Common skills of direct switching and scene changing in unskilled transitions

(B) the use of entrepreneurial factors

(C) the use of comparative factors

(d) Use blocking elements (or black lenses)

(5) Use a moving lens or dynamic potential.

(six) the use of scenery lens (or empty mirror)

(seven) the use of sound with music, sound, explanation, dialogue and other pictures to achieve the transition.

(8) Use close-ups

(9) Use subjective lens

(10) Metaphorical Transformation

For the comprehensive application of the above techniques, please refer to the fragments of Danish Symphony and Singapore Perspective. The upper and lower lenses have the same or similar subject images, or the objects are similar in shape, overlapping in position, and consistent in motion direction, speed and color. , so as to achieve the purpose of visual continuity and smooth transition. There are many such examples in the film: the editing effect of the TV film "Danish Symphony" is very smooth, which is largely due to the extensive use of direct switching techniques of similarity, such as the use of toy soldiers in fixed shots to connect with the real royal guard ceremony; A big tree in the forest is falling down, and it is convenient to connect with the wooden stake that fell on the cutting machine, and it is transferred from the forest logging field to the wood processing point; Cut the wood into pieces from the cutting machine, then splice it into a wooden floor, and switch to the close-up of the wooden floor in the rehearsal hall. There are dancers on the wooden floor, and naturally a group of ballerinas are shot; The close-up of the dancer's toes is connected with the folk dance image in the next shot. The scene changed from the rehearsal hall to the national dance performance on the stage. The actor looked up, the thunder was loud, and he jumped into the outdoor camera, and people hurried in the rain. The transformation of this group of time and space is very subtle. The lush forests and abundant wood in Denmark, the Danish love for dance art and the introduction of Danish national dance seem to be two aspects that span a lot, but they are closely combined through similar connections, which is not far-fetched.

In fact, in the usual TV movie creation, as long as you are a serious and responsible person, it is not difficult to find many similarities and connections between things. For example, in the previous shot, a tape was stuffed into the video recorder in the classroom, and there was a TV set in the picture; The next shot is pulled out of the TV image and has arrived home; In the previous shot, fruit farmers picked apples in the orchard, and in the next shot, they chose apples for close-up. However, the content has become the knowledge of farmers' markets. Clever use of the similar correlation between the upper and lower shots reduces the visual change elements, conforms to the law of people's gradual perception of things, and makes the scene change freely. Using the relationship between modeling and the contents of the upper and lower shots, the action is continuous or the plot is coherent, so that the paragraph transition is logical, and sometimes the illusion of inheritance can be used to create the illusion, so that the scene transition is smooth and dramatic. Finding inheritance factors is a common way of progressive editing, and it is also a basic skill that TV editors should master skillfully.

For example, in the previous paragraph, the protagonist is going to meet someone at the station. He said I went to the station, and the camera immediately took this meaning, switched to the position of the station and started the next paragraph. This is a direct transformation of the scene by using plot correlation.

For another example, the previous paragraph introduced a set of shots of various scenes in Tiananmen Square, centered on Tiananmen Square, which China people yearn for. At the end of the shot, a family took a family photo in the square and the photographer pressed the shutter. The next paragraph introduces a family in the film, and the content is relayed to the description of this typical ordinary China citizen family with a family portrait (documentary "Forbidden City"). Here, the photographer in the square presses the shutter, and behind him is a family photo.

Another example: The first paragraph is the scene of life in the city in the early morning. Busy people get on the tram and get off the subway in a hurry. The next paragraph introduces the community life of a street. You can transfer from the subway to the street through the stop sign representing the place. The previous paragraph talked about people burning incense in the temple. The scene can be shaken from a busy courtyard to a tall building outside the courtyard, and then followed by a group of shots of urban buildings. Generally speaking, this building is connected with another building, the exterior of the building is connected with the interior of the building, and the crowd in the building is connected with the hero; Similar connection mode is the general law of the connection order of structural shots in editing.

Taking advantage of people's automatic psychological setting and using the method of stealing the beam to replace the column can often create the illusion of contact and make the transition smooth and interesting. For example, the first group was painted by a painter, and the last close-up was that the painter squinted at it. The next shot is another painting, which is already in the exhibition hall. The painter looks at the painting behind, which seems to be a continuous action, but it is actually another content; For another example, in the previous scene, a person was practicing the dance stick movement of Peking Opera in the park, and he looked at the painting and threw it out; In the next picture, there is a stick in one hand. At this time, he has been performing on the stage in costume, throwing one after another, connecting the stage and the stage interestingly (TV short film "Dancing"). The latter photo was found in the data by the editor. He made good use of the illusion of continuous action of two lenses to make the transition coherent and compact.

