How to get on the stage of TED talk —— The core skills of Chris Anderson's The Power of Speech

How to get on the stage of TED talk, attract the global audience as soon as you open your mouth, inspire the audience and share your views in just 18 minutes. Chris Anderson, the head of TED, shared the core skills of successful speech in the book The Power of Speech.

The following is a summary of the core skills of speaking ability for understanding and application.

1.？ The significance and purpose of the speech

Meaning:

1) presentation skills are not only the patent of a few people, but also an important skill in the world of 2 1, which can be used to share your stories and things you care about. If you can learn this skill, your self-confidence will continue to increase, and you will be amazed at the success it brings you, no matter how you choose to define it. For example, Elon Musk gave a speech to boost morale after the third failed rocket launch; /kloc-William Kankuanba, a 0/4-year-old Malawi inventor, gave a speech about the story of making windmills in the village, and was finally admitted to Dartmouth College as an engineering major.

2) For public leaders or advocates, public speaking is very important. They can solicit public opinion, inspire enthusiasm, contribute knowledge and opinions, and drive everyone to pursue the dream of unity.

Purpose:

Share valuable ideas and share them sincerely in your unique way. ?

? 1) How to tap valuable ideas: Looking back on my work in the past three or four years, what stood out? What was the last thing that made you excited or angry? What are two or three things you are most proud of? When was the last time you chatted with someone and they said, "It's really interesting"? If you could wave a magic wand, what would you like to convey to others?

? 2) How to share: Only when the speaker and the listener have the same language can language produce magical power. This means that to implant your thoughts into other people's brains, you can only use tools that the audience can understand. If we only start from our own language, ideas, assumptions and values, we are doomed to failure. You should start from the listener's point of view. Only on the basis of this similarity can your thoughts be implanted in their minds. ?

3) For the whole speech, the most important thing is language. It is language that tells stories and constructs ideas, and it is language that explains complex concepts, makes rational analysis or makes a strong call.

4) Speech is a journey that the speaker and the audience experience together. Whether this trip is an exploration, an explanation or a suggestion, its purpose is to take the audience to a beautiful new place.

2.？ Common pitfalls: four speech styles that should be avoided

1) marketing strategy: you should be a generous giver, bringing some wonderful things to the audience, not an annoying self-promoter.

2) ramble: ramble at will, without a clear context. Let the speaker be fully prepared.

3) annoying company people: focus on the essence of the work you are engaged in, focus on the great ideas that permeate it, rather than focusing on the company or its products themselves.

4) Inspirational performance: One of the most profound experiences that the audience gets is enlightening, but it is necessary to avoid only form without content. If you want to win the audience only by beautiful packaging, you may achieve short-term success, but you will soon be seen through and the audience will stay away.

3. Main line: What's your opinion?

1) Make your main line as clear as possible, but it must not exceed 15 words, and you must summarize the main contents. Main line example: more choices make us more unhappy; Fragility is worth cherishing and does not need to be hidden.

Main lines that are too dull or outdated should also be avoided, such as "the importance of hard work".

Topic and thread are not the same thing. If the theme is canoe exploration, the main line can be about endurance, team spirit or the danger of turbulence.

2) A concise speech

Wrong way: every point is presented in the form of a summary, covering all aspects of your research. Complex content = insufficient explanation.

The correct way: delete the content, less is more.

The main line means that you need to determine an idea that can be properly expounded in a limited time, and then build a frame structure so that every element in the speech can be related to this idea.

3)? From the main line to the structure: different lectures will have completely different structures to match the central main line. A speech can start with an introduction to a problem studied by the speaker, give an example to illustrate this problem, then turn to some historical examples that tried to solve this problem, give two last failed examples, then put forward possible solutions, support this idea with a very novel example, and finally put forward three ideas for the future as the end.

For example, the structure of Ken Robinson:

A.？ Foreword —— Defining the topic to be discussed

B.？ Background-Why is this question important?

C.？ Main concepts

D.？ Practical significance

E.？ conclusion

4) The typical structure of emphasizing topics, such as the inevitable crisis and the outbreak of diabetes, is to list many facts to illustrate the seriousness of the problem and why measures must be taken to solve it. If the audience is tired of sympathy, it can be improved, that is, don't set the speech as a question, but as an idea (like solving an interesting mystery).

When you start the main line of your speech, there is a simple list of questions for your reference:

Is this theme my favorite?

★ Can it stimulate interest?

★ Is the knowledge I share valuable to the audience?

★ Is my speech a gift or a request?

★ Is the speech new or old?

