frightening is the change in his heart. He met a long-lost "I" and called it "the master". Facing the reality of suffering, I only hope to pray to God and worship Buddha. He is the representative of the working people in China who are struggling under the heavy pressure of life.

Sister-in-law Yang Er:

Thirty years ago, Yang Er, the eldest sister-in-law, was young and beautiful, so her tofu shop sold well and was called "tofu beauty". Thirty years later, she became a "thin-footed compass" with prominent cheekbones and thin lips. She became selfish, sharp, greedy, snobbish, gossiping and trying to get something from my actions. Sister-in-law Yang Er is a typical vulgar ordinary citizen.

"I":

The "I" in the novel has the shadow of the author, but it can never be equated with the author. "I" have been wandering in a foreign land and have always had good memories of my hometown. When I saw the decline and indifferent reality of my hometown, I was deeply sad and disappointed, but deep down, I still had a vision for the bright future of my hometown. "I" have deep feelings for the leap soil, show sympathy and love for the working people, and deny the concept of hierarchy. "I" is an image of an intellectual who pursues a new life and is full of hope.

Second, the problem research

1. used to be such a vibrant soil, but people lived so numb and miserable in middle age. What is the reason?

The article also mentioned the reasons for this change: many children, famine, exorbitant taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and gentry all made him look like a puppet. This is the superficial reason, and its deep reason requires us to think deeply about why China society was in such a miserable situation at that time. From this discussion, we can also understand the theme of the novel.

2. What is the significance of the image of "I"?

The novel takes "I" as the narrator, and the narrative contains strong emotional color. What are my thoughts and feelings, how do I view the leap soil, how do I see the sad changes in my hometown, how do I deal with such changes, and so on. Through the study of the word "I", we can get a glimpse of a spiritual corner of the progressive intellectuals who demanded change in old China.

3. The author finally said: "I think: Hope is nothing, nothing. It's like a road on the ground. In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. " How to understand this passage?

The author compares hope to the road on the ground, which means that if there is hope without struggle and pursuit, hope will be "indifferent"; With hope, unremitting struggle and practice, hope is nothing. People struggle with hope and they will usher in a new life.

The old life was so depressing and heavy. What kind of new life does the author expect? Is it planned in his mind, or is he at a loss, or is it just a vague hope? Can Runtu, Shuishui, Sister-in-law Yang Er or their descendants be freed from the historical tradition? What strength can we rely on to get rid of it (material and spiritual)?

It can inspire students to think about these questions without consistent answers.

Practice note

1. Who are the stories written in this article?

This article mainly wrote the stories of "Me", "Moistening the Earth" and "Sister Yang Er".

Second, why did Lu Xun write the stories of these people in Hometown? Can't he choose the most wonderful story to write?

In the novel, eldest sister-in-law Yang Er appears as a foil figure, and eldest sister-in-law Yang Er's meanness and selfishness set off the simplicity and simplicity of moistening the soil. Yang Er's sister-in-law has also undergone such great changes because of the ruin of small rural towns and poverty in life, which shows from another side that the coverage of rural economic bankruptcy is wide and the citizens of Liancheng Town are increasingly poor, reflecting the universality and seriousness of rural economic recession at that time.

Third, this novel is about hometown, mainly about the changes of hometown people. Who does the author mainly write about? How have they changed? What kind of emotional attitude does the author express from it?

This question is intended to guide students to analyze the characters and then understand the theme.

This paper mainly focuses on the changes of Runtu and Yang Er's sister-in-law.

Jump over the soil: See "Text Description".

Sister-in-law Yang Er: Twenty years ago, she was called "Tofu Beauty". Because of Iraq, the business of this tofu shop is very good. Twenty years later, she became aggressive and presumptuous. In order to get something from "my" family, sometimes it is hypocritical flattery, sometimes it is sharp ridicule, sometimes it is slanderous soil and stealing vegetables.

There are many understandings about the author's emotional attitude: he is sad because the vitality of China farmers was strangled by feudal society; It has nothing to do with the suffering cycle of farmers in China feudal society; Suffering from the distortion of innocent human nature; Desire for ideal interpersonal relationships, and so on.

Fourth, a pair of small partners who used to be so close have now become such a "diaphragm". "I" feel that "there is a thick diaphragm of sadness between us." What do you think this "pathetic thick barrier" is? What caused it?

The purpose of this topic is to guide students to deeply understand the characters and explore the deep-seated reasons for their development and changes.

"Sad and thick barrier" is a mental barrier caused by differences in people's concepts, status and living environment. "Sadly" is that such "barriers" exist almost "reasonably" in life and are hard to break spiritually and ethically.

The reason of "thick barriers" is the long-term coercive pressure of feudal order concept. This kind of pressure forced people to yield mentally and physically, to seek and finally settle down in the established position in the feudal order, and to become numb and mechanical submissives. "Thick base" is the need and necessity of feudal order.

I don't want Honger and Shui Sheng to "live as hard as I do" or "live as hard as others", but I want them to have a "new" life. Expand your imagination and talk about the lives of "me" and "moistening the soil" and what kind of life is "new".

This question aims to let students explore the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author. The first question is to grasp the topic, reasonably imagine and supplement the summary of the lives of these three types of people; The second question can reflect on the real life of leap soil and build a "new" life.

The answer is short.

6. The author said: "In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. " Talk about the meaning of this sentence with the text. Combined with society and life, write a fragment composition with this sentence as the topic.

The purpose of this question is to let students know the profound ideological connotation expressed by the author and guide them to think about society and life.

The author compares hope to a road on the ground. People struggle with hope and will usher in a new life.

Teaching suggestion

First, the understanding of literary works varies from person to person. We should advocate the diversity of understanding, give full play to students' enthusiasm for autonomous learning, and cultivate students' personality. To understand the theme of the text, students should be encouraged to explore deeply and get their own opinions.

Secondly, this novel profoundly reflects the social life in China at that time. When we analyze it, we might as well give some explanations and guidance from the aspects of history and social evolution.

Thirdly, when analyzing characters, we should focus on the word "change" and investigate the external and internal reasons for the development of characters' personality, so as to deepen our understanding of the theme.

Fourth, it can enrich the learning content, let students expand their horizons to their hometown, and analyze the development of their hometown through the changes of people and things in their hometown.