Basic knowledge of photography technology

Basic knowledge of photography technology

Basic knowledge of photography technology, China people like to record beautiful things since ancient times, so photography can be said to be a very enjoyable thing, and learning photography is also something that many people yearn for. The following is the basic knowledge of photography technology.

Basic knowledge of photography 1 1, hold the camera correctly. Can effectively avoid camera shake. Avoid holding with one hand. Hold the camera handle with one hand when holding it with both hands. Hold the zoom or focus ring of the lens with one hand. Don't put your hands in a straight line. But should form an included angle, which is relatively more stable. Hold your body with your big arm when holding the camera. Relax your forearm, or it will shake easily. The arms are staggered one after the other. So as to form a stable include angle.

2. Use optical viewfinder or EVF viewfinder. Triangular support is the most stable. Use an optical or EVF viewfinder to view the scene. Try to avoid using LCD to take pictures. Because of the optical or EVF viewfinder, people's brow bones can be tightly attached to the viewfinder. Both hands cooperate to form a triangular stable support.

3. Correct standing posture. When shooting, you should step forward. A foot behind. Don't keep your feet in the same line. Besides. When shooting, the thighs should be tight and the calves should be relaxed. Avoid the influence of basic jitter on stability.

4. Learn to adjust your heartbeat and breathing. Due to heartbeat and breathing. People are actually shaking all the time. But we can take a deep breath to stabilize ourselves and then exhale. Then breathe in smoothly. Hold your breath when you press the shutter to minimize jitter.

5, learn to press the shutter half. Don't just press the shutter when you see the scene. The stroke of the camera shutter is divided into two steps. That is, half-pressing the shutter camera starts auto-focusing and metering. The shutter will not start until it is fully pressed. Otherwise, you can't measure or focus correctly, the image is virtual and the exposure is not accurate. When you press the shutter, it should be smooth and soft.

6. Exposure within the safe shutter time range.

7. Try to turn on anti-shake when holding it. When installing the tripod, please turn off the anti-shake to avoid the interference of the anti-shake system.

8. Don't take pictures with your camera bag on your back or something in your hand. If you are exposed for a long time, put down all your equipment, and the extra load will make your body out of balance. It is easy to cause physical fatigue and jitter.

9. Find a stable support. If the shutter speed displayed by the photometric value is much longer than the safe shutter speed. And there is no tripod at hand. At this time. You can find some stable brackets for emergency shooting. For example. Leaning against a tree or a wall is more stable than standing without support. When the exposure time is between 1-3 seconds. Holding the camera tightly against the bracket with both hands to keep it stable can often achieve good results.

Sometimes. You can put the camera directly on the ground or shoot on a plane like a wall. Its stability is comparable to a tripod. If you are shooting scenery and other objects, you can also put the camera in the camera bag or bean bag to take a selfie. Bean bag is a kind of bag filled with beans or ceramsite, which can be deformed at will and is not easy to wear the camera.

10, make good use of tripods and monopods. The attitude of the tripod to the photographer. The biggest trouble for people who have just started to touch the camera is that the hand holding the camera can't keep steady and shake. Although many cameras have anti-shake function, they can't cope with large jitter. Especially when shooting at night, jitter is more likely to cause inaccurate focus and blurred photos. Besides shooting more and practicing more, shooting with a camera on a tripod is the most reliable.

1 1, make good use of RAW format! If the memory card is large enough and the scenery is beautiful, use the RAW format. In this way, more details of light and dark parts can be preserved, and it is easier to correct white balance and hue, which provides the maximum space for post-processing.

Basic knowledge of photography II. The correct way to hold the camera

In the basic knowledge of shooting, the most important thing is to hold the camera steady. No matter how well other photographic elements and techniques are mastered, as long as there is vibration at the moment of shooting, the quality of photos will be greatly reduced because of blurred images.

Although tripods can be used to reduce the possibility of vibration, most of them are shot with hand-held cameras, and photographers are often not allowed to spend time placing tripods and fixed cameras at "decisive moments".

Compared with traditional cameras, digital cameras require higher shooting stability. This is because electronic components need extra time to store information, which is often called "time lag".

1, the correct posture of the machine.

Whether standing, sitting or kneeling, the correct posture for holding the machine should be:

(1). Hold the handshake position on the camera side with your right hand, and touch the shutter button with your index finger to shoot at any time.

(2) Hold the bottom of the fuselage with the palm of your left hand, and hold the camera with your thumb and forefinger to stabilize the lens.

(3) Keep your hands and upper arms close to your body, try to keep a natural drooping state and move closer to your body. Never shrug your shoulders. Because the shoulder is lifted for a long time, the shoulder will feel tired and it is more difficult to stabilize the camera.

(4) When holding the camera vertically, generally, the left hand is down and the right hand is up, but also pay attention to the left arm close to the body.