Can I fully illustrate this topic with necessary examples within the specified time?

Do I have enough knowledge to make the speech live up to the expectations of the audience?

★ Am I qualified to discuss this topic?

★ What are the 15 words that sum up my speech?

★ Can this 15 convince people who are interested in listening to my speech?

After determining the main line, it is necessary to prepare the subsidiary part of the main line. There are five important tools to construct ideas: contact, narration, explanation, persuasion and display, which can be mixed.

4. Contact: the bond to build trust with the audience.

As a speaker, we must first find a way to disarm the audience and establish a bond of trust with them. So that they are willing to open their hearts to you in a few minutes.

1) Make eye contact with the audience from the beginning and smile appropriately.

2) show your vulnerability, such as feeling nervous;

3) Tell a humorous story related to the theme and make them laugh. Note that if you are not humorous, don't force it.

4) Let go of yourself and start with self-mockery;

5) Tell a true story about yourself or people around you.

6) The only way to get close to people who disagree with you is to put yourself in their shoes as much as possible, don't use those sensitive words, and establish contact with them on the same basis of human nature.

5. Narration: the powerful charm of the story

Everyone loves stories. The typical model of a wonderful story is that a hero with a mission meets unexpected obstacles and falls into crisis. He tries to overcome obstacles, and then the story reaches its climax until the end (there may be some episodes and plot changes).

Sharing stories on the stage, remember four things:

The story should have a hero who causes the audience to sing.

★ Form the tension of the story by stimulating interest, creating suspense or danger;

★ Provide details as appropriate. If there are too few details, the story is not vivid enough, and if there are too many stories, it will be protracted.

★ Have a satisfactory ending, which is either interesting, touching or inspiring.

6. Interpretation: How to explain difficult concepts?

Interpretation means consciously adding a new element to people's cognitive model, or rearranging existing elements in a better way. Borrow the power of metaphor, use what people know to understand the unknown,

The following questions are very useful:

★ What do you think the audience knows?

★ What are the necessary concepts you use to help explain?

★ What metaphors and examples will you use to explain the concept?

To answer the above questions, you can adopt the following methods:

1) Share the speech with colleagues or friends to see if they can understand it? Is there anything you don't understand? Everything should be as simple as possible, but not too simple.

2) Before you explain what your idea is, find out what it is not. For example, discuss the unfeasible way of speaking and then discuss the feasible way of speaking. ?

7. Persuasion: convince people by reasoning and conquer the audience step by step.

Persuasion is to convince the audience that their current understanding of the world is not completely correct. This means not only destroying those wrong ideas, but also rebuilding better ones.

1) Before explaining the main conclusion, let's unfold the story in our hearts in several different forms. For example, before saying "too many choices will make you more unhappy", we will tell a story about buying jeans-there are too many kinds of jeans.

2) Reasoning method: break it down into small steps, each step should be completely convincing and draw a conclusion effectively. Reduction to absurdity: first throw out the opinions that are different from your own opinions, and then reveal the contradictions.

3) Detective speech mode: Start with a huge mystery, then travel around the ideological world to find possible answers to the mystery, and then eliminate them one by one until there is only one feasible answer.

4) With rational language and other tools, the conclusion is not only effective, but also meaningful, exciting and satisfying. The tools are: a, insert some humorous elements early; B, add a short story; C, provide vivid examples; D, using third-party evidence; E, use eye-catching visual materials.

8. Xiu: Please surprise me.

Show them.

★ Show a group of paintings in your latest artistic creation, and the speech will focus on the paintings.

★ Demonstrate the product you invented.

Describe your vision of a self-sufficient city in the future.

★ Show 50 beautiful photos of your recent trip to the jungle in cross the amazon.

Give the audience the core ideas, share your dreams when you started writing with us in easy-to-understand language, and show us your creative process.

When you want to show something interesting, you should learn to use some acting skills. Get the audience excited, give hints about what they want to see, and then introduce some necessary background to the audience. Once the foundation is laid, the speech can reach its climax smoothly and effectively.

? For example, Han and prichard adopted the method of opening with ridicule; The necessary background, content or reason of the invention; The demonstration itself (the more intuitive and dramatic the better, as long as it is not fraud); The meaning of technology.

Suppose you have the main line and content of the speech, and skillfully combine connection, narration, explanation, persuasion and display, then it's time to formally show it.

9.？ Visual materials: harmful slides

A speech plus a video is not necessarily more interesting than a simple speech. These slides at least shifted some attention from the speaker to the screen.

No slides are better than bad slides.

