Geographical landscape examination questions of college entrance examination

Landscape map is a thematic map reflecting the spatial distribution of geographical landscape. The following is the geographical landscape map test questions I recommend to you, for reference only!

Examination questions and reference answers of geographical landscape map in college entrance examination

First, multiple choice questions

(20 13 Guangdong Volume of College Entrance Examination) Map 1 is a real map of a place. The main reasons for the formation of this geological structure are as follows

Figure 1

A. transportation B. crustal movement C. metamorphism D. weathering

Answer 1. B

Is the proposition conceived from the perspective of knowledge points? What are the internal and external forces that cause the change of surface morphology? From the perspective of ability, is it an exam? Interpretation of geographical landscape map? . Test difficulty: easy.

The way to solve the problem is explained by the rock bending of the landscape map. This is a typical folded mountain, and the force that forms folds mainly comes from the horizontal compression of crustal movement. The key to solving the problem is to master the basic concepts of internal force and external force. Items A and D are external forces and item C is internal forces, but the information in the figure does not reflect the metamorphism after high temperature and high pressure.

The extended geological function of the test questions is the high-frequency test center of Guangdong College Entrance Examination: (20 10(7) water function; 20 1 1( 1) geological structure; 20 1 1(2) running water; 20 12 question 4 1 (1) should be paid enough attention to in teaching.

Sichuan Volume of College Entrance Examination (20 13) is a kind of local residence in mid-latitude region of Asia, which is called earth arch. This kind of house is very high, with a vault or flat roof and thick walls made of adobe. Answer question 9 ~ 10 accordingly.

Figure 5

The outstanding features of the environment in which this kind of residence is located are as follows.

A. Large temperature difference between day and night B. Continuous autumn rain C. Hot and humid climate D. Frequent typhoons

On June 8, local time 15, the sunlight shining on the earth arch came from

A. Northeast B. Southeast C. Northwest D. Southwest

Answer 9. A 10。 D

Proposition and conception this group of questions examines the environmental characteristics through landscape pictures, and at the same time examines the position of the sun in the sky at a certain moment. It can be seen from this question that the test difficulty of the ground motion part is decreasing. This question is not that difficult.

What is the solution to the problem? The roof is flat? As we all know, there is less precipitation in this area. A thick wall? It can keep warm, so it can be inferred that the temperature difference between day and night is large, so the ninth question is A. In the mid-latitude area of the northern hemisphere, the sun should be located in the southern sky at noon, around noon, in the southern sky, local time 15, and the sun should be located in the western sky, so choose D. Of course, this topic can also be directly selected according to students' daily life experience.

(20 13 Tianjin Volume of College Entrance Examination) The photo shown in Figure 4 was taken by a photographer with continuous exposure technology at night, and the arc in the photo is the apparent motion trajectory of the stars. Look at the picture and answer questions 8 ~ 9.

According to Figure 4, the location of the photographer's shooting.

A. Low latitude B. Middle latitude C. Near the North Pole D. Near the South Pole

Answer 8. A

The purpose of this question is to examine the geographical significance of the earth's movement.

The way to solve the problem can be judged by the position of the North Star. Because the earth's axis points north near Polaris, the elevation angle of Polaris in the polar region is close to 90? The low latitude area is near the horizon, and there is no Polaris in the southern hemisphere, but the position of the Polaris in the picture is close to the ground level, so the photographer is located in the low latitude area. So choose option a.

In Figure 4, the apparent motion of star A passes through an angle of about 50? Judging from this, the photographer's continuous shooting time is

A. 1 many hours B.3 many hours C.5 many hours D.7 many hours.

Answer 9. B

The test questions are related to the angular velocity of the earth's rotation.

The way to solve the problem is that star A looks at the moving reference with the earth as the reference, and the star rotates 50? Actually, the earth rotates by 50? . Is the angular velocity of the earth's rotation 15? /h can get 50? That was more than three hours.