2. Matters needing attention when standing or sitting down for photography

(1), when standing for photography, you should stretch your feet slightly, or stand back and forth, so that you can put your whole body weight on your feet. If you can rely on some fixed objects, such as leaning against the trunk or wall, the effect is better.

(2) Sitting photography has high stability, but foreign objects can still be used to further stabilize the body. A chair back or a table is a good choice.

3. Precautions for kneeling photography

When kneeling, the left foot should be arched, the right foot should kneel on the ground, and the left hand at the bottom of the fuselage should be lifted and supported on the arched left foot. In general, it is difficult to keep your body steady on your knees. It is best to rely on fixed objects, such as trees and walls.

4. The important role of video tape

Put the camera strap on your wrist, hold it in the tiger's mouth for two turns and then tighten it. After putting your thumb through the strap, hold the camera tightly, so that the camera can be integrated with your right hand, which can not only reduce the tremor of your hand, but also hold the camera when you accidentally let go, so as not to fall to the ground and be damaged.

Second, the use of light.

Photos are artistic products of light and shadow, and it is not an exaggeration to call light the soul of photography. To take good photos, you have to master the key element of light.

1, the properties of light

(1) direct light

On sunny days, the sun shines directly on the subject without any obstruction, and the light-receiving surface will produce bright shadows, while the light-receiving surface will form obvious shadows. This light is called "direct light". Under the "direct light", there will be a very obvious contrast between the light-receiving surface and the non-light-receiving surface, which is easy to produce a three-dimensional sense.

When the sun is blocked by thin clouds, the sunlight will still diffuse through the white clouds, and the resulting illumination contrast will be reduced, which is very suitable for portrait photography.

(2) Scattered light

On cloudy days, sunlight is blocked by clouds, so it can't shine directly on the subject. It can only shine on the subject through the intermediate medium or through reflection, and the light will have scattering effect. This light is called "scattered light". Because the light receiving surface and shadow surface formed by scattered light are not obvious, the contrast between light and shade is weak, and the change of light and shadow is soft, so the effect is flat and soft.

"Direct light" will produce light with strong contrast, resulting in thicker shadows, less tonal changes, and harder lines and tones of the captured image. And "scattered light" will produce light with weak contrast, so the shadow is shallower, the color tone changes more abundantly, and more and more soft image lines and colors will be obtained. So photographers should choose the right light according to different situations.

2. Different directions of light projection

Shooting the same scene, using light projected in different directions will produce different effects.

(1) Guang Shun

The light coming out from the back of the camera and facing the subject is called "smooth light". The characteristics of "Guang Shun" lighting are: most objects are directly illuminated, the shadow area is not large, and the color of objects is relatively clear. The contrast between light and shade formed by this kind of light is weak, and the three-dimensional sense of an object can not be reflected mainly by illumination light, but by its own ups and downs. So the three-dimensional sense is weak.

(2) Front side lamp

The light from the left or right rear of the camera to the subject is called "front light". Most objects that receive light will receive light, resulting in a brighter surface, so the color tone is brighter, and the area of the object that is not exposed to light will not be too large, but it can already show the light and dark distribution and three-dimensional shape of the object. This kind of light can not only keep the bright hue, but also show the three-dimensional form of the main body.

(3) Side lights

The light from the left or right side of the camera is called "sidelight". It will make half of the subject receive light, while the other half is in the shadow, which is beneficial to show the ups and downs of the subject.

Because the "side light" illumination increases the shadow area of the object, the color of the picture is not bright or dark, and the light and dark are mixed, which is not as bright as the "front light" and "front side light", but it is not too gloomy. Three-dimensional form will be better.

(4) Side backlight

The light from the left or right front of the camera is called "side backlight". It makes the object produce a small part of the light receiving surface and most of the shadow surface, so the color tone will be darker. This kind of lighting will have a better stereoscopic effect on the object than "smoothing", but it is still weak.

(5) Backlight

"Backlight" is the light from the back of the subject and the front of the camera. Most objects are in the shadows. Because the light is weak, the three-dimensional sense is weak, and the tone is gloomy. However, "backlight" can be used to sketch the silhouette and outline of an object, and it can also highlight the texture and shape of the object and clearly show the lines of the object. Using "backlight" in clear weather will produce a strong contrast.

(6) dome light

The light from above an object is called "top light". The sunshine at noon is a good example. "Top light" often causes a strong shadow to the subject. If it is used in portrait photography, it will form a dark shadow under the nose, eyes and jaw of the face.

(7) Bottom lamp

The light source of "bottom light" is located below the subject. This kind of light is rare in daily life experience, so it has weird and dramatic effects and is rarely used in general photography.

