How to use camera function in Chinese-English translation?

English abbreviations commonly used in photography

A/Auto: automatic exposure mark. Can be used for aperture priority automatic exposure or program automatic exposure.

AE (automatic exposure): stands for automatic exposure.

AEL (automatic exposure lock): automatic exposure lock, sometimes expressed as "ML".

AF (auto focus): short for auto focus.

APO (double dyeing): double dyeing doctrine. The lens marked APO is an achromatic lens.

AV (aperture value): aperture value.

B(Buld or Brier Time): Manual exposure of shutter stops, which is usually called B shutter. Press the shutter button and the shutter opens; As soon as you let go, the shutter closes, which is usually used for long exposure.

CAF (continuous focusing): continuous focusing, used for shooting moving objects.

CIF(Catch In Focus): trap focusing shooting mode. Used to shoot wildlife and sports competitions. CF (compact flash memory): digital camera memory card

Depth of field scale: Depth of field scale, engraved on both sides of the focus baseline, with symmetrical aperture coefficient.

The number of the distance scale of the depth of field reading is engraved on the focus button of the lens focusing body around the lake, with m as the distance and meter as the unit; The corresponding feet indicate the distance, which is calculated in feet.

EI (exposure index): exposure index.

EV (exposure value): exposure value.

Exposure compensation: exposure compensation

F or f (focal length): the focal length of the lens, which is engraved on the front pressure ring of the lens barrel, such as f = 50 mm (the pressure ring is also engraved with the lens number and the maximum relative aperture of the lens, such as 1: 4), focal length and the symbol of the focal length of the lens.

F or F/(F n number): aperture coefficient, such as F2.8 or f/2.8.

H (hyperfocal distance): hyperfocal distance.

HP (high-speed program): high-speed program. The program combination with high shutter speed is suitable for automatic exposure of moving objects.

LED (light emitting diode): light emitting diode. It is often used as an exposure indicator for cameras.

L (lock): lock.

Meter (meter): meter. The indicating object distance engraved on the lens is measured in meters.

M (Manual): Manual exposure control.

MC (multi-layer coating): It means that the lens is coated with multiple layers.

MF (Manual Focus): Manual Focus.

Mode: exposure mode selection button

Overexposure: overexposure indicator light

P (program exposure): automatic program exposure. Aperture and speed adopt a fixed combination, arranged like a program, corresponding to a certain exposure.

PC (pressing contact): contactor. It is the positive and negative pole of the connecting line between the flash and the camera.

Plug.

QD: The date can be printed on the back of the machine, and the power supply is provided by the machine body. The function is the same as date r (rewind): rewind mark.

R/IR (infrared ray): the infrared focusing mark on the lens. Sometimes it is also indicated by a red dot.

S (shutter speed priority) shutter priority automatic exposure SC or S, S, C (spectral coating): the symbol of multilayer coated lens.

SLR: Short for SLR camera.

Smc (Super Multilayer Coating): Super Multilayer Coating.

T (timed exposure): shutter type long-time exposure device. Press the shutter to open, then press the shutter to close. TTL (through the lens): Internal metering means that there is a device for internal metering through the lens, so that automatic exposure control can be carried out.

CCD resolution

Resolution of CCD pixel image

ISO sensitivity

sensitivity

Lens performance lens

digital zoom

General focus range General shooting distance

Close-up focus range macro shooting distance

Aperture range

white balance

Shutter speed shutter

Internal flash

Flash supported by external flash

Flash mode flash mode

Exposure compensation

Photometric exposure photometry

Aperture Prerequisite Aperture Priority Auto

Shutter Prerequisite Shutter Priority Auto

Continuous shooting and continuous capture mode

Remote control

Tripod is used for tripods.

Self timer

Storage medium

Additional memory with additional memory.