Fig. 2(0 13 New Curriculum Standard 45? Remote sensing image of an area near n, in which the dark part is vegetation covered area and the bright part is plateau desert area; The peak covered with snow all year round is 3424 meters above sea level, about 180 kilometers away from the sea. Read Figure 2 and complete questions 4-6.

The main factors leading to the precipitation difference in the illustrated area are

A. atmospheric circulation B. topography C. latitude position D. ocean current

Answer b

It is difficult to examine the influencing factors of precipitation and the ability of students to extract information and judge and analyze problems by looking at pictures.

The solution to the problem is that the area is located at 45? It is close to the sea (180km). From the map, mountains and vegetation are in the west, and plateau desert is in the east. Latitude position shows that this area should be influenced by westerlies. The west side is the westerly windward slope with heavy precipitation and good vegetation coverage, and the east side is the rain shadow area of the westerly leeward slope with little precipitation, forming a plateau desert. Therefore, the main factor leading to the precipitation difference in the illustrated area is topography, not atmospheric circulation, latitude position and ocean current.

This area is located

A. Pacific coast of Eurasia

C. Atlantic coast of North America D. Pacific coast of North America

Answer d

Proposition conception This topic examines the knowledge of the world region and the ability of students to extract useful information for regional positioning, which is moderately difficult.

The way to solve the problem is that this area is located in the westerly belt and is near the sea. There are mountains and vegetation on the west side. The plateau on the east side of the mountain range is a desert landscape. Combining the knowledge learned in western Europe and the United States, it is easy to judge that this area is the Pacific coast of North America.

The natural vegetation at the foot of the western slope of the mountains in this area belongs to

A. evergreen broad-leaved forest B. evergreen broad-leaved forest C. coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest D. grassland

Answer c

Proposition conception This topic examines the law of regional differentiation and the ability of students to solve problems by using the laws and principles they have learned. The difficulty lies in the middle

Evergreen broad-leaved forest is the vegetation corresponding to subtropical monsoon climate (subtropical monsoon humid climate), and evergreen broad-leaved forest is the vegetation corresponding to Mediterranean climate, with an area of 45? N, it is impossible to have these two kinds of vegetation, so items A and B are wrong; Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests are mainly distributed in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia, covering an area of 45? N, and it is a mountainous area, so it is a mixed forest of needles and broad leaves, and item C is correct; Grassland is generally the vegetation corresponding to semi-arid areas with less precipitation, while the west side of the illustrated area is affected by westerlies and terrain uplift, with more precipitation, so it can't be grassland, and item D is wrong;

(20 13 Fujian volume) Figure 4 shows the sand dunes climbing in the wide valley in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Look at the picture and complete 9 ~ 10.

Figure 4

Dunes are located.

A. alluvial fan B. flood plain C. delta D. flood plain

Answer 9. D

Proposition conception This topic takes the river landscape map as the starting point to investigate the knowledge of river geomorphology development, aiming at allowing students to observe geographical knowledge in their lives and apply what they have learned.

First of all, pay attention to the examination of the topic. Mid-stream guanggu? Key information, combined with the knowledge learned, alluvial fans are generally located at the mountain pass where rivers flow out, and alluvial plains refer to the plains formed by a series of alluvial fans in front of mountains in arid areas. The delta is located at the mouth of the river. What is the combination problem? Climbing sand dunes? Therefore, it is considered that options a, b and c can be excluded. Floodplain is generally located in the middle and lower reaches of rivers. The middle and lower reaches of the river are wide, with slow water flow, mainly flowing water deposition, and various sedimentary landforms such as sandbars and floodplains are developed.

The correct sign of sand dune contour and the main direction of its external force are

A.① B. ② C. ③ D. ④

Answer 10. C

Proposition conception this topic examines the morphological development and external force analysis ability of floodplain sand dunes. This question is very difficult. The topic scene design is good, and there is no other relevant text material. Directly examine students' ability to look at pictures and interpret information. Candidates can only make a correct answer if they master and understand the textbook knowledge and transfer it.

