Who is Euclid? Who's Liu Bannong?

Greek mathematician Euclid. Born about 330 BC, he died in 260 BC.

Euclid was one of the most famous and influential mathematicians in ancient Greece. He is a member of the Alexandria school.

Euclid wrote a book called The Elements, with a volume of 13. This work has a great influence on the future development of geometry, mathematics and science, and on the whole thinking method of westerners. The main object of Geometry Elements is geometry, but it also involves other topics such as number theory and irrational number theory. Euclid used the axiomatic method. Axioms are some basic propositions that do not need to be proved, and all theorems are derived from them. In this deductive reasoning, every proof must be based on axioms or theorems that have been proved. This method later became a model of establishing any knowledge system, and for almost 2000 years, it was regarded as a model of rigorous thinking that must be followed. The Elements of Geometry is the pinnacle of the development of ancient Greek mathematics.

Liu Bannong (1891-1934) was originally named Shoupeng, later renamed Fu, and his real name was Bannong, whose name was Qu 'an. My ancestral home is Nansha. He studied with his father at the age of 4 and entered school at the age of 6. Guangxu thirty years (1904), thirty-three years into Jiangyin Hanmolin Primary School, Changzhou Fu Middle School. Xuantong returned to Hanmolin Primary School in the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1). When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Liu Bannong went north to Jingjiang to help Rongmu translate books and bamboo slips. In February of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), he was dissatisfied with the internal chaos in the army and returned to his hometown to participate in a civilized drama to raise money to support the revolution. In March, he went to Shanghai with his younger brother Liu Tianhua, and successively served as editor of Mingkai Drama Club, special editor of China New Newspaper and editor of Zhonghua Book Company, and published novels such as Hosta Flower and Revenge of the Fast Man. In the 6th year of the Republic of China, he took an active part in the New Culture Movement, and published two articles "My Views on Literary Improvement and Spiritual Innovation of Poetry and Novels" in the New Youth edited by Chen Duxiu, expounding his views on reforming prose, poetry, novels and operas. He advocates taking vernacular Chinese as authentic, absorbing the advantages of classical Chinese, destroying old rhymes, recreating new rhymes and adding new rhymes.

That summer, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, he became a Chinese teacher at the National Peking University Preparatory School. In 7 years of the Republic of China, he and Qian sang in "New Youth". Qian wrote a letter to New Youth under his pseudonym, putting forward all kinds of reasons against vernacular Chinese, and Liu Congzheng wrote one refutation after another, which was a famous event in the debate between old and new literature at that time. Liu also created the usage of "she" and "it", which was praised by Lu Xun. When he taught practical writing in Peking University, he opposed stereotyped writing and attached importance to practicality. Published Professor of Applied Literature, and wrote some vernacular poems, such as An Introduction to China's Grammar, The Apprentice's Suffering, The Radish Seller, Why I don't miss her, etc. His blank poems are vivid in language, progressive in thought and widely circulated. Thousands of ballads were collected and more than 40 songs/kloc-0 were published, which initiated the research of folk literature and art.

In April 2008, Liu Bannong was elected as a member of the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of Mandarin, drafted the Law on the Unification of Mandarin, and put forward the idea of changing Chinese into Mandarin and compiling dictionaries. In May, 1999, he was promoted to be a member of the National Language Dictionary Committee. Soon, he was sent to study abroad by the Ministry of Education of Beijing government. I first arrived in England, entered the University of London, and transferred to the University of Paris in France the following year, focusing on experimental linguistics. 12 years, he wrote two articles, namely "Study on the Method of Keeping Warm with 36 Letters" and "Experimental Results of Four Mothers". The following year, the Four Tones Experiment Record was published, which not only introduced the relevant language knowledge and experimental methods, but also discussed the essence of the four tones. /kloc-in 0/4, he wrote the doctoral thesis of French "Experimental Record of Chinese Pinyin Characters" and "A Brief History of Chinese Language Movement". He also invented instruments for measuring language and music, such as "Liu's Tone Drum Class A" and "Tone Inference Ruler" (namely Liu's Ruler), obtained a doctorate in French national literature, and was promoted to be a member of the Paris Linguistic Society. In the summer of the same year, he won the Vaughan Linguistics Award from the French Academy. He returned to China in autumn, 2008, and served as a professor in the Department of Literature of China, Peking University, and a tutor in China studies, engaged in linguistic research. 15 years, translated script La Traviata was published.

The following year, Liu Bannong resigned as the president of the national school to express his dissatisfaction with Liu Zhe, Minister of Education. The following year, the Nanjing government of Kuomintang appointed Liu Wei as a special contributor and a special researcher at the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica. /kloc-in 0/8, he was appointed as a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University and concurrently served as the provost of Fu Jen Catholic University. In May of the following year, he concurrently served as Dean of Peking University Women's College. During this period, he has investigated 200 or 300 dialects, compiled a book "Investigation on Phonetic Alphabet of Chinese Dialects" and published a book "Book of Folk Characters since Song and Yuan Dynasties". In the summer of the 20th year of the Republic of China, he was a research professor at Peking University College of Literature, in charge of the Department of Literature and History of the Institute, engaged in language and music research and compilation of large dictionaries, and published articles such as Shi Chi and Shi Lai Lai successively. After the "September 18th Incident", he wrote articles such as "A Right Way to Resist Japan and Save the Nation" and resolutely advocated anti-Japanese. 22 years into small and medium-sized dictionaries, with his "point-straight curve word retrieval method." In April of that year, regardless of the white terror, he and 12 Qian Xuan jointly issued a fundraising book for the public burial of Li Dazhao's martyrs, and wrote an epitaph and tombstone. In the summer of the same year, he went to Henan and Shanghai to personally measure the melody of ancient musical instruments, and found music and dance statues of the Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty in Gongxian Grottoes and Longmen in Luoyang. The following year, he published articles such as the Western Han Dynasty sundial. In the summer vacation of the same year, he led Bai Dizhou and other four people to inspect the northwest dialect along the Pingsui line, but he died in Beiping in July of 14. Cai Yuanpei wrote an inscription for it.

Liu Zeng edited the Collection of Semi-agricultural Prose, in which most of his major works were included.