Why are there underground reservoirs in the arid Tarim Basin?

Drought and water shortage in a region are often caused by less precipitation, so there are probably two main reasons for less precipitation in a region. One is that it is controlled by high pressure all the year round, and downward flow prevails, and precipitation is scarce. For example, North Africa is controlled by subtropical high all the year round, forming a desert. Second, because living inland and far from the sea, water vapor is difficult to reach and precipitation is scarce. For example, in the northwest of China, it goes deep into Eurasia.

Tarim Basin

Tarim Basin, located in the northwest of China, is one of the four great basin in China. On the one hand, it is inland, away from the sea; On the other hand, due to the topography of the basin, it is surrounded by mountains such as Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, which makes it more difficult for water vapor to enter, thus forming the most arid Taklimakan Desert in China. Tarim basin is actually a cornucopia, rich in oil and natural gas resources, with sufficient climate and light, and large temperature difference between day and night, which is suitable for planting melons and fruits. However, due to drought and water shortage, the population capacity and regional development in this area are seriously limited.

Tarim Basin

To this end, many experts have put forward some ideas to solve the water shortage in Tarim Basin, which one do you think is reliable?

Scheme 1: Bomb the Himalayas and introduce the southwest monsoon into Tarim Basin. The idea of this plan is that India, south of the Himalayas in China, has a tropical monsoon climate, and the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean will bring a lot of precipitation to the area every summer. However, due to the blocking of the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is difficult for water vapor to enter, let alone enter the Tarim Basin. Therefore, this plan envisages blasting a hole in the Himalayas and then introducing the southwest warm and humid airflow into the Tarim Basin.

Schematic diagram of scheme I

Scheme 2: South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which introduces water from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the Tarim Basin. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of many rivers in China, including the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River. There are a large number of glaciers on the plateau, and water resources are relatively abundant. We can take advantage of the higher terrain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau than the Tarim Basin to introduce water into the Tarim Basin to solve the water shortage problem.

Schematic diagram of scheme 2

Scheme 3: Introduce seawater from Yellow Sea or Bohai Sea into Tarim Basin. At present, seawater utilization is the development direction of many arid areas, and many arid and water-deficient countries in the Middle East adopt seawater desalination to solve the water shortage problem. Imagine taking water from the Yellow Sea or Bohai Sea in China, transporting it to the Tarim Basin through pipelines, injecting it into the dry salt lakes, and changing the local climate through the evaporation of water vapor, thus increasing precipitation and solving the water shortage problem.

Schematic diagram of scheme 3

Of course, there are many schemes to solve the water shortage in Tarim Basin. Which of the above three schemes do you prefer?