The key elements of effective visual materials are: display; Explanatory power; aesthetic value

1) shows something hard to describe; Display the works of painters and photographers; A trip by an explorer or an invention by a scientist.

? 2) News that explains your bad mouth: photos, videos, animations and important data.

Each slide is limited to explaining one core idea; You can switch to a blank black slide when you don't want it.

? 3) Detail treatment: a. Font: Font should not be too small for the audience to read; The font color should be in sharp contrast with the background color, such as black characters on a white background and dark fonts on a white background. B. clarity: use the picture with the highest resolution; Watch the display effect on TV or projector at a distance of 2-4 meters.

Practices to be avoided:

Never use "bullets" under any circumstances.

★ Don't put a dash at the beginning of the text.

★ Don't underline and italicize-they are difficult to read, just make the content you want to emphasize bold.

★ The use of shadows can sometimes play a prominent role, especially the fonts placed at the top of the picture, but use them as little as possible.

Don't use multiple fonts in the same line, it will look bad.

Use a gradual approach-adding text and pictures to the slide by clicking many times-to focus the audience's attention on one concept at a time and give them enough time to digest it step by step.

4) The picture indicates the source; Photos of the works can be displayed 1 piece, not exceeding 1 piece;

5) The length of video should not exceed 30 seconds, and the speech of 18 minutes should not exceed 4 paragraphs, unless your speech depends entirely on video. You'd better make your own video clips. You have the ownership.

6) All switching modes of slides should be avoided as far as possible, and not fancy.

7) Put the presentation materials in a folder and pass them to the organizer. In the meantime, take one with you.

8) After the slide is finished, do a technical test: Is the slide clear? Is switching fast enough? Is the font suitable? Is the video playing normally? Are there any technical obstacles? Ask the organizer what computer to use to play the speech content, and whether there are compatibility problems.

10 Speech: Recite or not?

How to make a speech must be designed, and different speakers adopt different ways. There are two ways:

? A. Write all the contents of the speech into a complete speech (for reading or reciting or both).

B list a clear framework and make an impromptu speech according to each point.

1) has a speech.

The biggest disadvantage is that unless you make a speech in an appropriate way, it will lose its freshness.

There are three main strategies to choose from:

A, I am very familiar with the content of the speech, which makes people sound like there is no suspicion of reciting the speech.

B, refer to the lecture notes (with the help of the podium), but at the same time, always look up and make eye contact with the audience.

C compress the speech into main points and explain each main point in your own words at the speech site.

The most effective way is to say what you really want to say. The most reliable way is to write a speech first, then really understand it and make it a part of you, but it takes effort. For most people, a speech of 18 minutes needs at least 5-6 hours of memory time, one hour a day for one week.

If the language of the speech insists on oral language, the speech will come from the heart.

? 2) A speech without a speech.

A speech without a speech covers a lot of things, from improvisation to careful preparation to designing a performance? At the same time, it should be supplemented by rich visual materials.

A speech without a speech is not an unprepared speech.

List the structure and main points of the speech.

1 1 string: Wait, do I need to rehearse?

1) For important speeches, it is very important to rehearse many times. It's best to rehearse for someone you trust.

2) Keep rehearsing until you can finish it easily within the specified time. Be sure to listen to the sincere feedback from the audience.

Some questions for the audience:

Did my speech attract your attention from the beginning?

★ Do I make eye contact?

★ Did my speech successfully convey new ideas to you?

★ Is every step of the speech satisfactory?

★ Are there enough examples in the process of expounding opinions?

How is my voice? Does it sound conversational (usually good) or didactic (usually bad)?

★ Is there enough pitch and rhythm change?

Do I sound like I'm reciting?

★ Is humor natural or a little far-fetched? Is there enough humor?

★ How about the visual material? Do they help or hinder the speech?

★ Is there anything annoying? Am I talking? Swallow often? Look around? Reuse words like "you know" or (worse) "like"?

? ★ Are my body movements natural?

★ Did I finish my speech on time?

★ Are you bored? Is there anything that needs to be deleted?

? I suggest you use your smartphone to record the rehearsal, so that you can see yourself during the speech.

? 3) Your goal is to memorize the final speech structure, so that you can concentrate on the ideas you want to express.

12? Opening remarks and closing remarks: What kind of impression do you want to leave on the audience?

Four good ways to open it

1) add a little drama.

2) stimulate interest. The easiest way to ask interesting questions

3) Show eye-catching slides, videos or objects.

4) Keep in suspense and don't tell the whole story.

Seven ideal endings

1) lens playback. Show the audience the bigger picture and broader possibilities pointed out by your speech.

