Key points of photography

(1) Scenery method: Introduction: The change of shooting distance will cause the change of scenery, and the same focal length and different distances will produce different scenery; When the distance is constant and the focal length is different, different scenes will be produced. Scenery (from large to small) can be generally divided into: panorama (distant view), panorama, panorama of people, middle view, close view, close view and special; Shooting essentials: 1. The scene should be determined according to the needs of shooting content, plot development and theme. 2. Different landscapes have different performance functions: panorama-showing an open scene; Panorama-smaller than panorama, showing a certain range of environment; Panorama of people-can fully show people's whole body and limb movements; Mid shot-the movements and general expressions above the knee; Close-up-the head is above the chest, and you can clearly see the change of expression; Close-up-Pay attention to the details of the characters, such as eye features. 3. The scenery layout should highlight the main body and should not be reversed. There is no absolute boundary in the division of scenery, so it should be used flexibly. Note: 1. Scene division, joint avoidance. 2. Keep your shoulders in close-up to avoid the feeling of "decapitation". 3. The front of the figure should be blank, not "facing the wall". 4. You can get rid of some hair in a close-up, but keep your chin. 5. According to the needs of the content, strive for a beautiful composition in form. (2) Composition method: Introduction: Composition is an important form of expressing the shooting content and the basis of language expression of TV pictures. Wonderful and harmonious pictures can bring beautiful enjoyment to the audience. Shooting essentials: 1. The basic requirements of composition are "flat", horizontal and vertical. The main axis of the building should be perpendicular to the horizontal edge of the photo frame. The horizon should be parallel to the horizontal edge of the frame, not centered up and down. 2. The composition also requires "accuracy", especially when shooting people, and the composition should be beautiful in different scenes. (commonly known as the map). 3. The composition should consider the visual center of the audience. The subject should be arranged near the middle of the picture, but not completely in the center. Depending on the visual direction (or moving direction) of the character. Generally speaking, one side of the visual direction (or moving direction) should be larger than the other side. 4. When shooting, divide the huge picture into two parts in your mind to form a tic-tac-toe game. The main body is arranged near the tic-tac-toe intersection, and the visual effect is good. (3) Lens cutting method: The "lens" mentioned here refers to the lens continuously shot by the camera. "Lens cut-off" refers to the end of a lens, which determines the continuous shooting length of a lens, so it is also called "lens length". As long as the lens is "continuous shooting" without being cut off, no matter how long it is, it can only be regarded as a lens. One of the most common mistakes that beginners make is that the lens is too long and unreasonable. The fundamental reason is that they don't know how to break the mirror. (4) Fixed lens method: Shooting "fixed lens" means shooting without moving the camera, rotating the optical axis (lens angle) or changing the focal length of the lens. Fixed lens gives people a stable visual experience and is the most widely used lens form. You should take as many fixed shots as possible. (5) Use the lens: (1) "Pull": When shooting a "pull" lens, the camera position and shooting angle are usually fixed. By changing the focal length of the lens, the scene changes from small to large and from near to far. Contrary to "push". You can also "pull" the lens by moving the camera without changing the focal length and shooting angle. Pull function: 1. The shooting range gradually expanded and the number of subjects decreased. 2. Show the position of the subject in space. 3. "Pulling" the lens gives people an expanded and open visual experience. 4. The "pull" lens consists of a rising frame, a movement (pull) and the left picture. Note: 1. First find the composition of the picture on the left, and then try to "pull" it again. The specific operation is: start (3-4 seconds)-move (pull)-left picture (1-2 seconds). 2. "Pull" neatly, don't hesitate, don't "pull" too much, and "push" back. 3. The speed of "pull" should be even (some cameras press their hands to produce different speeds), neither fast nor slow, and stop if you can't move. The use of the "pull" lens should be based on the needs of the content, and "pull" is meaningful and cannot be pulled for no reason. You can take some "pull" shots properly. (2) "Push": When shooting a "push" lens, the camera position and shooting angle are usually fixed. By changing the focal length of the lens, the scene changes from large to small and from far to near. Contrary to the "pull" photo. You can also "push" the lens by moving the camera without changing the focal length and shooting angle. Push function: 1. Highlight the main body and emphasize the details of key parts. 2. Reflect the changes of characters' expressions and reveal their inner activities. Concern: 1. First, decide the scenery and composition of the left picture, and focus on the left picture. 2. Open the setting and composition, and try to "push" it again. 3. The specific operation is: start (3-4 seconds)+move (push)+left picture (1-2 seconds). 4. The speed of "pushing" should be even, neither fast nor slow, and stop when moving. 5. "Push" should be hearty, don't hesitate, and don't push and pull back and forth. 6. The use of the "push" lens should be based on the needs of the content and the "push" should be reasonable. You can't push it on a whim. (3) "Shake": When shooting, "shake" the lens at a fixed position by rotating the optical axis. Is to use more expressive shooting techniques. "Shake" photography can be divided into horizontal shake (horizontal shake) and vertical shake (vertical shake) according to different directions. The horizontal swing can be from left to right or from right to left. The vertical swing can be from top to bottom, from bottom to top, or it can be inclined. Function: "Shake" the lens is used to show a vast space, broaden one's horizons, show the scale, and show the action of the subject (character) or the internal relationship between two things. Horizontal shaking is often used to broaden horizons and introduce the environment. Vertical shaking can be used to express the grandeur of the building. Note: 1. Shake well. 2. The "shake" lens consists of framing, motion (shake) and left picture. 3. The speed of "shaking" should be clear to the audience, neither too fast nor too slow, even, neither too fast nor too slow. First find the position of the left picture, determine the composition of the scene, gather the focus, and the posture of the body is subject to the left picture. 4. Turn your body to write a composition and try to shake it again. The closer you get to the picture on the left, the more relaxed your body posture will be. 6. The specific operation is: start (3-4 seconds)-move (shake)-the left picture (2 seconds). 7. "Shake" in one go, don't look around, focus on the beautiful composition of the picture on the left, and generally don't shake your head and shake it back. 8. "Shake" the lens to a certain extent, and the rotation angle of the lens is generally 90. Left and right (sometimes at a large angle). Either don't shake it, shake it happily, not a little. 9. The use of the "shake" lens should be based on the needs of the content and reasonable. The shooting intention should be clear, don't "shake" your eyes, and look around blankly to find the target. (4) "Moving": When shooting a "moving" lens, shoot while moving the camera. "Motion" can be divided into "translation", "lifting" and "advance and retreat". Translation can be from left to right or from right to left. "Up and down" takes the form of bottom-up and top-down. "Advance and retreat" is also a kind of push-pull photography, and it can also move obliquely: "moving" lens is used to reflect the spatial relationship of characters, show the level of the scene, and can produce special three-dimensional effects. Thinking: 1. The speed of "moving" should be even, not slow and fast, and stop when moving. 2. Novices should use "moving" photography as little as possible, and only use this method when the shooting content needs to move. 3. The "moving" photography needs to be equipped with relevant equipment to ensure the lens effect. If you only take "moving" photography with the photographer's footsteps, the picture is easy to shake, so you should pay attention to the steady footsteps and gently alternate movement, and strive to stabilize the picture with the cooperation of knees, thighs and waist. 4. Shooting in a moving vehicle (such as a boat or a car) is a simple and feasible "moving" method. 5. Make sure to shoot "moving" and think about it later. Don't stop in the process of moving, make up your mind. 6. It is a common mistake for beginners to "move" photos inexplicably and casually. 7. Use "moving" photography with caution and pay attention to safety, especially when moving backwards. Be sure to see that there are no obstacles behind you first, and try not to retreat.