Do a comparative survey of urban changes, and introduce in detail what satellite remote sensing maps are in the 1960s and 1990s.

Archive date: 1920 till now.

Shanghai 194465438+February19

Decrypted aerial images are obtained from 1920, which are composed of archives from different sources and groups. For example: NASA, US Air Force, Army Map Service, US Navy, AHAP, etc.

Aerial images covering the whole world can intuitively understand the natural conditions and development in different periods. The shooting area covers key cities in almost all countries. There are two kinds of aerial image effects: one is to make topographic maps or image maps, all of which are shot from high altitude by orthographic projection, with large scale, mostly for towns; The other is based on military requirements, that is, it is used for military operations, with a small scale and mostly natural landforms.

The scale of aerial images is between 1:5000 and 1: 100000. Most of the images are well-defined and clear. The images of some famous cities, whose landmark buildings are easy to identify, and the details of houses, streets and so on are almost the same as today's shooting effect.

Keyhole series

Archive period: 1960 to 1980.

Beijing Tiananmen Square1966 September 2 1

KeyHole series can provide KH- 1-4 (corona), KH-5 (argon), KH-6 (lanyard), KH-7 (gambit) and KH-9 between 1960 and 1980. The parameters of keyhole series satellite images are shown in the following table.

Satellite system

KH- 1 - 4

KH-4A

KH-4B

KH-5

KH-6

KH-7

KH-9

Archive time

1959'- 1963'

1963'- 1969'

1967'- 1972'

196 1'- 1964

1963'

1963'- 1967'

197 1'- 1984'

Image type

full colour

full colour

full colour

full colour

full colour

full colour

full colour

Satellite height (square kilometers)

166-463

185

150

322

172

Change tracks

Change tracks

Resolution (m)

7.5

2.7

1.8

138

1.8

0.6

six

Single view area

15*209-4 1*579

17*23 1

13.8* 188

482*482

12*64

20*38

160*270

Film width

70 mm

70 mm

70 mm

5 inches

5 inches

18 inch

18 inch

Amplification ability

16

16

eight

16

10

2 1

18

Film resolution

50- 100

120

160

30

160

200

120

Focal length (cm)

6 1

6 1

6 1

eight

168

152

150

Most of the archive images of KH-4A and KH-4B are concentrated in the period of 1966- 1972. At present, CORONA series satellites have been launched 32 times. After long-term debugging, the satellite orbit has been reduced to the level of 166 km, the resolution has reached 1.8 m, and the return visit period is 1 day, which can provide stereoscopic relativity.

The archive images of KH-7 are concentrated in July 1963 to June 1967. At first, the resolution was 1.2m, and 1966 was raised to 0.6m. Shooting targets mainly focus on strategic targets, nuclear targets, missile defense and ballistic missile systems. Except for nearly 100 Israeli pictures, all 19000 pictures taken by KH-7 have been decrypted.

KH-9 archive image can be regarded as an important supplement and a substitute for KH- 1-4 archive image. KH-9 has photographed a large area of the world with a resolution of 6 meters, and has decrypted 29,000 images except Israeli territory.

Resurs series

Archive time: 1974 to 2005

KFA- 1000 sample data

KeyHole series plays an important role in the resource integration of historical remote sensing images, and has excellent performance in spatial resolution, temporal resolution and mapping accuracy, even though it is still restricted by phase and band. The emergence of "Resurs-F" series fills this gap. The project began in the 1970s. The decrypted satellite images of resource series include: resource -F 1, resource -F2 and resource -F3, which have been commercialized in China since 2008. Resurs-f series satellite image parameters are shown in the following table.

Image name

KFA- 1000

Kate -200

MK-4

KFA-3000

KVR- 1000

TK-350

Satellite system

Resume -F 1

Resume -F 1

Resources -F2

Resources -F3

Cometta

Cometta

Archive time

1974'- 1999'

1974'- 1999'

1987'- 1995'

1993'-2000'

198 1'-2005'

198 1'-2005'

Image type

Panchromatic+multispectral

Panchromatic+multispectral

Panchromatic+multispectral

Panchromatic+multispectral

full colour

full colour

Satellite height (km)

240-355

240-355

188-355

275 - 420

1220

1220

Resolution (m)

three

15

four

2

2

10

Width (km)

144–204

144–204

100–200

55–84

160

200

Band range (nm)

570–8 10

5 10–840

5 10–840

5 10–840

570–720

570–720

Overlap (%)

60

60

60

60

60

60

It is obvious from the above parameters that the differences between Resurs-f and KeyHole are still great. In addition to having more bands and wider widths, it is also surprisingly tacit with KeyHole series in terms of phase and resolution. These subtle matches inevitably mean that it has more extensive applications and deeper spatial domain analysis than KeyHole series.

In addition, Resurs-f series has multi-spectral bands, which is incomparable to panchromatic images. It can replace the simple manual recognition of ground objects and get faster and more accurate image information extraction. It has become an important source of scientific research topics such as planning, ocean, environment and ecology.

Like keyhole series, the Soviet Union also has its own surveying and mapping satellite Kometa, but the resolution is slightly lower than KH-7. Kometa is equipped with two stereo imaging cameras: KVR- 1000 and TK-350 to help collect stereo images. Spaceborne mapping imaging system is used for spatial information collection and mapping. Panchromatic images can produce 1:50000 topographic maps and stereoscopic images. At the same time, the satellite is equipped with an image acquisition and control system, which is used for professional surveying and mapping and provides the basis for digital orthographic model.

Historical remote sensing images have the characteristics of long time span and high resolution, and can be well applied to dynamic monitoring. KeyHole, Kometa and RESERS-F series satellite images cover all regions of China, with a time span from the 1960s to the present, and are widely used in the study of dynamic monitoring of geographical conditions, land, ocean, planning, archaeology, water conservancy, environment and scientific research. To provide technical support for rapid decision-making.