Use contrast factors

Take advantage of the huge contrast and contrast between the front and rear shots in the scene, dynamic and static changes, etc. , forming obvious paragraph spacing, this method is suitable for the conversion of large paragraphs. The common way is to use bipolar scenes. Because of the disparity between the front and back shots in the scene, it can create obvious interval effect and strong sense of paragraph. It is a kind of jump shot, which helps to strengthen the sense of rhythm. For example, there are many examples in the TV series "Danish Symphony". Among them, the first shot of the former group is a panoramic view of sea navigation, and the first shot of the latter group jumps directly to the close-up of cattle in the lively bull market, and the sudden change of scenery or sound forms the rhythm conversion between paragraphs; Similarly, there are a lot of examples of bipolar lens transition in the Olympic bid. After the close-up of the majestic gongs and drums, there is a panoramic view of the Great Wall at sunrise in a group of mountains; The first paragraph ends with a panoramic view of three tenors performing in the Forbidden City, and the second paragraph begins with a close-up of the oncoming dance team. The first paragraph is about the various postures and smiling faces of children in China. Finally, a little boy held a small flag to welcome the Olympic Games. The next paragraph is about the splendid night in Beijing. The opening shot is a magnificent view overlooking the whole city. The use of bipolar lenses makes almost every paragraph very clear and separable, which enhances the visual contrast effect.

In TV documentaries, the transition of two-pole shots is an effective means to distinguish the levels of paragraphs. By changing from dynamic to static or in static, irrelevant processes can be greatly omitted, giving viewers a strong intuitive feeling. Generally speaking, the big scene in the last paragraph ends and the small scene in the next paragraph begins, which accelerates the narrative rhythm and makes the scene change powerful; On the contrary, the small scene in the previous paragraph ends and the big scene in the next paragraph begins, with obvious paragraph separation effect and relatively calm narrative rhythm. The so-called occlusion means that the lens is temporarily blocked by an image in the picture. According to the different occlusion methods, it can be roughly divided into two types: one is that the subject comes to block the camera lens and form a temporary black picture; Second, the foreground in the picture temporarily blocks other images in the picture and becomes the only image covering the picture. For example, in a shot on the street, a car with a flashing foreground may block other images at some point. When the picture is blacked out or completely blocked, it is also a shot switching point, which usually indicates the change of time and place. The main body blocking black can usually give people a strong visual impact and create visual suspense. Moreover, because the cut is omitted, the narrative rhythm of the picture is accelerated. A typical example is: in the previous paragraph, the subject in position A came to block the black lens, and in the next paragraph, the subject turned away from the lens and arrived at position B. ..

In film and television, especially in television, foreground occlusion transition is widely used. There is such a passage in the movie "Have something to say": the hero is waiting for his girlfriend in the street, and the camera begins to look around bored. In the next shot, a car passes by in the foreground, and he is eating watermelon; The bus passed again, and he was eating a box lunch. In the last scene, the car passes by and the picture goes to his girlfriend's house.

By the same principle, an airline advertisement vividly shows the magical effect of shielding the lens on a smooth transition: at the beginning of the lens, a little boy is on his way to school, and after an old car passes the screen, he becomes a high school student. When a street phone stopped him, he appeared as a young man and met a girl. He picked up a bunch of flowers from the flower stand and blocked him with a big bunch of flowers. He reappeared at the wedding. A modern car passed in front of them and he became a father. The family of three kissed each other. It is raining. He opened his umbrella and blocked the camera. Then adult children go shopping with him intimately. After walking past a big tree, he went to attend his daughter's wedding. The fountain before the wedding blocked his figure. When he walked past the fountain, he was already a grandfather with frosty temples, playing with his grandson. Obviously, this novel advertisement is carefully designed, which is full of unexpected interest, smooth and concise by blocking the transition of the lens, and at the same time shows a person's life in a certain plot. Although the role of blocking the lens is artistically magnified here, it can be seen that when the foreground moving objects such as cars and people block the picture, it is also a favorable opportunity to change the lens, making the time-space conversion smooth and compact. Use the motion of the camera to complete the position conversion, or use the dynamic connection and action similarity between people and cars in the front and rear shots as a means of scene or time-space conversion. Because of the momentum and consistency of the action, once the cutting point of the main action of the front and rear shots is found, the scene transition will be very smooth. This kind of transition emphasizes the internal relationship between the front and the back. For example, at the end of the last paragraph, two children are playing in the field and rush out of the picture to the right. The next paragraph reflects various labor scenes in the workshop. At first, two workers wearing roller skates rushed into the center of the venue from the left (TV series "Flower of the Netherlands"). The latter shot continues the momentum of the previous shot and changes the scene and content very freely.

Camera motion itself can show a spatial time sequence relationship, so it can be designed at the early stage of shooting. For example, from a group of portraits representing historical stories to interviewers, the narrative of historical stories will also be transferred to the interviews of the parties; Swing from the inside of the yard to the high-rise building outside the yard, thus transforming the space; People who play chess in the corridor are transferred to people who study in the room; From an image to the sky, this way usually means the clear end of the previous paragraph, and the interval between paragraphs is obvious.