Proposition and conception combined with topic stem? Climb? Key words: It shows that the moving direction of sand dunes should be consistent with the direction of external force, and ② and ④ should be excluded. Combined with the distribution characteristics of sand dunes in the landscape map, the sand dunes on one side of the river bank are slow and the slope on the other side is steep, so ① option can be excluded. River sand exposed on the riverbed before and after sand dunes in dry season is blown, transported and accumulated year after year, with gentle windward slope and steep leeward slope. (It can be analyzed with the help of the formation principle of flowing sand dunes, as shown in the following figure)

Generally speaking, alluvial plains include alluvial plains, flood plains and delta plains.

1. Flooding alluvial plains are usually due to seasonal floods or rivers flowing in mountainous areas. Due to the steep terrain and rapid water flow in mountainous areas, it carries a lot of gravel and sediment. However, when the water flows out of the valley mouth, because the terrain suddenly tends to be flat, the waterway becomes wider, the water flow speed slows down, and the materials transported by the river gradually accumulate, forming an alluvial fan or an alluvial fan. A plurality of alluvial fans or alluvial fans are connected to form an alluvial plain.

2. The floodplain is generally located in the middle and lower reaches, with weak river erosion and strong lateral erosion. Rivers often scour concave banks and accumulate on convex banks, forming underwater accumulation bodies. The area of accumulation body gradually expands, and it is exposed to water in dry season, forming floodplain. During the flood season, the floodplain is flooded by the river and continues to receive sediments. If the river is diverted, the floodplain will be abandoned. Many abandoned floodplains are connected together, and finally a vast floodplain is formed.

3. Generally, when a river carrying a lot of sediment enters the sea, if the underwater gradient of the river entering the sea is gentle and the river speed slows down, the sediment carried by the river will accumulate in front of the estuary to form a delta. Several deltas are connected to form a vast delta plain.

4. This picture comes from the famous scenic spot of Yarlung Zangbo River? Buddha palm sand dunes? Located on the north bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River, near the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, it is named after the folded palms of Buddha.

Actual situation: Sand dunes are located at the outlet of strong winds in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with strong winds such as hurricanes from late autumn to late spring. The river sand exposed on the riverbed before and after the sand dunes due to the dry season has formed this unique landscape after years of blowing, handling and accumulation. In Milin County, Yarlung Zangbo River, the scale of this dune is second only to Wolong Dune.

(20 13 Jiangsu volume) figure 4 is the landform type map of Dunhuang city, Gansu province. The tall Mingsha Mountain is surrounded by crescent-shaped depressions, and the springs converge to form crescent-shaped springs (see the photo in the lower right corner of Figure 4). Not for a thousand years? Famous, but it has dried up in recent years, and the local government issued it. Save the Millennium Crescent Spring? Appeal. Look at the picture and answer 9 ~ 10.

The crescent-shaped catchment depression is caused by

A. the great lakes have shrunk. B. the remains of ancient rivers.

C. manual excavation; D. wind erosion.

Answer b

Proposition conception This topic mainly examines students' ability to read geographic images and obtain geographic information.

According to the information in Figure 4, Crescent Spring is a part of the ancient river channel in the figure, so item B is selected.

The main reason why the spring water is drying up day by day is

A. Climate warming, enhanced evaporation B. Less precipitation, less rain supply.

C. Wind-blown sand deposition and siltation in ancient rivers D. Groundwater recharge is decreasing.

Answer d

Proposition conception This topic mainly examines students' ability of image reading, geographic information acquisition and analysis, and knowledge points about mutual replenishment between water bodies.

From the point of view of crescent spring water surface contraction, A, C and D are all possible. Option B, which is located in the non-monsoon area and has a small annual average precipitation, is excluded. However, the key word of this question is? Spring water? And a and c have nothing to do with spring water supply, so choose d.