2) Call to Action

3) Personal commitment. For example, Musk's "As far as I am concerned, I will never give up, never."

4) Value and vision. An inspiring or hopeful vision for the future.

5) Re-inspection. Redefine the topic of discussion from another angle.

6) Narrative symmetry. Echo the beginning and create a satisfactory ending.

7) Poetry motivation. Only when the audience's emotions are aroused can it be effective.

No matter what happens in the end, it must be carefully designed. Preparing a concise conclusion and then simply saying "thank you" is the best way to end the speech.

13? Wardrobe: What should I wear?

Prepare a suit that makes you feel comfortable in advance.

Pay attention to your thoughts, not your clothes.

14? Psychological preparation: how to control nervousness

Suggestion:

1) Turn fear into motivation. Practice repeatedly to enhance self-confidence.

2) Let your body help you. Take a deep breath and do push-ups.

3) drink water. Remember to drink half a bottle of water five minutes before going on stage to help avoid dry mouth.

4) Avoid fasting.

5) Remember the fragile power. Admit that you are nervous.

6) Looking for "friends" in the audience. Find some kind faces, talk to them and move your eyes between them.

7) Use a backup plan. Worry about making mistakes and design some backup plans. If you are worried about forgetting words, you can put your notes or speeches in front of you.

8) Focus on what you say.

15 equipment: podium, teleprompter, card or nothing?

The following two situations:

A. The speaker stood behind a big and stupid podium on the stage and read the speech to a group of distant audiences;

B. The speaker stood on a small stage, unprotected and surrounded by the audience on three sides.

Obviously, the second one is more conducive to establishing the connection between the audience and the speaker, but you need to choose the way of speaking according to your own situation.

If you remember the speech completely or just a short handwritten point, you can face the audience directly without a podium.

If you need more comments, you can use the following methods:

1) Comfortable archiving. Put your notes on the platform and a bottle of water. If you forget the lyrics, take notes and have a drink. Keep your notes at a distance from you, and don't look down at them at any time.

2) Slide as a guide.

3) Make a set of portable cards and wear them on the ring clamp.

4) Use smart phones or tablets for comfortable filing, but it is recommended to put notes that do not need to be referenced.

5) The high-end lecture venue has a display screen in your field of vision, and you can see the slides.

6) Do not encourage the use of teleprompters on the formal stage.

16? Sound and Way: Giving Life to Language

Words can convey what printed words can't, and turn information into human brilliance that can bring enlightenment.

? 1) the use of sound.

At least six sound tools are available to you: volume, pitch, rhythm, timbre, rhythm, intonation and so-called "rhythm".

The tone of speech should be changed and the meaning to be expressed should be presented in many ways.

The speed of speech needs to be naturally colloquial. When introducing important concepts or explaining complex theories, slow down and don't be afraid to pause. You can speed up in anecdotes or more relaxed places.

2) the use of the body

The simplest and most powerful speech method is to stand up straight, evenly distribute the center of gravity on your feet, naturally separate your feet by a few inches, and emphasize what you want to say with the natural swing of your hands and arms.

You can walk back and forth, but avoid shaking your legs alternately because of nervousness, or constantly moving back and forth in a swinging posture.

There is no fixed body language, as long as you will find a stage mode that feels comfortable and confident.

1 7? Format innovation: the prospect of full-spectrum speech

The word "full spectrum" is used to describe the means of adding more information than words and slides in a speech.

1) theatrical props. For example, Bill Gates released a can of mosquitoes in his speech about malaria.

2) Panoramic screen

3) Multi-sensory stimulation. For example, Luca Turin, a perfume designer, used a machine to spray different perfumes into the venue.

4) Live podcast

5) Explanatory interview?

6) Incorporate the elements of spoken poetry.

7) Video poetry

8) Blend in the background music

9) Lesger method, that is, a large number of slides are used.

10). For example, beverley joubert and Drake joubert talked about their lifetime agreements with leopards and other wild animals.

1 1) to debate the new model.

12) slide show, namely automatic slide show.

13) live exhibition

14) surprise appearance, that is, the protagonist of the story appeared on the scene.

15), a virtual exhibitor, appeared in the venue through 3D hologram.

16) No live audience.

I am very much looking forward to the development of public speaking mode in the next few years, but I can't overuse it. People's attention is fragile. If you want to add too many extra elements, you may lose the core idea of your speech.

Books: The Power of Speech, by Chris Anderson; Translated by Jiang Xianping, Beijing: CITIC Publishing House, 20 16.8.