What do women in the highway management office usually do?

On the 50th anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the staff of Yunnan TV Station walked on the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway. Trying to find the location of this old photo. To this end, the Provincial Communications Department convened many experts and scholars and people from Shi Zhiban, asking them to propose possible locations. However, although they ran back and forth several times on the Yunnan-Myanmar highway and visited similar terrain and roads in the province, they never found anything similar to the old photos. The explorer sighed, "It seems to have disappeared from the earth."

By the end of 20001,Yunnan scholar Ge learned through the Internet that Yasuhiro Moriyama, editor of a photo album introducing the Burma War, said that the 24th turn might be in Guizhou. Inspired by this, Ge came to Anshun City, Guizhou Province by train from Kunming to find his dream. A middle-aged lesbian from Anshun Highway Administration Bureau told him: "I seem to have seen it on the highway from Qinglong County, Pu 'an County or Liupanshui City to Panxian County in Xingyi area. "These areas are not under the jurisdiction of Anshun. With the experience of searching many times, Ge chose a simpler and more effective method this time, that is, asking the old driver at the long-distance bus station. After seeing the old photos, the drivers immediately stated the location very clearly and accurately: "Go one kilometer from Qinglong County to Kunming. When you get there, say,' By the age of 24', everyone will know. "

At noon on March 1, Geshuya arrived in Qinglong County, eager to inquire. Sure enough, every boy and girl riding a tricycle taxi in the street knows "No.24 bend". They told him that this road was built by "Americans during World War II". Ge rented a tricycle and finally came to the road he had been longing for for for for a long time. In order to take the same photos as the old photos from the same angle, he climbed to the opposite top of the mountain and experienced difficulties and obstacles-in the case of using a 50 mm lens, he had to stand less than 30 cm from the edge of the abyss cliff!

For Ge's discovery, Guizhou Metropolis Daily used the title of Yunnan Historians Deciphering Guizhou's "24 Turn": Yunnan Information Daily published a long report entitled "Revealing Historical Dust-Guizhou's" 24 Turn "on Yunnan-Myanmar Highway"; Guangzhou Yangcheng Evening News designed a banner headline: "The world-famous Twenty-four Turns was originally in Guizhou", and the inscription on its eyebrow read: "Ge, an expert in the history of World War II, deciphered an old photo and corrected a 57-year fallacy." So that some people intend to further discuss topics such as "how history went wrong" and "why Guizhou people don't know this road".

Is that really the case?

Zhou, director of Guizhou Public Security Comprehensive Planning Department, said in an interview: "The famous' turn 24' is too dangerous. Therefore, in the mid-1950s, on another slope near' No.24 bend', road builders slowed down the longitudinal slope and built a new road to facilitate driving, but the old road was still preserved and maintained. Now,' turn 24' is still a dirt road. Some people also like to play with it. It's interesting to drive there. Very good. As soon as you hit the steering wheel, you will go up. "

People in the capital of Guizhou province have made no mistakes, but their eyes are discerning. Jinglong County Cultural Relics Management Office listed "Twenty-four Daoguai" as 1988 modern architectural cultural relics protection unit. Jiang Shimin, a local folk artist, once painted a purely realistic painting at 1989, in which there are "twenty-four turns" and nymphs in the neighboring mountains that can be seen later. Its inscription also reads impressively: "Stilwell Road is the 24th turn in our county, which was built by the allied forces to attack the Japanese army in Myanmar during World War II ..." Today, this masterpiece, which is three meters long and two meters wide, has been hung in the county government guest house for more than 14 years.

Records show that at the beginning of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War 60 years ago, when someone accused the "24 Turn" of being steep, narrow and dangerous, and proposed to rebuild the road network and bypass the new line, Qinglong people stepped forward to defend the reputation and survival of the "24 Turn". At that time, the county Council submitted a report saying: "The 24-turn road was so narrow that ordinary drivers who overlapped in other places tried to punish the 24-turn road. Therefore, this place is considered a dangerous road. " In fact, turn 24 "has been completed on the original branch line, spanning Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. It is actually the southwest artery, and the eight-year anti-Japanese war has achieved brilliant results." Twenty years after the founding of New China, turn 24 still carries traffic and vehicles.

Although "24 turns" is not mysterious, it arouses people who don't want to try to do more thinking and deeper exploration. Focus on its historical origin, cultural accumulation and social value, and conduct in-depth exploration and scientific demonstration.

