interest

Abstract: Interest is a person’s psychological tendency to know something or engage in a certain activity. It is based on the need to understand and explore external things. It is an important motivation for people to understand things and explore the truth. . Interests can be either direct or indirect. The interest in acquiring knowledge is direct, while the interest in learning a foreign language for the purpose of acquiring knowledge is indirect. Interests may be formed over a long period of time in an individual's life, or they may be accidentally inspired by something in a certain right situation.

Interest will have a positive impact on people's understanding and activities, but it is not necessarily conducive to improving the quality and effect of work (this is the case with low-level interest).

Interests are socially restricted. People’s interests will have different characteristics if they live in different historical conditions and social environments.

The famous perceptual scientist Gibson once pointed out that early infants' behaviors guided by perception and attention can be produced without any learning. Human babies show a tendency to respond to external physical or social stimulation after birth, so on the one hand it is considered to be the continuation of the emotional arousal state of animals in humans (interest is considered to be caused by the avoidance of lower animals) behavior is gradually internalized into a brain state), on the other hand is considered to be an intrinsic source of human interest and curiosity.

Personality psychologist Allport believes that human beings have an "autonomous function", which is interest. Interest is an emotional state and is at the deepest level of motivation. It can drive people to act. The early infant's response to new external stimuli is the interest in body movements driven by the intrinsic motivation of interest. From the moment a baby is born, it is manifested in the body's functions. The baby's seeing, hearing, making sounds and movements are all aroused and guided by interest. Interest also supports the coordination between sensation and movement and the development of motor skills. Lays the foundation for growth and development; lack of interest in such emotional arousal can lead to severe mental retardation or apathy.

Herbart analyzed the psychological state of interest. He believes that two kinds of psychological activities can be produced in the state of interest. One is "concentration", which is a psychological activity that "concentrates on any subject or object to the exclusion of other thoughts"; the other is "thinking", which is Regarding "recalling and reconciling the contents of consciousness", that is, a kind of apperceptive activity that harmonizes and assimilates new and old ideas, he believes that only through deliberation activities can the new ideas accepted by the concentrated activities be reconciled with the children's original ideas. To ensure the unity of children's consciousness, reflection activities should be carried out after concentration activities. The alternation of concentration activities and reflection activities constitutes the so-called "spiritual breathing activity". He believes: "A person must have many of these countless changes, and then a person can have rich deliberation activities and the ability to enter every kind of concentration activity completely according to his own wishes. Only in this way can he be called multi-faceted."< /p>

People’s interests are diverse, but in summary they can be divided into three categories:

1. Material interests and spiritual interests.

Material interest mainly refers to people’s interest and pursuit of comfortable material life (such as clothing, food, housing, and transportation); spiritual interest mainly refers to people’s spiritual life (such as study, research, literature, etc.) art, knowledge) interests and pursuits. As for middle school students, since their outlook on life and worldview have not yet been fully formed, both material and spiritual interests require active guidance from teachers to prevent abnormal development of material interests and negative development and pursuit of spiritual interests.

2 Direct interest and indirect interest.

Direct interest refers to interest in the process of activities. For example, some middle school students are imaginative and creative and like to make various models. During the production process, they pay full attention and show strong interest; indirect interest mainly refers to the interest in the results of the activity process. Some middle school students like painting in their spare time. Whenever they complete a painting, they will show great interest in the results they have achieved. Direct interest and indirect interest are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Without direct interest, the process of making various models will be tedious and boring; without the support of indirect interest, there will be no goal and the process will be difficult to last. Therefore, , only by organically combining direct and indirect interests can one give full play to his enthusiasm and creativity, persevere, have clear goals and achieve success.

3. Personal interests and social interests.

Personal interests are the positive, tendentious and selective attitudes and emotions generated by individuals towards specific things, activities and people. Social interest refers to the general interest of social members in a certain field, or the general demand for social members in a certain field of society.

Interest has 4 qualities, including:

1. The tendency of interest refers to the content pointed by interest. Does it point to material or spiritual content? Does it point to noble or despicable content.

2 The breadth of interest refers to the scope of interest. Some have broad interests, some have narrow interests. Generally speaking, people with broad interests can acquire broad knowledge.

3 The stability of interest refers to the fact that interest remains in one or some objects for a long time. Only with stability can a person form a central interest on the background of a wide range of interests, so that the interest can gain depth.