Knowledge Expansion Crescent Spring is a natural outcrop of groundwater in Dunhuang Basin and a part of the whole groundwater system. Crescent spring is replenished by groundwater in basin area. The main reason for the deterioration of water environment in Yueya Spring is the continuous decrease of groundwater recharge.

(20 13 College Entrance Examination Fujian Volume) A research study group in a middle school in Fujian designed an adjustable window shading device, which realized good shading and lighting in the classroom. Fig. 5 illustrates the design principle of the sun visor and answers the question 1 1 ~ 12 accordingly.

Figure 5

When the sun visor is put away, the indoor midday sun exposure area reaches the maximum value in a year.

A. the world distributes day and night equally. It's summer in the northern hemisphere.

C. direct sunlight 20? The area south of the Antarctic circle has a lot of daytime.

Answer 1 1. D

Proposition conception This topic takes the sun visor as the starting point, investigates the change and application of the noon sun height angle, and examines students' geographical knowledge in analyzing life.

Thinking of solving problems Pay attention to the key words in this question? Noon? And then what? A year at most? The greater the altitude angle of the sun, the smaller the indoor irradiation area, and the larger the irradiation area. This place is located in Fujian Province (northern hemisphere). At noon from winter solstice, the sun's height reaches the lowest value in a year, and the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn. At this time, the Antarctic circle and its south area appear extreme daytime phenomenon, so choose D, and pay attention to the relationship between noon sun height and irradiation area. Students may easily choose B, thinking that in summer in the northern hemisphere, the longer the day, the larger the exposure area. This question is about noon, not a day.

A middle school student in Jinan borrowed this design. If the windows in two places are the same size and shape, they should be adjusted as follows.

① The installation height is unchanged, and the sun visor is lengthened; ② The installation height is unchanged, and the sun visor is shortened.

③ The length of the sun visor remains unchanged, and the installation height is reduced; ④ The length of the sun visor remains unchanged, and the installation height increases.

A.①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④

Answer 12. A

Proposition conception This topic mainly examines the knowledge of the change of the sun's altitude angle at noon, pays attention to the students' ability to explore independently, and embodies the concept of the new curriculum standard.

The latitude of Jinan is higher than that of Fujian, the maximum and minimum values of noon sun angle are smaller than that of Fujian, and the maximum indoor area irradiated by noon sun will be larger. Therefore, in order to achieve better results, if the installation height remains the same, the sun height decreases at noon and the sun rays are more oblique, then the sun visor must be lengthened, as shown in figure 1 red dotted line. In the second case, if the length of the sun visor remains the same, the installation height should be reduced.

As shown in figure 2, red

Second, comprehensive questions

(20 13 Shandong College Entrance Examination) (24 points) Read the material and answer the questions.

The annual precipitation in Yinchuan Plain is only about 200mm, and the evaporation is1600mm, but there are many lakes because the Yellow River flows through it. Guard? , rich in rice, wolfberry and other famous products, with? Trapped in Jiangnan? The reputation of. Fig. 6 is a map of Yinchuan Plain and its surrounding areas, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the topography of this area.

Figure 6 Figure 7

(1) Point out the landform type at P in Figure 7 and explain its formation process. (6 points)

(2) Is Helan Mountain called Yinchuan Plain? Patron saint? And analyze the reasons. (6 points)

(3) Point out the main agricultural types suitable for development in different regions from Helan Mountain to Yellow River. (8 points)

(4) In recent years, Ningxia has built a characteristic agricultural product industrial belt of Lycium barbarum in Yinchuan Plain. Try to infer its basis. (4 points)

Answer (1) alluvial fan (alluvial fan). The mountain river flows out from the mountain pass, and the flow rate slows down, carrying a lot of sand and gravel sediment piled up in front of the mountain.

(2) blocking the northwest cold air flow and preventing desert invasion; Dongpo is the windward slope of the southeast monsoon, which increases the precipitation supply.

(3) Developing forestry in mountainous areas, animal husbandry in foothills and planting in plains; Rivers and lakes develop fisheries.

