How to prevent natural disasters?

Debris flow is a geological process between flowing water and landslide. Typical debris flow consists of thick mud suspended with coarse solid debris, and is rich in silt and clay. Under the appropriate terrain conditions, a large number of water bodies soak the solid accumulation materials in the hillside or gully bed, which reduces its stability, and the solid accumulation materials filled with water move under their own gravity, forming mudslides. Debris flow is a disastrous geological phenomenon. Debris flows often erupt suddenly. It is fierce, can carry huge stones, and advance at high speed, with strong energy and extremely destructive power. Everything was destroyed wherever the mudslide went. The picture on the right shows the damage caused by debris flow.

Debris flow is a common natural disaster in China mountainous area. Most of them occur in Xiaoxigou in mountainous areas. It is a solid-liquid two-phase fluid filled with a lot of sand and gravel, which is in a viscous laminar or sparse turbulent state. It is the comprehensive result of natural factors such as geology, geomorphology, hydrology, meteorology, soil and vegetation, and it is the product of the deterioration of mountain environment. China is a mountainous country with vast mountainous areas and monsoon climate zones. In addition, strong neotectonic movement, developed fault structures, frequent seismic activity and complex terrain make China the country with the most developed, most widely distributed, most numerous and most serious debris flow in the world. Therefore, China has carried out a lot of research work on debris flow, aiming to guide the prevention and control of debris flow in China into the track of contemporary science, and to turn harm into benefit in the practice of debris flow prevention and control, and to integrate social benefits and ecological benefits.

Section 8 Flood

Since ancient times, flood has been a natural disaster that has plagued the development of human society. The first page of China's written records is a glorious picture of the working people's struggle against floods-Dayu's flood control. Up to now, flood is still the disaster that has the greatest impact on human beings. The Yangtze River flood in China has brought huge losses to the middle and lower reaches, seriously damaging the healthy development of social economy.

Therefore, it is particularly important to study the causes, types, characteristics and prevention countermeasures of flood disasters.

Cause of flood

Flood disaster has dual attributes, both natural and socio-economic attributes. Its formation must meet two conditions: first, natural conditions: flood is the direct cause of flood disaster. Only when the natural variation intensity of flood reaches a certain standard will disasters occur. The main influencing factors are geographical location, climatic conditions and topography. Second, socio-economic conditions: only when there are human activities will there be floods and disasters. The areas most threatened by floods are usually

Types of floods

Floods can be divided into river floods, lake floods and storm floods. Among them, river floods can be divided into the following types according to their causes: rainstorm floods, mountain torrents, snowmelt floods, ice floods and dam-break floods. The most influential and common flood is river flood, especially the long-term rainstorm in the basin, which leads to high river water level and dam failure, the greatest damage to regional development and even a large number of deaths.

Flood and waterlogging characteristics

From the mechanism of flood disaster, flood has obvious seasonality, regionality and repeatability. For example, almost all floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China occur in summer, and the causes are basically the same, but they have different characteristics in the Yellow River basin.

At the same time, flood disasters are very destructive and universal. Flood disaster is not only harmful to society, but also seriously harms adjacent river basins and causes changes in water system. In addition, flood disasters may occur in different areas, including mountainous areas, coastal areas, river estuaries, middle and lower reaches of rivers and areas around glaciers.

However, floods are still defensive. It is impossible for mankind to completely eradicate floods, but through various efforts, the impact of disasters can be minimized as much as possible.

Flood prevention and control

The prevention and control of flood disaster includes two aspects: on the one hand, it is to reduce the possibility of flood disaster, on the other hand, it is to minimize the loss of flood disaster as much as possible. Strengthening dike construction, river regulation and reservoir engineering construction are direct measures to avoid flood disasters, and long-term and lasting implementation of soil and water conservation can fundamentally reduce the probability of flood disasters. Scientific flood and weather forecast and reasonable flood storage and detention area planning can reduce the loss of flood disasters. Establishing an emergency system for flood control and emergency rescue is the last measure to reduce disaster losses.

What should we do in the face of natural disasters?

Last winter, a sudden snowstorm deeply touched us. Now, an earthquake without warning has shaken more than half of China and affected the whole of China. In the face of natural disasters, we humans are so small and our defenses are so useless, especially in the face of the rare extreme climate of ice and snow and such a powerful earthquake in the south.

So, what should we do in the face of these sudden natural disasters? What should we do?

In the face of these emergencies, don't panic at first, try to stay calm and understand your situation. Then, make a decisive decision, try to protect your life safety, and give up if necessary. Let yourself know your situation as soon as possible and adjust your behavior adaptively.

At the same time, in order to reduce the invasion of natural disasters, society needs us to make some contributions. "Everyone contributes, and unity is strength" can not only protect the ego, but also benefit the ego. Summing up successful experience, in the face of natural disasters, everyone should try to do it according to the following ten words:

1. learning: learning all kinds of disasters and disaster reduction knowledge.

2. Listen: Always listen to disaster information released by national or local governments and disaster authorities, and don't listen to rumors.

3. Preparation: According to the development of disasters, individuals and families should be prepared for various actions and materials, and protect disaster monitoring and protection facilities.

4. Inspection: Pay attention to observe and study the natural variation around, and if conditions permit, you can also conduct some tests and studies.

Report: Don't panic once you find abnormal natural phenomena. However, it needs to be reported to the relevant departments as soon as possible, and the professional departments should judge.

6. Resistance: Once a disaster happens, we must first carry forward the fearless spirit, call on the masses and organize everyone and individuals to defend themselves.

7. Avoid disasters: Before disasters happen, make arrangements for individuals and families to avoid disasters and choose safe places to avoid disasters. Once disasters happen, individuals and organizations will avoid disasters.

8. Cut-off: In the disaster relief operation, the disaster sources such as electricity, fire and gas that may lead to secondary disasters should be cut off first.

9. Rescue: We should learn some knowledge of medical rescue, prepare some necessary medicines, and save ourselves and treat others in time when the medical system fails to work normally in the event of a disaster.

10. Insurance: In order to reduce the economic losses of individuals and families, we should make full use of social disaster prevention insurance in addition to personal protection. It is believed that with the improvement of the national disaster reduction system, the improvement of disaster reduction capacity and the efforts of every member of the whole people, the disaster losses will be greatly reduced.

Fortunately, we have a government that cares about the people, and we have caught up with a network era with extremely developed information technology. The two complement each other, bringing people hope and strength in disasters, bringing timely assistance with one heart and one mind, and enhancing the determination and confidence of people in disaster areas to resist natural disasters.

Although we can't control natural disasters, we have reason to believe that under the leadership of the State Council of the CPC Central Committee, as long as the people of the whole country are United, we have the confidence and ability to overcome no matter how big the natural disasters are, and we also have the means and strength to overcome no matter how big the difficulties are, and we will definitely win the final victory of this particularly serious earthquake disaster!