4 The effectiveness of interest refers to the effect of interest on activities. Any interest that has a large impact on actual activities will also have a large efficacy effect. On the contrary, an interest that has a small impact on actual activities will also have a small efficacy role.

Interests play a huge role in the formation and development of a person’s personality, and in a person’s life and activities. This role is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1 For the future preparation for the event. For example, for a middle school student, being interested in chemistry may motivate him to accumulate various chemical knowledge, study various chemical phenomena, and lay the foundation and preparation for future research and work in chemistry.

2 Promote ongoing activities. Interest is a kind of interested activity with strong emotions, which can make people concentrate on acquiring knowledge and creatively complete current activities. Professor Ding Zhaozhong, a famous Chinese scholar in the United States, once said deeply: "In any scientific research, the most important thing is to see whether you are interested in the work you are doing. In other words, whether you have a sense of professionalism. This cannot be done in any way." Compulsion...For example, doing physical experiments, because I am interested, I can stay in the laboratory for two days and two nights, or even three days and three nights, and stay by the instrument. I am eager to discover what I want to explore. " Interest and professionalism promoted Professor Ding's scientific research work and made him achieve great success.

3 The promotion of creative attitude toward activities. Interest leads to in-depth study, creative work and study. For middle school students, being interested in a course will prompt them to study hard and think creatively, which will not only greatly improve their academic performance, but also greatly improve their learning methods and learning efficiency.

It can be seen that people’s interest not only occurs and develops in learning and activities, but also is a huge motivation for understanding and engaging in activities. It can open up people's intelligence, enrich their knowledge, broaden their horizons, and make people good at adapting to the environment and passionate about life. Interests indeed play a huge role in the formation and development of human personality.

Interest is an invisible motivation. When we are interested in something or an activity, we will be very involved and impressed.

Everyone will give priority attention to and actively explore things that interest him, and show his fascination. For example, people who are interested in art will carefully appreciate and comment on various oil paintings, art exhibitions, and photography, and collect and imitate good works; people who are interested in coins will try their best to collect various coins from ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad. Collect, treasure and research.

Interest is not just a concern for the surface of things. Any kind of interest is generated by gaining knowledge in this area or participating in such activities and making people experience emotional satisfaction. For example, if a person is interested in dancing, he will actively look for opportunities to participate, and feel happy, relaxed and fun when dancing, showing a positive and voluntary performance.

Interest is not only closely related to personal knowledge and emotions. If a person does not know something about something, he will not have emotions and therefore will not be interested in it. On the contrary, the deeper the understanding, the richer the emotion, and the deeper the interest. For example, some people are fascinated by stamp collecting. They believe that stamp collecting has both collection and appreciation value. It can enrich knowledge and cultivate sentiments. The more and rich the collection, the more involved and emotionally focused it will be. , the more interested you are, the more it will develop into a hobby. Interest is the premise of hobbies, and hobbies are the development and actions of interests. Hobbies are not only the mood of giving priority to attention and yearning for things, but also expressing some kind of practical action. For example, if you are interested in painting and develop from watching it to learning painting by yourself, then you have a hobby for painting.

Interests and hobbies are socially restricted. People from different environments, different classes, different professions, and different cultural levels have different interests and hobbies. Some people have relatively high tastes in their interests and hobbies, while others have relatively low tastes in their interests and hobbies. The level of their interests and hobbies will directly affect and express the quality of a person's personality. For example, being interested in public welfare activities, being willing to help others, being interested in and loving elegant music and art, reflects the elegance of a person's personality; conversely, being interested in taking advantage of others, being interested in and interested in low-level and vulgar literary and artistic works Hobbies show the low level of a person's personality.

Interests and hobbies are sometimes affected by genetics, and parents’ interests and hobbies will also have a direct impact on their children.

Age changes and changes in the times will also have a direct impact on people's interests. In terms of age, children are often interested in pictures, singing and dancing, youth are interested in literature and art, and adults are often interested in a certain profession or job. It reflects that as a person grows older and accumulates knowledge, the center of interest shifts. As far as eras are concerned, different eras and different material and cultural conditions will also have a great impact on changes in people's interests. But no matter what people's interests are, they are all based on needs. People will be interested in whatever they need. Since people's needs include physiological needs and social needs or material needs and spiritual needs, human interests are also expressed in these two aspects. Human physiological needs or material needs are generally temporary and easy to satisfy.