Uncompressed image format

Compressed image format

Image quality selective tuning

Viewing window viewfinder

Liquid crystal screen liquid crystal display

Video output video output

serial interface

USB interface USB interface

IrDA interface (infrared)

Auto focus control mode Auto focus control

Flash index guide number

Weight weight

Size specification size

Use battery/battery life power supply/battery life

Digital SLR lens

DSLR digital cameras refer to single-lens reflex digital cameras, that is, digital digital, single-lens, lens reflex and reflex. At present, the common SLR digital camera brands on the market are Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Fuji and so on. Working principle: In the working system of SLR digital camera, the light reaches the reflector through the lens and then refracts to the focusing screen above to form an image. Through the eyepiece and pentaprism, we can see the scenery outside in the observation window. In contrast, ordinary digital cameras can only see the captured images through the LCD screen or electronic viewfinder (EVF). Obviously, the directly seen image is more conducive to shooting than the processed image.

When shooting in DSLR, press the shutter button, the reflector will pop up, and the shutter curtain in front of the photosensitive element (CCD or CMOS) will be opened at the same time, and the light passing through the lens will be projected onto the photosensitive original, and then the rear reflector will be restored immediately, and the image can be seen in the viewfinder. This structure of the single-lens reflex camera ensures that it is shot through the lens, so that the image seen in the viewfinder is always consistent with the image on the film, and its framing range is basically consistent with the actual shooting range, which is very conducive to intuitive framing and composition.

Main features: A major feature of SLR digital cameras is that they can change lenses of different specifications, which is an inherent advantage of SLR cameras and incomparable to ordinary digital cameras. In addition, SLR digital cameras are now positioned as high-end products of digital cameras, so the area of photosensitive elements (CCD or CMOS) related to the photographic quality of digital cameras is much larger than that of ordinary digital cameras, which makes the photosensitive area of each pixel of SLR digital cameras much larger than that of ordinary digital cameras, so each pixel can show more detailed brightness and color range, which makes the photographic quality of SLR digital cameras significantly higher than that of ordinary digital cameras.

Second, the lens

The lens of a digital camera consists of multiple lenses, and the materials are divided into two categories: glass and plastic. If the digital camera lens is made of glass, many users and businesses say that the glass lens has good light transmittance and the projected image is clearer. However, at present, many test reports show that glass lenses do not necessarily bring clearer images than plastic materials, and at the same time, glass lenses may increase the weight of the camera, so you should observe in many aspects when purchasing, and don't stick to the lens materials. If you have seen "f =" in the English manual of the camera, then the number behind it is usually its focal length, that is, the focal length. For example, "f=8-24mm, 38- 1 15mm (equivalent to a 35mm traditional camera)" means that the focal length of this camera is 8-24mm, and the diagonal viewing angle is equivalent to the focal length of 38-15 mm of a traditional 35mm camera. Generally speaking, the standard lens focal length of a 35mm camera is about 28-70mm, so if the focal length is higher than 70mm, it means that the telescopic effect is supported. If it is less than 28mm, it means that it has wide-angle shooting ability.

The focal length of a camera lens is a very important index of the lens. The focal length of the lens determines the imaging size of the object on the imaging medium (film or CCD, etc.). ), which is equivalent to the proportion of objects and images. When shooting the same subject at the same distance, the image with long lens focal length is large, and the image with short lens focal length is small. According to different uses, the focal length of camera lens varies greatly, from a few millimeters to a dozen millimeters to several meters. Common ones are 8mm, 15mm, 24mm, 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 85mm, 105mm, 135mm, 200mm, 400mm, 1200mm, etc. And it has a super long focal length of 2500 mm.

3. Aperture Aperture is a device used to control the amount of light entering the photosensitive surface of the fuselage through the lens. Usually in the camera. We use the f value to represent the aperture size. Aperture f value = lens focal length/lens aperture diameter. As can be seen from the above formula, to achieve the same aperture f value, the aperture of a long focal length lens is larger than that of a short focal length lens. The complete series of aperture values are as follows: f 1, f 1.4, f2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f1,f 16, f22, f32, f44. What is worth discussing here is the aperture f, which is often between f2.8-f 16 for consumer digital cameras. In addition, many digital cameras can adjust the aperture by 1/3. Aperture and shutter take precedence.