In the application of the skills of sports transition, painting and painting are also important means to change time and space. In the performance of large space changes, such as from office to street, from place A to place B, people often walk out of the picture of the previous shot and then walk into the picture from the lens of another environment; Similarly, you can draw a picture in the previous shot, and the characters are already in the picture in the latter shot. For example, in the last shot, the character walks out of the house, and in the next shot, he is already in the street. Here, painting represents a temporary end and painting represents a new beginning. Therefore, different spaces can be connected together in a more coordinated way. Which way to use depends on the material situation, and the time factor in spatial ellipsis should also be considered. Generally speaking, the longer the painting time, the farther the connection between actual space and time, the slower the narrative rhythm and the more obvious the interval between paragraphs. Use the scene shot as the interval between two large segments. Scenery lenses generally include two types:

One is to set off scenery and objects, such as mountains, villages, fields and the sky. Using this lens can not only show different geographical environments and scenery, but also show the changes of time and season. The TV documentaries "Dragon Ridge" and "Empty Mountain" both use the changes of crops and environment between the four seasons to transform paragraphs, and use them as structural elements to organically connect all links in the story development.

Scene shot is an important means to express emotions through scenes, which can make up for the shortcomings of narrative materials in expressing emotions, provide space for emotional development, and at the same time ease and calm the climax emotions, so as to enter the next paragraph.

The other kind is the lens with the object as the main object and the scenery as the foil, such as the train passing by in front of the lens, the cars in the street, the indoor furnishings, architectural sculptures and other still lives. Generally speaking, we often choose to block the pictures or close-ups in these shots as the transition opportunity. For example, in the previous paragraph, the exam is just around the corner, and a girl who is going to take the conservatory of music is practicing hard. In the next paragraph, she goes to the exam. The transition scene can be the picture of cars passing by in the street, the picture of a little girl walking from the street to the test center, the location of the test center building, picking up the scene she is playing, and so on.

In TV series, there are many scenes to make transitions. The choice of specific scenes should be related to the content and emotion of the foreground and background, and at the same time, the matching problem with the picture modeling should be considered. For example, if a car passes by in the street, it will skip the exam, so the transition scene of the car in this street will become somewhat inexplicable. However, if the car passes by the screen, picks up the girl to the test center, or tries to pick up the street view and the entrance of the examination room, then the lens will be shot in turn, with clear meaning and completed at the same time. Use music, sound, explanation, dialogue and other pictures to realize the transition.

It is the basic means and the usual transition way of TV editing to use commentary to connect the preceding with the following and run through the upper and lower shots.

Although music, sound, dialogue, etc. Different sound forms have different properties and functions, and they all have the following ways in terms of transition effect:

1. naturally switch to the next paragraph by using the harmony of sound transition, in which the main ways are the continuation of sound, the early entry of sound, and the overlap of similar parts of sound before and after. Use the attraction of sound to weaken the visual beat when the picture changes and the paragraph changes. For example, a survey program about the new law before and after its promulgation, the first paragraph is the scene of the two sessions, and the last paragraph is the thunderous applause of the audience. The last paragraph is the delegation discussing the law, and the opening is that the delegates applaud and the next representative begins to speak. The transition between the two paragraphs is a moving lens in the corridor outside the meeting room. The first applause continues to weaken, and the second applause is advanced and superimposed with the previous applause. As the camera entered the venue, applause gradually sounded. Here, the transition lens and transition sound play a connecting role, with clear transition and clear paragraphs. At the same time, relying on similar sound functions, they transform nature and render the warm atmosphere of the conference.

2. Use the echo relation of sound to realize the substantial transformation of time and space. For example, in the movie The Color Purple, in the last paragraph, Sharp's father disapproves of his marriage. In the end, the pregnant fiancee called Sharp at the door, and Sharp hesitated to talk back to his father. At the beginning of the next paragraph, Sharp replied, I agree. At this time, it was already at the wedding venue and the child was born. The illusion of shouting and answering, coupled with turning around, brought dramatic effect and achieved the purpose of traveling through time and space.

Similar techniques can also be used for reference in TV editing. For example, in survey programs, people with different objects or even different opinions are often used in the same question. In editing, you can use the echo relationship in the answer to connect different time and space, and even edit the effect of confrontation.

3. Use the contrast of the voice before and after to increase the interval between paragraphs and strengthen the sense of rhythm. Its performance is often that a certain section of sound suddenly stops, the camera switches to the next section, or the latter section of sound suddenly increases or appears, and people use sound attraction to pay attention to the next section. For example, the first paragraph is a quiet study at home, and the next paragraph is a game on a lively football field. The sudden noise at the game scene directly reflects the nature of another paragraph, and the camera directly cuts into the stadium game. This is a kind of film and television expression from abstract to concrete, which gives full play to the comparative role of film and television art montage and is meaningful. For example, in the opening paragraph of the Japanese movie "Wild Wheat Ridge", the dance steps of the rich people in the ballroom and the footsteps of the child workers crawling in the snow flashed back to Wild Wheat Ridge from the ballroom. There are contrasts and metaphors here, suggesting the cruel process of Japanese primitive capital accumulation.