For example, if a person is interested in a certain kind of food or clothing, he will be satisfied after eating and wearing it; while a person's social needs or spiritual needs are long-lasting, stable, and growing, such as interpersonal communication, interaction with others, etc. Interest in literature and art and participation in social life are long-term, life-long, and constantly pursued. Interest is generated and developed based on needs. Middle school students need knowledge. The more knowledge they have, the broader and stronger their interests will be.

Interest refers to a person's psychological tendency to seek to know something or engage in some activity. For example, some sports fans will talk about sports with great enthusiasm, want to watch sports games when they encounter them, and are particularly obsessed with sports programs on TV. This is called being interested in sports. Some old Peking Opera fans always like to talk about Peking Opera and watch Peking Opera. They get excited when they encounter Peking Opera. This means they are interested in Peking Opera. The so-called "playing gongs and selling candies, everyone loves his own profession" means that people's interests are diverse and each has its own characteristics. In practical activities, interest can make people have clear work goals and be proactive, so that they can consciously overcome various difficulties and hardships, obtain the greatest achievements in work, and continuously experience the joy of success during the activity.

So, how to cultivate good interests? There are many ways to cultivate interest, mainly the following:

1. Increase knowledge reserves and cultivate the basis of interest

Knowledge is the basic condition for the generation of interest, so it is necessary to cultivate a certain interest, There should be some accumulation of knowledge. If you want to cultivate your interest in writing poetry, you should first come into contact with some poetry works, experience the beautiful artistic conception of poetry, and understand some basic skills of poetry writing. This may induce interest in poetry practice. It can be said that people with richer knowledge will have broader interests; while people with poor knowledge will also have poor interests.

2. Carry out interesting activities and cultivate direct interest

The so-called direct interest is a person’s interest in the external characteristics of the thing or activity itself. It is a new sensory stimulation that students experience with new things or content. This irritation reaction is strong but short-lived. Every time we teach a new class, students often show great interest and are easier to arouse. However, since the review class, the students' interest is not as good as before. Some even become more difficult as the teaching deepens. increase, leading to loss of interest. Direct interest is interest in the activity itself, so to cultivate this direct interest, the activity itself should be rich and interesting. For example, interesting game activities can arouse children's interest in participating in group activities and experiencing social roles; novel teaching content and interesting teaching methods can arouse students' interest in learning knowledge; vivid extracurricular practical activities can cultivate students' learning Interest in practical operations, using hands and brains, and inventions; carrying out labor competitions, sports competitions, and cultural and sports activities can stimulate students' enthusiasm and interest in labor, learning, sports, cultural and sports activities, etc.

⒊Clear the purpose and meaning and cultivate indirect interest

The so-called indirect interest is the interest generated after a person has a clear understanding of the results and importance of the activity. This kind of interest is a state of study caused by recognizing the meaning and value of learning. It has an intellectual color and is closely related to personal direction; it also has a long-term directional effect and will not change easily when encountering setbacks. It is not difficult for us to find this situation in teaching: when teaching basketball to a class of students, everyone shows great enthusiasm at the beginning, but when encountering relatively boring exercises, some students show impatience. , his attention began to lose concentration, and he felt that basketball was not that fun. However, students who had participated in basketball training and experienced important basketball games did not feel bored because of this. On the contrary, it was more challenging for him to learn and improve. I feel meaningful about my skills. This is the biggest difference between direct interest and indirect interest. Indirect interest is interest in the results or meaning of an activity. Therefore, to cultivate people's indirect and stable interest, people should be made clear about the purpose and meaning of the activity.

The stimulation of interest mainly lies in direct interest, while the cultivation is indirect interest.

⒋Cultivate excellent interest qualities according to their own interest characteristics

Since all people are in different environments, have different education and subject conditions, so students’ interests are different. They all have individual characteristics, so they need to cultivate their interests and hobbies according to their own conditions. For example, if some people have broad but not concentrated interests, they should strengthen the cultivation of central interests; if some people have single but not extensive interests, they should strengthen the cultivation of broad interests; if some people have short-term and changeable interests, they should strengthen the cultivation of interest stability; If they are passive, they should strengthen the cultivation of interest effectiveness; if some people are interested in the online world and are easily addicted, then they should strengthen guidance and at the same time pay attention to cultivating the noble personality of these young people.

Organized based on network information