(4) Sufficient illumination and large temperature difference between day and night (superior natural conditions); Lycium barbarum has good quality and strong market competitiveness; Lycium barbarum planting foundation is good; Land resources can meet the needs of expanding production scale. (Answer only two points)

Proposition conception This topic comprehensively examines the causes of typical landforms, the influence of topography on natural environment and human activities, the sustainable development of regional agriculture, and the ability to obtain graphic information, mobilize and apply relevant knowledge to solve problems, and describe and explain geographical things. Based on written materials, maps of Yinchuan Plain and its surrounding areas, and landscape maps of this area, the formation of typical landforms under the macro-environmental background of this area is first investigated, and then the special underlying surfaces (Yellow River crossing the border, Helan Mountain? Guard? ) formed by a special geographical environment? Trapped in Jiangnan? Then, the internal differences of this special environment, the formation and layout of the corresponding agricultural regional types are investigated, and finally the development direction of characteristic agriculture is discussed. Medium difficulty.

Question (1): According to the landscape map and the sketch of landform types, the landform is located in front of the mountain, where the river flows out of the mountain pass, and it is fan-shaped, which can be judged as alluvial fan or alluvial fan. In the process of its formation, we should pay attention to the fact that it is in the transition zone from mountainous area to plain, and the speed of river water slows down, which leads to the accumulation of a large amount of sediment carried by river water and the formation of alluvial fans. Question (2): According to the regional map and landscape map, Helan Mountain is located in the northwest of Yinchuan Plain. On the one hand, it prevents the cold air from going south in winter and the western desert from expanding eastward. On the other hand, it is on the windward slope of the summer monsoon, which increases the precipitation. (3) It can be clearly seen from the regional map and landscape map that the area is divided into mountainous areas, hills and plains; According to written materials? There are many lakes because the Yellow River runs through it? As we all know, there are also vast rivers and lakes in this area. According to the characteristics of these regions and the principle of adapting to local conditions, the agricultural types of each region are analyzed. (4) In fact, it is to analyze the location advantages of developing Lycium barbarum characteristic industrial belt, which can be answered from natural conditions, raw material conditions, market conditions and so on.

(20 13 Tianjin College Entrance Examination) (30 points) Read the graphic materials and answer the questions.

Tea trees are suitable for growing in areas with air temperature 10 ~ 35℃, annual precipitation of more than 800 mm, high air humidity, gentle slope and good drainage conditions.

Figure 6 Figure 7 Huangshan Sea of Clouds

(1) In Area A and Area B shown in Figure 6, the most suitable area for tea tree growth is. What information do you judge from Figure 6? Please list two and explain. (9 points)

In recent years, about 30% of migrant workers in the Yangtze River Delta are from Anhui Province.

(2) Please explain the main reasons why the Yangtze River Delta attracts a large number of Anhui people to come to work. (6 points)

In order to promote the transfer of foreign trade processing and other industries in China's coastal areas to the central region, the state has set up industrial transfer demonstration zones in cities along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.

(3) What benefits will foreign trade processing and other industries bring to the industrial development of these cities? (6 points)

Huangshan Mountain in the south of Anhui Province attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists with its beautiful scenery such as strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs.

(4) How do tourists appreciate the Huangshan Sea of Clouds as shown in Figure 7? Please make two suggestions. (6 points)

(5) What are the reasons why tour guides ask tourists to stand on the observation deck, besides being convenient for viewing? (3 points)

12. Answer (1) b.

B is located in the south of Huaihe River and belongs to subtropical humid area. Judging from the contour features, the terrain of B is low mountains and hills.

(2) More employment opportunities (large demand for labor) and high income level (high level of economic development); Close to Anhui (low transportation cost; Geographical environment is close).

(3) optimizing the industrial structure; Improve the efficiency of industrial agglomeration (expand industrial scale).

(4) Choose a suitable location (standing on a high place overlooking); Choose the right time. If you answer the specific time, it is reasonable. )

(5) Ensure the safety of tourists.

