Common sense of cave photography

1. What are the basic knowledge of cave exploration in tourism knowledge?

The basic knowledge of cave exploration is as follows: First of all, when preparing for cave exploration, you must make clear the basic equipment needed for cave exploration, which should include: lighting appliances, food, drinking water, ropes and protective equipment.

Because many places in the cave are very narrow and often have to crawl through, it is best to bring knee pads, elbow pads, gloves and safety helmet. The safety helmet can not only prevent meeting when drilling, but also prevent being injured by accidentally falling gravel.

In addition, the flashlight should bring enough spare batteries and spare bulbs. The rope should be strong.

You can also bring a few whistles to contact. It is best to light the hole with calcium carbide lamp, because when there is no oxygen in the hole, the flame color of the calcium carbide lamp will change obviously, which can remind the hole seeker to quit in time.

It is worth noting that when the calcium carbide is burned to remove the residue, there will be residual calcium carbide gas escaping, so it is necessary to prevent others' calcium carbide lamp flame from igniting the escaping gas. Therefore, when one person replaces a new calcium carbide, others have to withdraw from a certain distance (more than 5 meters), and when using the calcium carbide lamp, they still need to bring a flashlight for standby.

The biggest danger of digging a hole is getting lost. In order to prevent getting lost, the general method is to set up road signs. It is best to prepare some reflective road signs with different colors (such as the reflective plate on the fender at the rear of the bicycle) and number them, and put them in order of number. Put road signs of different colors on different branches (don't be afraid of trouble).

The advantage of reflector is that it is easy to be found and can be recycled. Some people like to draw arrows on the cave walls with chalk. According to our experience, such road signs are not easy to find, and they are easy to be mixed with arrows drawn by other cave explorers, which will pollute the cave walls.

Caves generally consist of narrow passages and spacious "halls". The hall is often a place where several passages meet, and it is covered with rocks.

It's easy to enter the hall from the passage, but it's difficult to find the entrance from the hall. So when you enter the spacious hall from the narrow passage, you must make a reflective road sign at the entrance.

If you have lost your way, the first thing to do is to stop immediately, don't panic and stabilize your mood. You'd better sit down and rest 10 minutes, and then find a way out.

In the case of getting lost, people's feelings are often unreliable At this time, you should put aside all feelings and solve them in concrete ways. Start making road signs where you find yourself lost, and then try one direction at a time.

Be patient and grope slowly. It should be reminded that caves are all eroded by groundwater.

When the river washes away the cave wall, it will leave traces, from which the flow direction of the river can be judged. At this time, no matter which "tributary" you are in, you can go downstream.

In fact, any professional digger doesn't make road signs. They will easily walk out of the complicated underground river according to the traces of water scouring. It is worth noting that it is not suitable to enter the cave after several days of heavy rain and after the earthquake, because the situation in the cave is unstable and prone to landslides.

2. How did the cave form?

Guilin Xinxing Rock and reed flute cave are famous at home and abroad. Yaolin Wonderland, a new scenic spot in Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, has its own characteristics in caves.

These places are rich in stone resources and colorful, just like a fairy tale world. These colorful wonders are masterpieces of chemical changes in nature, but how did they form? Groundwater mostly contains carbon dioxide. When they pass through the stratum, they will slowly dissolve limestone and form ammonia carbonate hooks. With the continuous loss of groundwater, a large karst cave will eventually form.

At the same time, this water, like a sculptor, dissolves caves into strange peaks and rocks everywhere. In addition, when water drops containing ammonium carbonate drop from the cave, they will become water-insoluble carbonic acid and hang on the cave at a proper temperature to form stalactites. Fall under the cave and grow up to form stone resources.

When stalactites and stones are integrated, they will form "stone pillars".