What problems should be paid attention to in landscape photography?

First, the characteristics of landscape photography 1 a wide range of topics. China has a vast territory, and the subjects of landscape photography are very extensive. The magnificent scenery of famous mountains and rivers, the bustling scene of industrial bases, the attractive scenery of rural fields, the brand-new look of urban construction, the customs of ethnic minorities, etc., all provide inexhaustible rich materials for landscape photography. 2. Scenery photos with deep artistic conception are good at expressing feelings with scenery. They express or entrust people's thoughts and feelings through vivid descriptions of natural scenery. Therefore, landscape photos generally have deep artistic conception, which can arouse people's deep association. An experienced photographer is always good at finding the most poetic images in natural scenery and showing them on the screen with photographic art skills. Therefore, a good landscape photo is not only a simple expression of natural features, but also a simple pursuit of formal beauty, color and brilliance, and should have a profound theme. The beauty of the picture is the beauty of nature. After the photographer's artistic conception and technical treatment, it became a beautiful landscape photo. The beauty of the picture directly serves the content of the photo. In order to express the theme of the photo in depth, scenes unrelated to the theme should not be included in the composition of the picture when shooting. Because, if you only pay attention to formal decoration, it will often reduce the appeal of photos. 4 Fresh colors The colors of various natural scenery are extremely rich. When these scenes are recorded on color sensitive film, the colors of landscape photos are particularly rich and bright. Even if it is recorded on black photographic film, the level of the scene is very rich. This is another feature that distinguishes landscape photography from other photography. Second, the general requirements of landscape photography 1 The theme should be clear. Before taking a landscape photo, you must have a clear shooting intention, and you must know the theme and content of the photo. According to this requirement, when taking landscape photos, we should boldly choose and avoid unnecessary and messy scenery from the picture, so that the subject is in the main position in terms of position, size and color contrast. Make the picture concentrated, vivid and beautiful. 2 Features We should seize the landscape photos and reflect different local characteristics, so as to greatly enhance the expressive force of the photos. When shooting industrial scenery, urban scenery and rural scenery, we should not only pay attention to regional characteristics, but also pay attention to the characteristics of the times, and shoot the picture that best reflects the essence of our times. It is the main task and focus of landscape photography to highlight the new things and new features of China. Scenery such as wind, flowers, snow, moon, bridges and flowing water can certainly adjust people's spiritual and cultural life, but they can't be the focus. Third, landscape photography practice 1 spatial performance The scenery taken in landscape photos should be clear before and after and have a certain depth to increase expressiveness. Backlight can strengthen air perspective and distinguish the distance between foreground and background from hue. The use of color filters can also enhance or weaken the perspective. When shooting a scene in the morning or evening, clouds can be used to make the scene have a perspective effect of far light and near thickness, which increases the sense of space in the photo. Because clouds can reflect sunlight, the fog is heavy in the distance, the reflected light is strong, and the negative film is more sensitive, so the color of the scene is light; The fog nearby is thin, the reflected light is weak, the negative film is not very sensitive, and the scenery is strongly colored. 2 time refers to the scenery photo, and it means the time of shooting. In the early morning, the prospect was shrouded in thick fog and looked hazy. At this time, the sun comes out of the east and scatters light through the morning fog, which can give people a fresh and pleasing feeling and a sense of progress. In the evening, the flaming sunset glow gives off gorgeous light, putting on heavy clothes for the surrounding scenery and shooting with suitable color filters, which makes the atmosphere of the picture more rich and infectious. When shooting urban scenery and industrial scenery, night lights can be used to render the atmosphere of night activities. The performance of weather landscape photos is the background of the picture, which enhances the artistic effect and often pays great attention to the performance of the weather. When shooting a rain and fog scene, the light changes due to the reflection of rain and fog. Sometimes good results can be obtained. If you shoot in the sun, the foreground and background are easy to overlap and difficult to distinguish, and sometimes it is not very effective to use color filters. However, in rainy and foggy days, the effect of photos is very different. The reflection of drizzle can reflect the scenery and lights into reflections, making the picture very beautiful. The effect of snow scene is also unique. When it snows, the light is dim, and it is difficult to express the feeling of shooting snow. When the sun shines directly on the snow on the ground, there will be a bright snow surface and a bright scene. At this time, if you add a yellow filter and shoot in reverse light, the tone level of snow will be richer and the texture of snow will be stronger. Snow has a strong ability to reflect light, so you should wear a hood when shooting to prevent the reflected light from entering the lens. The exposure time of backlight shooting should be calculated according to the dark part of the scene. Clouds can decorate landscape photos, enrich content and adjust picture composition. Common clouds are floating clouds, clouds, flake clouds, strip clouds, fish scale clouds, sea of clouds and so on. , according to the seasonal characteristics and photo content to choose. Add light yellow and medium yellow filters when shooting to increase the effect of clouds. 