In addition to providing automatic mode, advanced digital cameras usually have two options: aperture priority and shutter priority, so that you can decide a certain aperture value or a certain shutter value on some occasions, and then match the appropriate shutter or aperture respectively to present different depth of field (sharpness) or effects. Aperture pre-exposure mode: after we decide the aperture f value ourselves, the camera metering system will automatically choose the appropriate shutter speed (which can be an accurate stepless shutter speed) according to the light conditions at that time. A digital camera with an exposure mode dial usually engraves the letter "A" on the dial to indicate the aperture priority mode (see Figure 4). Aperture prerequisite mode is suitable for photography that emphasizes the depth of field effect. Because the focal length of digital camera is much shorter than that of traditional camera and the aperture of lens is small, it is difficult to produce narrow depth of field. Some digital cameras have a special portrait exposure mode, using built-in programs to blur the foreground and background.

4. Shutter The English name of the shutter is shutter, and the shutter is a device on the camera to control the effective exposure time of the photosensitive film. Shutter type: At present, digital camera shutters include electronic shutter, mechanical shutter and B-door. First of all, talk about the difference between electronic shutter and mechanical shutter. The difference between them lies in the principle of controlling the shutter. For example, the electronic shutter controls the shutter time through the principle of controlling the shutter coil magnet by the circuit, and the gears and linkage parts are mostly made of plastic. The principle of mechanical shutter control is gear drive control time, and the linkage and gear are mostly made of copper and iron. The former is easy to be destroyed by wind and sand, and the latter is also afraid of wind and sand erosion, but it is clean and convenient.

Let's talk about door b first, and use door b when the exposure time exceeds 1 second. When using door B, pressing the shutter release button will open the shutter for a long time until the release button is closed. This is a shutter specially set for long exposure. The working principle of the shutter is as follows: in order to protect the photosensitive device in the camera from exposure, the shutter is always closed; When shooting, after adjusting the shutter speed, just press and hold the shutter release button of the camera (that is, the camera button), so that the light passing through the camera lens can be correctly exposed between the opening and closing of the shutter, and the light can enter the photosensitive device through the shutter and be written into the memory card. As for the common B shutter function of SLR cameras, although you can freely decide the length of exposure time and have high shooting flexibility, most consumer digital cameras can't support it at present, and can provide the default values of slower speed such as 2 seconds, 8 seconds, 16 seconds at most. A perfect shutter usually has the following functions: first, it must have the function of accurately adjusting the exposure time, which is the most basic function of camera shutter; Second, it is necessary to have a high enough shutter speed to facilitate shooting high-speed motion or effectively control the depth of field; Third, there must be a long exposure effect, that is, a "T" door or a "B" door should be installed; Fourth, it has the function of flash synchronous shooting; Fifth, it has a self-timer function, which can open the shutter without releasing the cable during self-timer or long exposure. Shutter speed: Shutter speed is an important parameter of digital camera shutter, different models.

The shutter speed of a digital camera is completely different, so when you use a certain type of digital camera to shoot a scene, you must first understand the shutter speed, because only when you press the shutter, you can consider the start time of the shutter and grasp the release time of the shutter, so as to shoot a vivid picture. Usually, the shutter of ordinary digital cameras is mostly within11000 seconds, which can basically cope with most daily shooting. Shutter should not only look at "fast" but also "slow", that is, the delay of shutter. For example, in some digital cameras, the longest shutter is 16 second, which is enough for shooting at night. However, if the shutter is too long, it will increase the "noise" of digital photos, that is, miscellaneous stripes will appear in the photos. In addition, mainstream digital cameras must have aperture priority mode and shutter priority mode in addition to automatic shooting mode. Aperture priority mode is that the user decides the size of the aperture, and then the camera calculates how much light enters according to the ambient light and exposure settings. This mode is more suitable for shooting still objects. Shutter priority mode is that the user decides the shutter speed, and then the digital camera calculates the appropriate aperture size according to the environment. Therefore, shutter priority mode is more suitable for shooting moving objects, especially digital cameras are very sensitive to vibration, and even slightly shaking the camera during exposure will produce blurred photos, which is more obvious when using practical long focal length. When choosing a digital camera, it is best to choose a model with these modes to ensure the shooting effect. As for the common B shutter function of SLR cameras, although you can freely decide the length of exposure time and have high shooting flexibility, most consumer digital cameras can't support it at present, and can provide the default values of slower speed such as 2 seconds, 8 seconds, 16 seconds at most.