3. Contrast of light

"Contrast" refers to the tonal relationship between "brightest" and "darkest" on the subject. The so-called "strong contrast" means that the brightest part and the darkest part of the light on the subject are very different, and the change from the brightest to the darkest is very strong, and the contrast is very strong. Relatively speaking, "weak contrast" means that the difference between the brightest part and the darkest part is not too big, and the change from the brightest part to the darkest part is very smooth, which makes the tone very rich.

Third, photographic composition

Composition is a process of dealing with the relationship between people, scenery and things in the limited space of photos, and arranging them in the best position in the picture to form a specific structure of the picture.

The main purpose of composition is how to emphasize and highlight the theme scenery, and at the same time, arrange the trivial things as a foil. Good composition makes photos look even, stable, comfortable and regular, and can guide the line of sight to the theme point. Improper composition will lead to disorder, imbalance between left and right, top-heavy, lack of visual focus and other problems because of too many themes.

1, notes for composition

To get a good photographic composition, we must pay attention to the following points:

(1) Don't be too monotonous, otherwise it will look dull. But it can't be too complicated, otherwise it will make people feel very confused.

(2) Choose a suitable background. A good background not only helps to set off the theme and highlight the protagonist, but also enriches the content of the photo and adds color to the picture.

(3) Understand the relationship between people, scenery and things in the photos and make appropriate arrangements, so as to effectively express the theme and avoid usurping the role of the host.

(4) Consider the color contrast of each scene. Sharp contrast helps to highlight the theme, but if the colors are confused, it will have the opposite effect.

(5) It is necessary to master the illumination angle of light and the shadow generated, which will affect the color and effect of photos.

(6) We should make more use of the changes of illumination, perspective, overlap and light and shade, which will help to increase the three-dimensional sense in plane photos.

2. Create different compositions from different shooting angles.

Most themes are three-dimensional, and they present many faces. There are front, side, back, top and bottom. Different shooting angles of the same object will also make the picture show a variety of composition effects. Therefore, before shooting, we should choose different directions and angles to observe the comparison object, find out the best, most expressive and vivid viewpoint, and find the most suitable composition.

Basic knowledge of photography 3 1, shooting with the nearest distance.

Don't use zoom lens, but approach the subject with personal warmth and enthusiasm. If possible, grab the subject's hand and shoot. Although it looks difficult, most people like taking pictures. If people feel your friendliness and sincerity, they are willing to be photographed by you at the moment of smiling.

At the beginning of photography, I always took photos on the street with my mobile phone, but it was impossible to get in close contact or even shoot when I had resistance to shooting passers-by. Although this kind of shooting is somewhat difficult, I pay close attention to some children or couples who are shopping, but they are actually very happy to take pictures, and the photos can better express their feelings at that time!

2. capture that moment, no matter what the theme is.

Photography is actually a feeling. Many photographers want to shoot a series of perfect works, or shoot a person and so on, but excessive pursuit of perfection will lose the feeling of photography. An important element of shooting is to express the photographer's feelings and what he wants to express. Life is recording every moment, not a rigid picture. Some very strange photos will arouse the antipathy of * * *, and even give readers room to exert their imagination.

Step 3 shoot from different angles

Many photographers often make the mistake of thinking that their shooting angle is good, so they stop exploring new angles. If you keep shooting from the same angle, your eyes will narrow. You can only keep jumping around, jumping higher and lower, going back, going back to the front, shooting high and shooting low, and you will find out from which angle the most beautiful composition of this picture was taken, and then learn more.

4. Shoot with the subject looking at the horizon.

The most important apparent horizon in shooting can't be ignored. If you shoot a baby or young child, or even a chicken, be lower. Get your knees dirty. They have a strong advantage when they look at the camera, but they will be alienated when they look at it.

5. Surprise is hidden in the details

Step 6 use props

I think props are also very important in portrait shooting besides good lighting and models. Everyday common things, such as chairs, ladders, empty boxes, baby seats, all help to arouse emotions and can be props to add interest to photos.

Step 7 use special light

Usually at home, you can pay more attention to when and where the light is the most beautiful. You can move the object into the light source or just restore it to a special place, pretend that something has happened, and add some artificial light such as candles in the case of insufficient light to create the most beautiful shooting light and show the most beautiful side of the subject.

8. Avoid taking portraits in direct sunlight.

Avoid shooting portraits in direct sunlight. You can use the reflection of the wall to indirectly get softer light, so that the portrait will be more beautiful and comfortable.

9. shoot at any time

Shoot with your heart anytime, anywhere, and you will find that the moments you capture are unexpected.

10, take a lot of photos.

If you only take one and a half photos, you won't realize where the most beautiful and best capture point of a portrait is. I can't even tell you about the iphone now. People have different expressions, and the photos feel different when they tilt their heads. Only by continuous shooting can we take the most satisfactory photos.