4 focus and adjust the landscape photos not to be blurred, which will make people feel unhappy. So aim at the subject and adjust the focus, so that the clearer the prospect, the better. If you use a small camera and a wide-angle lens, you can ensure the necessary clarity in almost any case. However, such clarity is not good for the overall depth of the photo, because the artistic conception of the photo has been weakened, and the scenery is clear and boring. In order to ensure the artistic conception of landscape photos, the range of scene clarity should not be too large. The maximum clarity of the picture should be used for the subject and foreground, and all distant objects should be slightly defocused. This picture has rich layers, clear priorities and deep artistic conception. 5 exposure control the exposure of landscape photos should be based on the main body and require accurate exposure. At the same time, the exposure of the shadow part of the landscape must also be guaranteed. Therefore, the exposure determined according to the subject often needs to be slightly increased to show the details of the shaded part. Generally speaking, silhouette photos with the setting sun should be exposed according to the bright parts of the scene. For deep and dark forest scenes, or scenes illuminated by backlight, exposure should be made according to the shadow part of the scene, and it is best to use sensitive film with greater tolerance. When shooting scenes with moving objects, the exposure time should be short, especially when the moving objects are in the foreground. When shooting waterfalls, fountains, waves and other scenery, the exposure time should not be too short, otherwise the water will condense and lose its momentum. Generally,110-1/50 seconds is appropriate. When shooting a scene of fireworks, the shutter speed should not be short, and the exposure time must be measured in seconds, so that all traces of the fireworks journey can be seen on the screen. When shooting, you need to put the camera on a tripod. If the sky, ocean, lake or snow in the landscape occupy a large area on the screen, the exposure time must be shortened. In addition, when using color filter, we should consider its multiple and increase the exposure appropriately. The position of moving people and other moving objects, such as trains, cars, ships, planes, etc. Appearing on the screen will make the scenery more vivid and the still picture more dynamic. But the activities of animals should be coordinated with other scenes in the picture. No matter the expression, action, posture of people and the size and direction of other animals, they should be properly placed in the picture to avoid usurping the role of the owner and becoming a burden. In order to take landscape photos with moving objects, it is necessary to use sensitive film with high sensitivity and high photosensitive speed, otherwise, color filters can not be used and smaller apertures can not be fully utilized. Sunset Sunrise Tips Shooting the sunrise and sunset scenery is an essential subject for travel photographers. Photography shows the effect of light and shadow, but at sunrise and sunset, the light angle of the sun is low, the light quality is soft and warm, and the whole picture is full of attractive charm, which is the best time for landscape photography. To shoot sunrise and sunset, we must first grasp the timing of sunrise and sunset and the specific location. Different seasons have different times and places. Soon after the sun rose completely, the light turned from red to white, and the original light and shadow atmosphere disappeared. So when shooting sunrise and sunset, you must press the shutter on the ridge (sea level) where the sun has just risen or is about to set. In framing composition, the photographer should put the sun on the right or upper right corner of the picture. Beginners of photography should never put the sun in the center of the picture, otherwise there will be only a solitary close-up of the sun in the whole picture. For ordinary travel photographers, the focal length of 100-300 mm is enough, and the photos of sunrise and sunset scenery without foreground or sky color are meaningless and can only be used as backup material (commonly known as "Huang Zhai" by photographers). Because shooting sunrises and sunsets is against the light, when shooting sunrises and sunsets with no water reflection in the mountain foreground, the photographer should pay attention to the excessive contrast between the sky and the ground, that is, the exposure of the sky is enough, but the exposure of the earth is not enough to show the dark details of the picture. At this time, it is best to install a gray gradient lens in front of the camera to balance the excessive contrast between the upper and lower parts of the picture and increase the first exposure. This problem does not exist when shooting the sunrise and sunset scenery with good reflection on the water surface. In addition, if the sky is too bright when shooting, or in order to create a special tone, you can install a high-intensity sunset mirror in front of the camera. As far as the current 135 AE single-lens reflex camera is concerned, when shooting sunrise and sunset, you can only aim at the sky above the sun, or you can deliberately increase or decrease the exposure to take two more photos to compare the effect and control the tone you need. In focus mode, it is best to turn off the autofocus function to avoid the lens losing focus. Manual focusing can be used.