Since the Republic of China, business travel and military transportation have become closer than before, so it is necessary to build modern expressways. Before 1935, Guizhou province was along the direction of Guizhou-Yunnan ancient post road, and the terrain was slow, completing the Guiyang-Anshun Huangguoshu Expressway. On the other hand, in Yunnan, along the same ancient post road from 65438 to 0935, the subgrade bridges and culverts from Kunming to Pingyi County (now Fuyuan) on the edge of the provincial boundary were built. And from Pingyi to Panxian, via Annan to Huangguoshu, during which there are more than 270 kilometers, the ancient post road line, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, is still preserved. The interruption of the road affected the gentry and the people. In the old days, the partial security consciousness of local authorities and the closed-door mentality of responsible persons can be seen.

1June, 935, Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of the pursuit of the Long March Red Army to lead the central military and political officials to Guiyang, and learned that the gentry and businessmen complained bitterly because the roads in Guizhou and Yunnan were impassable. Therefore, from the purpose of unifying laws and eliminating separatist regimes, it was decided that the central government would mainly contribute to the construction of highways in two provinces, which was very popular for a while. Immediately, the Military Commission was sent to participate in the discussion, and the engineering experts from the Hangying Highway Department of the Military Commission led by Zeng Yang were fully responsible for connecting the Guizhou-Yunnan Highway, and decided to build the highway along the ancient post road along the middle line of Pingyi, Panxian, Annan and Huangguoshu. It is also determined that the highway from Pingyi to Panxian to the west will be built by Yunnan Provincial Highway Administration. The section of Huangguoshu in Guizhou from Annan to Panxian to the east will be surveyed by Guizhou.

At present, Guiyang is a hub station on the east-west trunk line of Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan. From here, take a bus to the west, pass the high mountain flat dam between Anshun, Guiyang, and reach Guansuoling, where the terrain rises sharply and the mountains are in the sky. Highway Xiaguan Suoling to Beipanjiang, north-south, choppy. Cross the Panjiang Tiesuo Bridge of the "Long River" and enter the territory of Nan County of Gu 'an. Climb up Liangshuiying along the road, reach the third-class terraces of Hamaguan and Liancheng, and then come to Yaguan Mountain Road in the western part of Guizhou, which is located on the edge of Gu 'an County. Yaguan is 1799 meters above sea level, which is the most dangerous throat tunnel of Guizhou-Yunnan highway west of Guiyang. "Turn 24" is a winding mountain bend, built along the cutting mountain of Guyaguan. At that time, Jiangshang Bridge and Panshan Road in Annan County, like two iron tongs, controlled the opening and closing of the whole Guizhou-Yunnan highway. During the Anti-Japanese War, anyone who didn't fly to Kunming from Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Hunan had to pass through Panjiang Railway Bridge and Yaguan Mountain Road in Qinglong County. Road construction is progressing smoothly. By September of1936, Guiyang Huangpan section highway was completed; Previously, the Pingpan section highway was also completed on March 1936. This is the first national highway connecting eastern China and western Yunnan more than 60 years ago.

On the morning of April 28th, the Beijing-Yunnan tour group left Annan and made a "24 turn". The next day I passed Qujing and entered Yunnan. Arrived in Kunming on the afternoon of the 29th. The group drove from Guizhou to Yunnan in two days. Praise the quality of the design project of this newly-built mountain national highway survey line according to local conditions. "No one likes it except Hunan Province." After improving the supporting facilities, the formal acceptance was completed on June 25th. 1937+065438+. Since then, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai, due to the completion of this short but vital highway, finally formed a new situation in which the western part of China is connected by one vein and the communication is smooth. At this time, China was invaded by the sun. In the southeast, half of the rivers and mountains, candlelight, blood stained the earth, the country broke and the family died, and refugees rushed. The center of gravity of the Anti-Japanese War also moved westward because of the successive fall of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Hangzhou. At present, the Guizhou-Yunnan highway trunk line, which was opened at the beginning of the whole line, immediately showed great economic and national defense functions in terms of personnel evacuation and material transportation.

During the three years from February +0938 to early June 1942 in 65438, anti-Japanese war materials and equipment imported through Yunnan-Myanmar Highway were also transported from west to east on the same highway. At this stage, the Southwest Transportation Administration of the Military Commission, which is responsible for the wartime rear transportation, transported about 800 trucks from Kunming to Guiyang and Guiyang to Chongqing. In other words, only one car has to pass the "Twenty-four Turn" and the "Panjiang Railway Bridge". Together with other military commercial systems, it is estimated that there are no fewer than 2,000 vehicles. According to the investigation, from February 1939 to February19410, more than 220,000 tons of anti-Japanese war materials were brought in. Coupled with other land transportation systems, the total tonnage of materials in the past is far more than this.