The purpose of this topic is to examine the candidates' mobilization and application of geographical knowledge and basic skills (the location factors of human industrial activities and the reasons of population migration), and the exploration and evaluation of geographical problems in reality by correct geographical concepts (the appreciation of tourism landscape and the design of tourism activities) with the regional map of Anhui Province as the background.

Solution thinking

(1) It is easy to observe the growth of tea trees. Is there anything in the question? Suitable growth temperature of tea trees 10 ~ 35℃, annual precipitation above 800 mm, high air humidity, good slope and slow drainage conditions? B South of Huaihe River, subtropical monsoon climate, precipitation above 800. As can be seen from the contour map, it goes to low mountains and hills with good drainage performance.

(2) Investigating the causes of population migration, the main influencing factor of population migration in China is economic factors, and at the same time, the spatial distance between the emigration place and the immigration place should be considered.

(3) When investigating the impact of industrial transfer, should we pay attention to whether this question is correct? The influence of urban industry? , rather than the impact on the city.

(4) The content of tourism resources evaluation in tourism geography is discussed. The sea of clouds is a meteorological landscape, so you should choose the time at high places.

(5) This topic examines the common sense of safety in tourism activities.

(20 13 Shanghai Volume of College Entrance Examination) Western Europe has a unique natural environment and colorful geographical landscape. Look at the picture and answer the questions. (12)

Figure 2 Geographical landscape map of Western Europe

(1) According to the map, comprehensively analyze the influence of natural geographical elements on the formation of maritime climate characteristics in temperate zone of western Europe, as well as the influence on human geographical environment. (12)

Answer: ①

Latitude, land and sea degree, topography and atmospheric circulation jointly shape the unique natural geographical environment in Western Europe.

Western Europe is roughly located at latitude 40? To 60? The temperate zone between the west and the Atlantic Ocean is controlled by the westerlies all year round. The west wind makes the western European continent warm in winter and cool in summer, and the precipitation is relatively uniform throughout the year. The terrain is low in the west and high in the east, the plain is vast, and the mountains extend from east to west, which is convenient for warm and humid air to go deep into the inland; The north Atlantic warm current flows northward along the European coast, which also plays a role in warming and humidifying the climate. These factors lead to the formation of temperate maritime climate in western Europe, which is mild and humid all year round.

Impact on inland river shipping: Due to the influence of climate and topography, the river network in western Europe is dense, the river flow is stable, the water level changes little, and the shipping value is great.

Impact on agriculture: the mild and humid climate makes the grass grow vigorously and juicy here, and the output of dairy animals is high and stable. The planting industry is mainly wheat, and the flat terrain is conducive to mechanized farming and stable grain output.

Influence on regional culture: the mild and humid climate and flat terrain in western Europe have created farming and dairy farming, which is the material basis for the formation of local food culture dominated by bread and dairy products.

Impact on population, cities and industry: Because of the humid climate and flat terrain, it is suitable for human habitation, so the population distribution density is high, there are many cities and industrial areas are dense.

Based on the regional map and landscape map, the proposition comprehensively examines the ability of candidates to obtain and interpret image information, comprehensively process information, mobilize and use knowledge to analyze geographical problems. Proposition conception, knowledge conception and ability conception are equally important. Test difficulty: difficult. The key to solve the problem is to mobilize and use the known principles and knowledge to logically reason and analyze the causes of climate and the knowledge framework of the relationship between climate and human activities.

Solution thinking

Get information from the regional map: most of western Europe is located at 40? N - 60？ The west coast of mainland N belongs to the north temperate zone, with winding coastline, numerous islands, peninsulas, bays and inland seas, and the main mountain ranges are east-west. Mobilizing storage knowledge: most parts of western Europe are plains, and there is a strong North Atlantic warm current flowing along the coast of western Europe. On this basis, the knowledge and principle of climate causes are mobilized, and solar radiation is located in the middle latitude and north temperate zone; The atmospheric circulation is controlled by the prevailing westerly wind all the year round; The underlying surface (the land and sea are located on the west coast of the mainland, the coastline of the land and sea outline is tortuous, the ocean current and the North Atlantic warm current are warm and humid, the terrain is east-west mountainous, and the terrain is low in the west and high in the east, which is conducive to the depth of the west wind) is analyzed one by one. The comprehensive effect of the above factors makes western Europe form a typical temperate maritime climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with more precipitation and even distribution, warm in winter and cool in summer, and small annual variation.