After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Peiping fell on 28th, and 3 1 Tianjin fell. In order to inherit Chinese culture and education, 1938, in April, nearly 300 teachers and students of Changsha Temporary University, the predecessor of The National SouthWest Associated University, made a long March across Annan (now Qinglong), crossed the Panjiang Bridge along this westward highway that lasted only half a year, and took a "twenty-four turn" to walk in Kunming, where patriotic teachers and students joined Zhang Qian, Tang Priest's Westward Journey and Zheng He in the western regions.

The teachers and students of the tour group passed by Qinglong, which made this small county famous in history. Liancheng County has only one straight road about two feet wide and less than 100 meters long, and this street is an open-air market. Miao and Buyi compatriots in mountainous areas exchanged sweet potatoes, potatoes, sugar cane and firewood for oil and salt cloth, which left an unforgettable impression on teachers and students. Zhu wrote a poem about Panshan Highway in the poem "Miscellaneous Poems on the Way of Changsha Temporary University Moving westward to Kunming": "Only with this fearless heart can we break the danger and be frank; I can't stand in the way, Ququling Mountain. " His poem about Miao girls selling sugarcane said: "The scorching sun makes people sweat. More than a girl, a crutch weighs gold. " His "Ode to the Negative Cloth Man" wrote: "Negative cloth travels on Wan Li Road, only earning a mouthful of rice. Although the cloth is one thousands of feet long, I can't take out an inch. " These are the real feelings that the teachers and students of the conference saw and heard along the empty path. And "ode to hibiscus flowers in full bloom" says: "Red and white are better than green and yellow, and planting flowers is millet. Life is fun, ask if poison is poisonous. " It also exposed the shortcomings of the old China, such as the oversight of official management and the decay of folk customs, and showed the concern of teachers and students about foreign worries and domestic troubles and their thinking about the national economy and people's livelihood.

194165438+On February 8th, the Pacific War broke out. Subsequently, the Japanese army captured Myanmar, cut off the international passage of the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway, and occupied the northern and western parts of Myanmar along the way, threatening China's anti-Japanese war rear area. China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union formed an alliance, * * * counterattacked Germany, Italy and Japan fascism, fundamentally changed the military and political war of resistance between China and the Far East, and fought the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean; On the other hand, with a large number of military aid, ordnance and even the army, China and even Myanmar and India have been opened. Therefore, General Joseph Warren Stilwell was ordered to come to China in March 1942, and directly participated in directing the allied forces to aid China against Japan. He held six important positions, including the US military representative in China, the US military representative in China, the commander-in-chief of China's three armed forces, and the director of US aid to Japan.

A large number of American troops and equipment entered the country, and a large-scale American military camp and hoarding base were opened east of Kunming. The cargo airport and inventory base camp of the air hump route to China are located in Zhanyi, and the main logistics organization of the US military is located in Yujing. 14 the basic and affiliated departments of the air force are all over Kunming. American military organizations providing service maintenance, management and scheduling have extended to the rear and front. At that time, most of the American aid to China was used to supply the central government of Chongqing, the capital of the Anti-Japanese War. At the same time, it is necessary to transport military supplies to the Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi war zones in Chongqing, the capital of Gong Wei. During the war years, these materials and personnel were mainly transported by American trucks, and they had to pass through the Guizhou-Yunnan National Road and climb up and down from Qinglong 24.

According to the traffic and engineering engineers of China Allied Forces, this 24-turn-table river cable-stayed bridge with serious pavement damage and fragile bridge must be rebuilt and strengthened. 199 1 The Records of Guizhou Province and Traffic Records records the history of the construction, management and transformation of "Twenty-four Turn", and there is a geological map in which "Twenty-four Turn" was changed to "Twenty-six Turn 438+0". The file records the name of "US Army set up a station in Qinglong to set up a highway improvement engineering office", and the highway reconstruction project in this wartime, especially the plan of route survey, design and construction of "Turn 24", was "put forward by Americans during the wartime"; The engineering and technical officers and men sent by the United States to China "were stationed in the local area to build roads." At the same time, "American highway engineering forces. It is also stationed in Panxian, Pu 'an, Qinglong, Xingyi, Guanling and other places in Guizhou to build the Yunnan-Guizhou National Road. "This quickly changed the internal quality and external image of the Guizhou-Yunnan trunk line and Qinglong Road Bridge.

Only this time, the US Army Corps of Engineers did four things. The first is to reduce the bend and change the line, reducing the original design of 24 turns to 2 1 turn. (From the point of view of photo shooting, it is only 2 1 turn, and now there are 24 turns from the Panshan bend where the entrance is folded-the author). Its bending reduction position is at the starting point of uphill section. Therefore, all the photos of "Twenty-four Turn" so far only use the original old name, and there has never been and will never be a "Twenty-four Turn" that really took the lens. Painted a lot of "24 turns" are panoramic realistic oil paintings of Qinglong people. Then there is a big ditch flowing through the mountain spring; At the same time, along the loose and weak parts of the mountain road, the site is selected to build stone walls, reinforce the bulwarks, protect the slopes and consolidate the soil, prevent the soil from collapsing and block the traffic. Third, widen the curve and compact the road properly. The whole project, except for the excavation and lifting work, is undertaken by China, and other aspects, such as design, supervision and construction organization, are undertaken by American engineering and technical officers and soldiers.

The most commendable thing is that, from the view of the "24-way turn" road surface, a photographer is deliberately showing the picture of the American freight truck fleet assisting War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, driving in an orderly way on the "24-way turn" mountain road after reducing the bend and changing the line. Some people generally call it the "24-turn" photo, because it shows the "little-known surreal picture" on the Yunnan-Myanmar traffic line, so it is widely circulated. This statement is inevitably vague and dazzling. In fact, among the many photos of Turn 24, only this frame is the most valuable. Because the author skillfully presents a "five W elements" of the World War II situation, that is, the time, place, people, reasons and results of news, it is regarded as the epitome of this important historical landscape. As far as photo production is concerned, the author, by means of darkroom processing, picture editing and scene selection, puts the factors that may be observed, such as the massiness of the mountain and the lightness of the car body, the vastness of the rock head and the smallness of the spokes, the twists and turns of the road and the standing of the steep rock, the groaning of the motor and the silence of the desolate valley, into a scale framework, so it has a strong sensory impact and fiery artistic appeal, which has also become the framework cited in this paper.

The discovery of "Guizhou 24 Turn" confirmed that the vibration caused in Yunnan was unexpected. Someone made an analogy: For more than half a century, the photo "Turn 24" has been closely related to Yunnan people. Today, I suddenly told Yunnan people that I was transferred to Guizhou on the 24th, just like saying that this baby pimple is someone else's child. "This is a heavy blow to them." In the eyes of outsiders, the root of Yunnan people's flesh-and-blood ties is the mindset formed by "taking the neighbor's artifacts as your own" in the past 70 years. Over the years, it has been unanimously recognized that the "24-way turn" is located in a certain section of the Yunnan-Myanmar highway; Furthermore, as the image logo of the bloody Yunnan-Myanmar highway, it spared no effort to promote it. Now that the truth has come out, some people will inevitably not have a great sense of loss; At the same time, it is inevitable that some people will not have the disillusionment of being "fooled" for many years.

Now that I think about it, the crux comes from three fallacies. This is a "24-way turn" to show that the Chinese and American armies fought against Japanese fascism side by side despite difficulties, which is essentially different from the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway, an international freight passage behind China's anti-Japanese war. This is a ... The "24-way turn" is famous at home and abroad. After the United States and China concluded a military alliance in 1942, China's anti-Japanese war situation was maintained by flying over the hump and then by road transportation. During this period, both western Yunnan and northern Myanmar were occupied by Japanese invaders, and the Yunnan-Myanmar highway winding between them existed in name only. Anyone with a little knowledge of history and geography knows that there were no and no American trucks climbing down the Burma Road in those years. The two cannot be mentioned in the same breath, which is the second. The most important thing is that in the nearly three years from the beginning of 1942 to the beginning of 1944 and 10. General Stilwell, commander-in-chief of the US China-Burma-India Theater, actually commanded the US armed forces to aid China and controlled the materials needed by the armed forces to aid China. Its headquarters in the film festival and the official residence of the commander-in-chief's office are located in Chongqing, the wartime capital of that year. General Stilwell's first task when he took office was to use the resources provided by the United States to improve and strengthen the anti-Japanese war function of the China government represented by the capital Chongqing. Based on this premise, the "China-India Highway" was renamed as "Stilwell Road", which connected the whole line of China, Myanmar and India from Lido to Chongqing, and had symbolic significance of military, political and diplomatic beyond traffic stops. The "24-way turn" in Qinglong, Guizhou Province, which is the only way for land transportation, has a profound historical accumulation and was selected as the image logo of "Stilwell Road", but it shows that the photo author has the quality and talent of overall situation and insight into the essence.

When we wrap up the full text and intend to summarize the above-mentioned "search trip" and "fame and fortune struggle", there is an unspeakable embarrassment. As some scholars have pointed out, because it also shows that "China scholars and the media did not do a simple investigation and study after the war", it shows that "there are still great loopholes in our research on such a major historical issue as War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression." References:

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