Secondary extraction of image information: there are wheat belts at low latitudes and dairy belts at high latitudes in the regional map. There are cows on the pasture and boats on the river in the landscape map. The definite answer direction is the influence of climate on human environment such as agricultural production and inland river transportation. Agricultural production is affected by climate (light and hot water), topography and other factors; Navigation conditions are affected by topography and water system hydrology, and water system hydrology is affected by topography and climate.

Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (10)

Does the river have a curved section? Concave bank erosion, convex bank accumulation? Phenomenon.

The Saint Benezet Bridge on the French Rhone River was built in 1 177, overhauled and rebuilt in13rd century and15th century, and abandoned in 1668. The flood of 1669 destroyed the pier on the right bank of the river, and later the residual bridge on the left bank (thick solid line on the left in fig. 7) became the broken bridge of St. Benezet, a tourist attraction (right in fig. 7).

Figure 7

By comparing the water depth and velocity difference of rivers near the left and right banks of the broken bridge, the reason why the broken bridge can be preserved so far is explained.

The answer is that the bridge is built in the curved reach of the river, and the right bank is concave, with rapid water depth and strong scouring effect on the river bank; (5 points)

The left bank is convex, the river is shallow, the flow velocity is slow, the river bank is less eroded, and the scouring effect on the broken bridge is very weak. (5 points)

Based on the distribution of river characteristic map (left) and broken bridge on the river (right), combined with the information given in the materials, this topic investigates the causes of river geomorphology and the difference of erosion and accumulation between concave bank and convex bank. Concave bank erosion, convex bank accumulation? Regularity, analyze the reasons why the broken bridge has been preserved so far. This is a test of the application of principles. The difficulty is moderate.

Combined with the idea of solving problems with materials and drawings, broken bridges are distributed on the left bank (convex bank) of the river. This problem can be divided into two parts. The first part is to analyze the difference of water depth and velocity near the left and right banks. The second part is to analyze the reasons why the broken bridge can be preserved so far. This problem must be analyzed in combination with the first question. The first question is the depth and velocity difference between the left and right banks: the right bank is concave and the left bank is convex. What is the combination? Concave bank erosion, convex bank accumulation? The law shows that the scour on the right bank is strong, so the velocity must be fast and the depth must be large. Of course, we'd better add some physics knowledge to the students' analysis. The flowing water at the concave bank should keep moving (inertia), which has a great impact on the concave bank, so the scouring effect is strong. ) and convex bank accumulation, a certain flow rate is slow, because of the strong accumulation, a lot of sediment deposition, so the water depth is shallow. The second part of the question is easy to analyze on the basis of the first question. As can be seen from the figure, the broken bridge is on the left bank, which is a convex bank with strong accumulation and weak erosion. Of course, it is not easy to be washed away during the flood, so it has been preserved to this day.

20 13 Shandong basic ability test 65.205438+02 On June 8, 2002, scientists observed the sunlight shadow of an object in a certain place and drew a schematic diagram according to the change of the shadow length (Figure 14). According to the picture, this place is located in.

A. In the Arctic Circle B. In the Antarctic Circle

C. Tropic of Cancer

The analysis map shows that the time is about before the summer solstice; In extreme daytime, the height of the sun in a day is greater than zero (on the horizon); The height of the sun is inversely proportional to the length of the shadow; At noon, the shadow is the shortest, that is, the height of the sun is the highest, indicating that this place is within the Arctic Circle. The following landscape diagram: